GB2447905A - Growing algae in open water for use as a biofuel - Google Patents
Growing algae in open water for use as a biofuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2447905A GB2447905A GB0705796A GB0705796A GB2447905A GB 2447905 A GB2447905 A GB 2447905A GB 0705796 A GB0705796 A GB 0705796A GB 0705796 A GB0705796 A GB 0705796A GB 2447905 A GB2447905 A GB 2447905A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
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- areas
- growth
- plantation
- plantations
- open water
- Prior art date
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 title description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012272 crop production Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000254 damaging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002716 delivery method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009304 pastoral farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009979 protective mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C12P7/6436—Fatty acid esters
- C12P7/649—Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl esters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The production of biofuel feedstock from the cultivation of different species of marine microalgae and related organisms in areas of open water including where the growth is stimulated by the addition of supplementary nutrients. Natural and farmed algal blooms are harvested for use as biofuel. A delivery system for supplying nutrients to the surface of the ocean to promote the growth of the microalgae is also covered. The system includes the use of a nutrient loaded biodegradable film which functions to slow release nutrients over time. A dynamic cultivation process is envisaged whereby areas to be cultivated are selected by predictive technology to achieve optimum conditions for growth and times for harvesting of the biofuel feedstock.
Description
1 2447905 Cultivation of Blo fuel Feedstock This invention relates to
the production of biofuels from the large scale cultivation of different species of marine microalgae and related organisms in areas of open water including growth stimulated by the addition of artificial nut,ients
Background to the Invention
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in their 2007 report concluded that global warming induced by fossil fuel consumption was a major threat to mankind. This invention provides a viable alternative means of supplying sufficient quantities of feedstock for a range of fuels (biodiesel, bloethanol, methane efc) that can potentially meet world demand for such fuels for the foreseeable future. Each barrel of bio fuel produced by this method replaces an equivalent amount of fuel from petroleum sources enabling carbon from that fossil source to remain locked in permanent storage. 810 fuel derived from marine algae recycles the same carbon via the carbon exchange mechanisms of atmosphere and ocean providing all the benefits of conventional fue/s without incrementing the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. If sufficient petroleum products are replaced by bio fuels, the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere will decrease and anthropogenic global warming will be reduced.
Biofuels can be derived from terrestrial crops but the amount of land and water required to produce sufficient biomass to replace significant quantities of petroleum products is not a viable option. Marine microalgae am much more efficient converters of solar energy than tenestnal plants, they are already in aqueous suspension and they do not compete for scarce resources with the production of food crops.
Statement of Invention
Vast tracts of seas and oceans have ample exposure to energy from the sun to maintain ideal conditions for substantial algal growth but lack the nutrients necessary to stimulate and sustain such growth. Controlled delivery of appropriate levels and composition of artifIcial nutrients has the potential to transform such unproductive areas into marine farms' where either natural or cultured algal species can be grown.
The alga! crops can then be nurtured to the point where optimal development (in terms of energy potential) has been realised, harvested by large automated collection mechanisms and the oil, carbohydrate and protein fractions processed into suitable feedstock capable of further refinement into finished energy fuels.
Essential features of the invention that make it distinctive from work that has gone before are:- 1) The planned cultivation of large areas of open water to produce biomass feedstock from microalgae as a carbon neutral' replacement for petroleum fuels -principally but not exclusively biodiesel and bioethanol.
2) The conditioning of the surface by application of nutrient enriched biodegradable films to reduce the disniptive effects of surface chaos.
3) The composition and delivery of artificial nutrients tailored to local water conditions that will stimulate algal growth for optimal energy production.
4) The suitability of open water environments for the economical deployment of the massive equipment required to sow, nurture and harvest the algal crop.
5) The concept of the dynamic farming environment' where technology predicts periods/areas offering stable conditions for optimising algal crop production.
Detailed DescnDtion of the Invention Species of microalgae can produce 250 times more oil per unit area than soybean -the common feedstock for terrestrial biodiesel. Even so, to produce sufficient feedstock to replace all or most of the oil denved from petroleum requires a substantial area of open water.
Open water in this context covers all areas of water governed by the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Experiments under artificial conditions indicate that the energy potential of algae is 1 Quad* per 780 sq.miles. To meet anticipated future world demand for oil of over 120 Quads would require an area of around 100,000 sq.miles. This is a large area -even broken into smaller plantations -but it represents a minute proportion of the open water on the earth's surface.
A key factor in the invent/on is that it is carbon neutral' and has the capability of contributing significantly to the reversal of CO2 induced global warming. This is achieved by preventing the release of a net addition of CO2 from equivalent fossil energy into the atmosphere. Although consumption of bio fuels will release cci into the atmosphere, that CO2 is recycled back into the ocean through the normal mixing process operating at the ocean-atmosphere interface. This technology can induce a substantial reduction in the massive annual net increase of atmospheric cci derived from burning fossil fuels. The oceanic mechanism will thus have more of an opportunity to stabilise or reverse levels of atmospheric CO2 preventing the runaway global warming predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in their 2007 report.
The invention has the triple benefits of supplying a quantity of energy equivalent to that derived from petroleum fuel, in a form that provides an exact fit for the existing energy infrastructure whilst creating conditions that enable global warming to be arrested or even reversed.
Prospective areas for cultivating the algae would need to have conditions of sunlight and temperature that were conducive to the growth requirements of the selected species of algae -likely to be species native to that area. Environmental impact assessments would be carried out on each potential site to ensure that overall impact of the cultivation was likely to be environmentally positive.
The underlying -but not exclusive -principle of the invention is to locate plantations in areas of open water that were otheiwise barren or nearly barren lacking only (he natural supply of nutrients to turn them into fertile growth areas. This would ensure that the algal crop was an entirely new source of energy and not one that would be competing with natural plant growth nor threatening any element of the Ibod chain utilised by other species. Indeed the artificial a/gal growth is likely to attract peripheral grazing adding to the biodiversity of the region. A terrestrial analogy would be the imgation of an area of desert where growth of artificial crops would attract some additional resident wildlife without significant displacement of any natural habitats.
Notwithstanding the intention to create plantations in barren or nearly barren areas of ocean, the invention also applies to the farming of more naturally productive areas of the ocean for transportation energy fuels. Specifically this includes harvesting the unnatural algal blooms generated by anthropogenic nutrient supply that contaminate areas of estuanne and open water.
e(Units of energy are measured in Quads -quadrillion Btus or 1015 British thermal units) The invention actively seeks to protect natural algal growths that are an essential element of natural regional Ibod chains where exploitation for energy purposes could have an envimnmentafiy damaging effect on biodiversity in the region.
Laboratory experiments would need to take place under the specific conditions of sunlight and temperature to calculate, in the specific biogeochemica! structure of the local water, the optimum composition and timing of nutrient delivery that will stimulate maximum energy production in the target algal species. These experiments would establish a model of the anticipated growth cycle to be followed in that particular area with that particular species of algae.
Artificial culture of the algae would fake place to provide a seeding crop which would then be evenly sown over the area to be cultivated. This starter culture would include such nutrients as suggested by the laboratory growth model. Sowing the culture could be by aerial deilvery or by surface vesseL The actual growth cycle would be monitored by both remote observation and by an array of floating sensors with daily comparison against the original laboratory growth model to check the health and growing state of the crop. Additional nutrient supplies called up by the growth model would be applied throughout the growth phase with compensating amounts, timing, geographical distribution or nutrient composition being allocated depending upon the feedback received from the monitoring systems.
Nutrient delivery would either be by aerial delivery or by surface vessel.
Because they are targeted specifically at photosynthetic microalgae that reside at or close to the water surface, these nutrients would need to remain at or close to the surface of the water until consumed by the plant crop. This will require slow release mechanisms combined with the ability to float and not sink to the bottom before being absorbed. A series of floating films is the principle nutrient delivery method with the exact composition of each film being the subject of separate patents following experimentation.
Intrinsic to this invention however is the principle of a nutrient enriched biodegradable film providing a slow release, surface delivery mechanism for a customised nutrient cocktail. The film also provides a crop protective mechanism by reducing the chaotic conditions caused by high winds blowing over the surface of the plantation. This film will reduce the surface tension over the whole area of the plantation, prevent the formation of damaging water droplets on the surface and, possibly, reduce the force of wind blowing over the plantation area.
The open sea lends itseff to the efficient harvesting of the mature crop with massive, floating, automated combined harvesting and pre-processing equipment. Swathes of water extending to several kilometres wide can be processed in one pass leading to high levels of productivity when compared to comparable terrestrial harvesting methods. This invention includes the principle of large area harvesting of marine microalgae, phytoplankton and related marine organisms as well as the microscopic life feeding upon them for the purposes of producing feedstock for bio fuels.
The potentially chaotic nature of the open water farming environment when compared to equivalent terrestrial agricultural regions suggest that a more dynamic model of crop rotation is required when contemplating consistent and predicable harvesting of marine algal pastures. A database of specific locations, the temperature profiles, preferred algal species, biogeochemica/ structure of the local water over different periods during the year and the anticipated growth cycles will be accumulated with regions selected for cropping only at optimal times of the year and in favourable climatic forecasts.
Intrinsic to this invention is the use of predictive technology -long tenn and shod term weather forecasts and historical patterns -to decide on which areas to sow, at what times and when to plan to haivest the crop. Predictive technology also includes satellite and aerial imageiy as well as sensors distributed around the plantation area transmitting data on temperature, nutrient levels and other data relating to growth, biogeochemist,y and conditions within the local environment.
Claims (5)
- Claims 1) The planned cultivation of large natural areas of open waterto produce biomass feedstock from marine micmalgae, phytoplankton and related marine organisms as well as the microscopic life feeding upon them as a carbon neutral' replacement for petroleum fuels -principally but not exclusively biodiesel, bioethanol and methane.
- 2) The conditioning of the surface of the plantations described in claim I by the application of nutrient enriched biodegradable films to reduce the disruptive effects of surface chaos within the area of the plantation.
- 3) The composition and delivery of artificial nutrients tailored to wafer conditions within the plantation areas described in claim I that will stimulate algal growth for optimal energy production within the plantation.
- 4) The principle of deploying the specialist equipment required to sow, nurture and haivest the alga! crop grown in the plantations described in claim I.
- 5) The concept of the dynamic farming environment' where technology predicts periods/areas offering stable conditions for optimising algal crop production within the plantations described in claim I.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0705796A GB2447905A (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | Growing algae in open water for use as a biofuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0705796A GB2447905A (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | Growing algae in open water for use as a biofuel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0705796D0 GB0705796D0 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| GB2447905A true GB2447905A (en) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=38024877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0705796A Withdrawn GB2447905A (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2007-03-27 | Growing algae in open water for use as a biofuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2447905A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2460114A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | John Roy Munford | Apparatus for the containment of open water algae plantations |
| CN102431637A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-05-02 | 陈楠生 | Combined biomass energy ocean engineering ship (ocean biochemical energy island) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5596039A (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-21 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk | Cultivation of algae plant and covering material used therein |
| GB2051548A (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1981-01-21 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Structure for growing seaweed |
| JPH10155387A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1998-06-16 | Hiroaki Sugiyama | Marine plant vegetation sheet for shellfish culture |
| NL1016048C2 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-01 | Theodoor Henri Enzlin | Electricity generating process, by burning seaweed grown by hydroculture at sea and returning the combustion gases to the seawater |
| GB2438155A (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-21 | Oliver Frank Dennis Carter | Apparatus for farming algae |
-
2007
- 2007-03-27 GB GB0705796A patent/GB2447905A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5596039A (en) * | 1979-01-18 | 1980-07-21 | Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk | Cultivation of algae plant and covering material used therein |
| GB2051548A (en) * | 1979-06-05 | 1981-01-21 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Structure for growing seaweed |
| JPH10155387A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1998-06-16 | Hiroaki Sugiyama | Marine plant vegetation sheet for shellfish culture |
| NL1016048C2 (en) * | 2000-08-29 | 2002-03-01 | Theodoor Henri Enzlin | Electricity generating process, by burning seaweed grown by hydroculture at sea and returning the combustion gases to the seawater |
| GB2438155A (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-21 | Oliver Frank Dennis Carter | Apparatus for farming algae |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| http://www.co2captureandstorage.info/networks/Biofixation.htm * |
| http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003999.html * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2460114A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2009-11-25 | John Roy Munford | Apparatus for the containment of open water algae plantations |
| CN102431637A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2012-05-02 | 陈楠生 | Combined biomass energy ocean engineering ship (ocean biochemical energy island) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0705796D0 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |