GB2437672A - Electric vehicle comprising rechargeable batteries - Google Patents

Electric vehicle comprising rechargeable batteries Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2437672A
GB2437672A GB0714590A GB0714590A GB2437672A GB 2437672 A GB2437672 A GB 2437672A GB 0714590 A GB0714590 A GB 0714590A GB 0714590 A GB0714590 A GB 0714590A GB 2437672 A GB2437672 A GB 2437672A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
battery
electric
electric vehicle
charging device
charging
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
GB0714590A
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GB2437672B (en
GB0714590D0 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Hoebel
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Clean Mobile AG
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Clean Mobile AG
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Publication of GB2437672A publication Critical patent/GB2437672A/en
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Publication of GB2437672B publication Critical patent/GB2437672B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1407—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle on vehicles not being driven by a motor, e.g. bicycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L11/123—
    • B60L11/1809—
    • B60L11/1881—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/20—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power generated by humans or animals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L8/00—Electric propulsion with power supply from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60L8/003—Converting light into electric energy, e.g. by using photo-voltaic systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0018—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using separate charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
    • B60L2200/12—Bikes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle which is provided with a battery which has two or more battery units (2, 3, 4) which are serially mounted over cell contacts (5) in order to form a voltaic column. An electric motor (11) is fed by the end connections (9) of the voltaic column in order to drive the electric vehicle. Each battery unit (2; 3; 4) is provided with a charging device (6, 7, 8) which is adapted thereto.

Description

<p>Description</p>
<p>Electric vehicle with storage battery The invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular an electric bicycle, an electrically driven trailer, an electric wheelchair or similar vehicles. Such vehicles are provided with a battery which feeds an electric motor for driving the electric vehicle.</p>
<p>The battery is connected to a charging device in the form of a generator. A vehicle of this type is knownfrom DE4I 16899 Al.</p>
<p>A major problem of the vehicle shown in this publication is its poor operating range or its limited operating time respectively.</p>
<p>This problem is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims.</p>
<p>Advantageous further developments are disclosed in the dependent patent claims.</p>
<p>The invention makes use of the fact that the battery often comprises two or more battery units and in particular battery cells. These battery cells are connected in series to form a voltaic pile via cell contacts. A matching electric charging device is provided for each battery unit. S... * S</p>
<p>The battery may comprise battery cells designed as a galvanic cell and in particular as ** a lead-acid battery. In the present context, the term "battery" is understood as a rechargeable energy storage device. In this respect, it may include an electric capacitor. **S.</p>
<p>S S...</p>
<p>* : The invention can therefore be applied to all other accumulators and battery types, such as NiCd, NiMH etc. Lithium polymers are also feasible. The cell voltage of the battery may be lower or higher than that of a lead-acid battery.</p>
<p>The following elements may be combined in combinations of two elements each, resulting in the following contact voltage levels: -potassium -2.9 V -sodium-2.7V -magnesium -1.55 V -aluminium -1.28 V - zinc -0.77 V -iron -0.44 V -cadmium -0.40 V -nickel-0.25V -tin-0.14V -lead-0.13V -hydrogen 0 V -copper+O.34V -silver +0.81 V -mercury +0.86 V -gold+1.38V and any elements in between. The baser the metal, the stronger is its tendency to dissolve and the higher is its negative contact voltage.</p>
<p>In addition to the vehicles listed above, the invention is particularly suitable for application in rickshaws, motorised bicycle trailers and other appliances such as electric lawnmowers and vacuum cleaners. S.</p>
<p>It is expedient if each battery ceull has cell contacts, with a matching charging device provided for each battery cell. * *. * * . * *.</p>
<p>It is particularly useful if the charging devices are designed as fuel cells, for example of the type SFC A50 produced by SFC Smart Fuel Cell in Brunnthal near Munich. ***.</p>
<p>*..: This fuel cell is designed to charge batteries such as lead batteries or lead-gel :*: batteries. The charging devices may also include solar cells.</p>
<p>In hybrid motor vehicles or conventional motor vehicles, the charging devices may be designed as output connections of windings of an alternator driven by an internal combustion engine installed into the electric vehicle. -The invention is based on the knowledge that electric appliances and electric vehicles in particular are expediently operated not with a single battery, but rather with a plurality of batteries, for example with three series-connected 12 V lead batteries, lithium polymer cells or others. In order to ensure the required output, it is often necessary to connect several cells or batteries in series to obtain the required voltage.</p>
<p>The problem posed by this arrangement lies in the fact that series-connected batteries are subject to varying consumption or wear, i.e. that at some point in time a particular battery has less capacity and occasionally a lower voltage than the other batteries.</p>
<p>This problem can be solved by charging the batteries individually as required. For this purpose, three separate charge controllers can be installed.</p>
<p>It is also conceivable to connect the batteries in series for charging, providing a Zener diode as overcharge protection for a battery. This Zener diode ensures that, if the voltage of a battery exceeds, for example, 14.5 volts during the charging process, the battery in question is removed from the charging cycle and only the remaining batteries are charged. The invention favours another approach.</p>
<p>One fuel cell connected in parallel to the terminal posts is, for example, used for each battery. Certain fuel cells include a monitoring function, i.e. if a battery falls below a predetermined voltage, a charging voltage is as it were individually applied to that battery by the fuel cell. This procedure significantly increases the service life of the battery. An important aspect of the invention lies in the fact that it can be applied to a plurality of series-connected NiMH batteries as well as to other types of accumulators .. or batteries. It is important that each individual battery is charged by the fuel cell * S. rather than the entire block or the resulting voltaic pile. The parallel connection provides for the required current intensity EB. * S..</p>
<p>S S...</p>
<p>S *...</p>
<p>* : In practical terms, this means that, if we have 18 battery cells with a voltage of 2 volts each, a fuel cell with an output voltage of 36 V could be used to initiate a charging process with 18 x 2, i.e. 36 volts. This, however, is a comparably poor solution. It is far better for the battery to have 18 outputs, i.e. two terminals for each battery element, and for each battery to be charged individually with 2 volts. When applying this to a commercial car battery with a total of 6 cells with 2 volts each, this battery would have to have 7 outputs to enable each cell to be charged separately. Corre-spondingly, alternators with more output connections would have to be provided as well. This significantly increases the life of the battery. To reduce costs, this principle may also be implemented such that, for example, two or more cells are combined to form a charged battery unit.</p>
<p>As a result, batteries of lower capacity and nevertheless high current intensity can be used than prior art permitted. The vehicle therefore becomes lighter and consumes less energy.</p>
<p>The principle of the invention obviously does not only apply to charging by means of fuel cells, but also to charging by means of solar cells and other charging devices.</p>
<p>The invention relates to electric vehicles and vehicles with hybrid propulsion. In these vehicles, the invention can avoid the problem of the out-of-proportion interrelation between vehicle weight and overall design, building and manufacturing costs on the one hand and battery size on the other hand. In terms of operating range, there are limitations as well, in particular with delivery companies.</p>
<p>In postal deliveries, for example, a fuel cell is an ideal charging device, because the vehicle is frequently stationary in use and does not consume any energy in this state.</p>
<p>In this case, the fuel cell maintains the battery of the vehicle with a power as low as watts or even 5 watts. As the vehicle travels both uphill and downhill, it receives additional energy in its downhill journey as a result of the generator operation of the *.. drive motor. *</p>
<p>The invention uses small fuel cells in a vehicle together with a corresponding number **.* *..: of batteries for buffering. In the stop-and-go traffic to which delivery bicycles are ****** . * commonly subjected, this battery can be charged well even with very little power.</p>
<p>In countries with high solar radiation density, charging by means of solar cells may be provided.</p>
<p>The term "battery" is here used generally for a rechargeable component for the storage and supply of electric energy in a vehicle or another assembly. The invention can be applied to advantage not only to vehicles, but also generally to assemblies in which such batteries are used.</p>
<p>The single figure is a diagrammatic view of a bicycle with a trailer, of which one driven wheel I can be seen. Three 12 V storage batteries 2, 3, 4 connected in series via their cell contacts 5 are located in the trailer.</p>
<p>Each battery is provided with a charging device 6, 7, 8, wherein the positive terminal of each charging device is connected to the positive terminal of the associated battery and the negative terminal of each charging device is connected to the negative terminal of the associated battery.</p>
<p>An electric motor II operated by a switch 10 is connected to the end terminals 9 of the voltaic pile formed by the batteries 2, 3, 4. A pinion 12 mounted on a shaft of the electric motor 11 drives the wheel I via a belt 13 and a pulley 14.</p>
<p>As described above, each of the charging devices 6, 7, 8 is matched to the associated battery 2, 3, 4, charging it individually in an essentially optimum manner. Sensors not illustrated in the drawing are provided to ensure that the batteries are charged in dependence on the driving condition of the vehicle. I...</p>
<p>In a further embodiment not illustrated here, five batteries are provided instead of the *.. three units in order to match an increased power demand of the electric motor 11.</p>
<p>Each of the batteries is provided with its own charging device. The capacity of the batteries may be matched to the charging devices, i.e. if the charging devices produce sufficient power for an average vehicle movement, the batteries only have to store 0 enough energy to cope with additional loads or peak outputs using the energy from the batteries. In individual cases, it may be sufficient to provide electric capacitors as batteries.</p>
<p>The charging devices may be designed as fuel cells.</p>

Claims (1)

  1. <p>Patent Claims 1. Electric vehicle, in particular electric bicycle,
    electrically driven trailer, electric wheelchair or similar vehicles, with a battery comprising two or more battery units (2, 3, 4) connected in series via cell contacts (5) to form a voltaic pile, wherein an electric motor (11) is supplied by end terminals (9) of the voltaic pile to drive the electric vehicle and wherein the battery is connected to a charging device, characterised in that a matching electric charging device (6; 7; 8) is provided for each battery unit (2; 3;4).</p>
    <p>2. Electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that the battery comprises battery cells designed as a galvanic cell.</p>
    <p>3. Electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterised in that each battery cell has cell contacts, a matching charging device being provided for each battery cell.</p>
    <p>"S 4 Electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims,
    , characterised in that * ** the charging devices are designed as fuel cells (6, 7, 8). **S.</p>..CLME: <p>5. Electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, **..</p>
    <p>* characterised in that the charging devices comprise solar cells.</p>
    <p>6. Electric vehicle according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the charging devices are designed as output connections of windings of an alternator driven by an internal combustion engine installed into the electric vehicle.</p>
    <p>7. Electric assembly with a battery comprising two or more battery units connected in series via cell contacts to form a voltaic pile, wherein an electric load is supplied by the end terminals of the voltaic pile and wherein the battery is connected to a charging device, characterised in that a matching electric charging device is provided for each battery unit.</p>
    <p>8. Electric assembly according to claim 7 and according to any of claims 2 to 6. * * * *** * **. S * *SS. * *5 * * * * 0S **.. * S..,</p>
    <p>S</p>
    <p>*SS... S *</p>
GB0714590A 2005-01-26 2007-07-26 Electric vehicle comprising rechargeable batteries Expired - Fee Related GB2437672B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005003724A DE102005003724A1 (en) 2005-01-26 2005-01-26 Vehicle e.g. electric bicycle, has battery with capacitor and battery cells, where each cell includes electrical charging unit, which are formed as fuel cells and as output terminals of electric generator windings, and is charged separately
PCT/DE2006/000112 WO2006079323A2 (en) 2005-01-26 2006-01-25 Electric vehicle comprising rechargeable batteries

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0714590D0 GB0714590D0 (en) 2007-09-12
GB2437672A true GB2437672A (en) 2007-10-31
GB2437672B GB2437672B (en) 2009-01-28

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GB0714590A Expired - Fee Related GB2437672B (en) 2005-01-26 2007-07-26 Electric vehicle comprising rechargeable batteries

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DE (2) DE102005003724A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2437672B (en)
WO (1) WO2006079323A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2943473B1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2012-11-16 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa BATTERY RECHARGING SYSTEM

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4651080A (en) * 1983-12-29 1987-03-17 John A. Draper High efficiency battery charging system
DE19919987A1 (en) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-02 Markus Rippin LED bicycle lamp has photovoltaic energy storage cells and light emitting diodes, where intensity and diameter of diodes is chosen to fit lamp requirements
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WO2006079323A2 (en) 2006-08-03
DE102005003724A1 (en) 2006-07-27

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