GB2432544A - The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams - Google Patents
The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2432544A GB2432544A GB0523889A GB0523889A GB2432544A GB 2432544 A GB2432544 A GB 2432544A GB 0523889 A GB0523889 A GB 0523889A GB 0523889 A GB0523889 A GB 0523889A GB 2432544 A GB2432544 A GB 2432544A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- accordance
- volume
- clay
- particulate
- clays
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005200 wet scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
- B01D53/10—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents
- B01D53/12—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds with dispersed adsorbents according to the "fluidised technique"
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/025—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with wetted adsorbents; Chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
- B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus and method for the treatment of contaminants in a contaminated fluid are described. The apparatus comprises a containment volume through which fluid to be treated can be passed in use; particulate organo/inorgano clay selected to provide a reactive medium for chemically binding with the contaminants; and fluidisation means to cause particulate organo/inorgano clays to form, in use, a fluidised dispersion within the volume in particular by forming a slurry dispersion of the clays and spraying into the volume. In particular, the apparatus may be used for removing volatile organic compounds from contaminated air streams.
Description
<p>APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF</p>
<p>VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</p>
<p>The invention relates to an apparatus and method for environmental control, and in particular provides an apparatus and method for the treatment and removal of contaminant materials in contaminated fluids. The invention is particularly applicable to the removal of low! medium level volatile organic compounds from contaminated air streams, and examples of such use are described herein, but this should not be taken as excluding from the scope of the invention its applicability to the treatment and removal of other organic and inorganic compounds present as contaminant materials in contaminated fluids.</p>
<p>Various existing processes are known which are effective to varying degrees in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from fluid volumes, and in particular volatile organic compounds (VOCs) where they have contaminated air volumes.</p>
<p>For example, the volume may be passed through an absorbent material, various materials serving this purpose. Absorption methods can be of varying effectiveness depending on the materials involved, and absorbent capacities can be limited.</p>
<p>In the alternative, it is know to develop adsorption processes using activated carbon or the like. Such processes can be effective at adsorbing quite high volumes of VOCs, but are nevertheless inclined to be relatively expensive.</p>
<p>Achieving effective mass transfer is an issue, especially with air streams. The requirement this imposes to keep a pressure drop across the adsorbent material relatively low means that for a given volume large areas are required. The process can be expensive, in particular in relation to regeneration of the adsorbent material when contaminated.</p>
<p>In certain cases, bio-filters can be used. However, bio-filtration of necessity requires a relatively steady ambient load. It can not be suitable to a batch process, or to significantly varying or shock loads. Bio-filtering is really only suited to 24 hour operation, for example in relation to waste water treatment plants.</p>
<p>VOCs in industrial wastes, and in particular in contaminated industrial air streams, may be dealt with by wet scrubbing in which the air stream is passed through scrubbing materials such as gas oil, light spindle oil or the like to dissolve the VOCs. Such a process is particularly suited where there is a desire to recover high value VOCs. However, it raises problems of its own, since emissions from the scrubbing liquid can themselves raise environmental concerns.</p>
<p>It has been well established that modified organo/inorgano clays, such as those used for example in the treatment technology operated under the name Envirotreat (RTM), react with a very wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds which are found in contaminated land. These clays in particular chemically react with VOCs through a number of complex bonding processes.</p>
<p>Clays of the type, and operating in the manner described in greater detail in UK patent GB2302685 are particularly relevant in this regard. The various VOCs react in different ways depending upon their structural chemistry, but typically bond to the clays via bonding processes such as Lewis acid/base bonding, Van der Waals bonding, hydrogen bonding, transition metal ligand bonding, and adsorption due to hydrophobicity. VOCs can be removed from contaminated land in this way in that they are locked irreversibly into the structure of the clay.</p>
<p>By analogy, it was suggested in UK patent application number 9715863.8 that such clays could be used to remove VOCs from contaminated air or liquid streams. Clay of the type described is retained within a container, and the contaminated fluid passed there through. However, achieving adequate mass transfer is again a problem, and the technique is in practice of limited applicability for high volumes of fluid to be decontaminated, and in particular for decontamination of high volume, relatively low contaminate level air streams.</p>
<p>All of these prior art methods are limited in some respects, and in particular tend to be limited in relation to the removal of VOCs at relatively low concentration from high volume air flows. Examples of such a situation are provided by the general atmospheric levels of VOCs in a paint spray workshop, a printing plant or the like, where the VOCs might be present to a level of, say, 300 to 400 ppm, and a legislative requirement is imposed to reduce this, say, to below 100 ppm.</p>
<p>It is an object of the present invention to provide an alternative system and method for the treatment of VOC contamination that mitigates some or all of the above disadvantages.</p>
<p>It is a particular preferred object of the invention to provide a system and method which lends itself to the removal of VOCs from contaminated fluids, and in particular from contaminated air streams, where the contaminant is present at relatively low levels, and where high volumes need to be treated.</p>
<p>Thus, in accordance with the invention in a first aspect there is provided an apparatus for the treatment of contaminants, and in particular for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from a contaminated fluid stream such as a contaminated air stream, the apparatus comprising containment means defining a volume through which fluid to be treated can be passed in use, and for example having an inlet there into and an outlet therefrom; particulate organo/inorgano clay selected to provide a reactive medium for chemically binding with the contaminants; means to cause particulate organo/inorgano clays to form, in use, a fluidised dispersion within the volume.</p>
<p>In accordance with the invention, the reactive clay is provided in fine particulate form, for example in powder or granulated form, within the volume. Further, the clay is fluidised within the volume. Fluidising gives an active surface area that maximises mass transfer rates, and is therefore capable of giving the necessary volume flow for practical decontamination processes.</p>
<p>in particular, the reactive clay can then be used at relatively low contamination levels and for high volume flow situations. Fluidising the reactive clay within the container makes use of the clay in a decontamination apparatus much more practical than it was in the apparatus described in UK patent application number 9715863.8.</p>
<p>The apparatus may be adapted to process fluid to be decontaminated either as a continuous or as a batch process.</p>
<p>A fluidised dispersion of reactive clays can be achieved in one of two general ways. In the first alternative, the dispersion is a fluidised solid, and for example makes use of fluidised bed technology. In the second alternative, particulate reactive clay is suspended in a liquid, for example in a slurry, which then dispersed, for example as a spray, mist or the like, to form the fluidised dispersion within the volume.</p>
<p>In the case of the former alternative, the apparatus comprises a fluidiser to cause solid particulate reactive clay to become a fluidised dispersion within the volume in use. The particulate clay is preferably provided in granular form, for example in that at least 80% of the particulates have a mean dimension between 0.5 mm and 5 mm.</p>
<p>In the latter alternative, the apparatus comprises a suspension of particulate reactive clay in a suitable suspension liquid, which may for example be water, and means to form, in use, a dispersed mist within the volume from the slurry.</p>
<p>Optionally, the apparatus may comprise a supply of the suspension liquid, a supply of the particulate reactive clay, and a mixing unit to mix these together within the apparatus to prepare the slurry. The particulates are preferably in powder form, for example in that 80% of the particulates have a mean dimension below 50 jim and for example between 2 jim to 20 jim.</p>
<p>In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus is adapted to be used with a slurry suspension of reactive clays within a suitable liquid, such as water, which is dispersed in use within the volume into which the fluid to be treated is introduced by being dispersed into the form of a mist or the like.</p>
<p>Conveniently, to effect this, the apparatus includes at least one spray nozzle to distribute spray into the contained volume and consequently to create the required fluidised dispersion of particulate clay therein. For example, the means to distribute the spray comprises a venturi apparatus. In a particular preferred embodiment, the apparatus is a low-energy venturi scrubber.</p>
<p>The fluid to be treated is introduced into the volume either on a batch or continuous basis. If the fluid to be treated is a contaminated liquid, the liquid to be treated is conveniently also dispersed therein as a spray. If the apparatus is being used to treat contaminated gas, such as a contaminated air flow, the gas is introduced directly into, and for example cause to pass through, the volume.</p>
<p>Thus, the invention provides an effective and relatively inexpensive way of treating VOCs both in industrial and domestic situations, and in particular of treating high volume air streams contaminated with low value VOCs.</p>
<p>The reactive clays used in accordance with the invention are organo/inorgano clays which are selected to be reactive with the VOCs to be removed from the fluids to be treated, and are selected in particular to provide an effective medium for an irreversible chemical bonding reaction with the VOCs in question.</p>
<p>The reactions which occur between the reactive clays and the VOCs are irreversible and the material created by the bonding process is usually stable and inert. The resultant material can thus be safely disposed of as routine waste. Because the clays being used are relatively inexpensive materials, and because the intended contaminants to be treated are likely to be low level and low value, there is no desire or requirement to recover the VOCs and/or to regenerate the absorbent material as would be the case for example with activated carbon systems.</p>
<p>Preferably, the reactive clays are organoclays, and/ or modified modified to have organophilic properties. In a particular preferred embodiment, the reactive clays and reactions are of the type set out in detail in GB2302685 incorporated herein by reference.</p>
<p>That is to say, the clay is preferably a modified organoclay having organophilic properties and treated by a pillaring agent and a salt of a transition metal in quantities corresponding to no more than 100% stoichiometric exchange of the exchangeable cations of the clay.</p>
<p>As described in the reference, the pillaring agent creates interlamellar spacing sufficient to provide access for larger molecules such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. This is preferably at least 15A (15 x10' m).</p>
<p>The pillaring agent may comprises an aluminium or other metal hydroxide polymer, or transition metal clusters, or appropriate silicon or titanium oxides.</p>
<p>In particular the modified organoclay may be further provided with intercalation additives comprising one or more in combination of an aluminium hydroxide polymer, a quaternary ammonium salt and a salt of a transition metal, such as a ferric salt and for example ferric chloride.</p>
<p>The amount of clay to be used, and the absorption rate which is achievable by the apparatus, will be dependent in part upon the type of pollutants to be removed from the air streams, and on input and desired output contaminant levels. However, clays of the type described in GB2302685 are known to offer exceptionally high absorption rates in theory, for example as high as 1 to 20, and the fluidising apparatus of the present invention allows this theoretically high adsorption rate to be exploited in particularly effective manner.</p>
<p>In accordance with the invention in a further aspect there is provided a method of treatment of contaminated fluid to remove contaminants such as volatile organic compounds therefrom, which method comprises providing a fluidised dispersion of particulate clays selected to bind with the contaminant within a suitable containment volume; causing the fluid to be decontaminated to pass into the volume; removing the fluid with reduced contamination from the volume.</p>
<p>The process may be operated as a batch process, whereby a quantity of fluid to be treated is passed into the containment volume, and simultaneously or sequentially therewith the reactive clay therein is caused to pass into a fluidised state to remove VOCs from the fluid to be treated, and the decontaminated fluid is then removed from the volume. However, more preferably, the process is operated continuously or semi-continuously, in that the clay within the volume is caused to go into a fluidised state, and fluid to be decontaminated is passed on a continuous or semi-continuous basis into the volume by suitable inlet means, and extracted at a reduced contamination level via suitable outlet means.</p>
<p>The fluidised dispersion of reactive clays may be provided within the volume by providing a suitable particulate solid clay volume and causing the same to go into a fluidised state. Alternatively, the fluidised dispersion may be provided by first suspending the particulate clay within a suitable suspension fluid, such as water, to form a slurry and then dispersing the slurry as a spray, mist or the like within the volume.</p>
<p>In particular, the particulate clay is suspended in water and the resultant slurry is dispersed within the volume using a venturi system.</p>
<p>The invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings which illustrates an apparatus embodying the principles of the invention.</p>
<p>Figure 1 is a low-energy venturi scrubber designed to operate using a slurry comprising approximately 300 litres of water and upto 50 kilograms of organo/inorgano clay.</p>
<p>The apparatus comprises a main body (1), a fan (6), a recirculation pump (3), and an additional recirculation pump (4) acting from the bottom of the main body to its top in order to recirculate the slurry as it tends to become solid when left immobile. The fan (6) operates via a mist eliminator (8).</p>
<p>Spray is introduced via the inlet (9) to the venturi (10) which creates the required spray dispersion for operation of the invention. Contaminated air flow is introduced to the system via the ductwork (12), and the spray dispersion of fine particulate clay binds to and effects removal of the volatile organic compounds from the air stream.</p>
Claims (1)
- <p>CLAIMS</p><p>1. An apparatus for the treatment of contaminants in a contaminated fluid, the apparatus comprising containment means defining a volume through which fluid to be treated can be passed in use; particulate organo/inorgano clay selected to provide a reactive medium for chemically binding with the contaminants; fluidisation means to cause particulate organo/inorgano clays to form, in use, a fluidised dispersion within the volume.</p><p>2. An apparatus in accordance with claim 1 wherein the apparatus comprises a fluidiser to cause solid particulate reactive clay to become a fluidised dispersion within the volume in use.</p><p>3. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein the particulate clay is provided in granular form with at least 80% of the particulates having a mean dimension between 0.5 mm and 5 mm 4. An apparatus in accordance with claim I comprising a suspension of particulate reactive clay in a suitable suspension liquid and means to form, in use, a dispersed mist within the volume from the suspension.</p><p>5. An apparatus in accordance with claim 4 comprising a supply of the suspension liquid, a supply of the particulate reactive clay, and a mixing unit to mix these together within the apparatus to prepare a slurry.</p><p>6. An apparatus in accordance with claim 4 or 5 wherein the particulate clay is provided in powder form with 80% of the particulates having a mean dimension below 50 jim and for example between 2 jim to 20 jim. ii</p><p>7. An apparatus in accordance with one of claims 4 to 6 wherein the means to form a dispersed mist comprises at least one spray nozzle to distribute spray into the contained volume and consequently to create the required fluidised dispersion of particulate clay therein.</p><p>8. An apparatus in accordance with claim 7 wherein the spray nozzle comprises a venturi apparatus.</p><p>9. An apparatus in accordance with claim 8 wherein the apparatus is a low-energy venturi scrubber.</p><p>10. An apparatus in accordance with any preceding claim wherein the reactive clays are organo/inorgano clays which are selected to be reactive with the VOCs to be removed from the fluids to be treated to provide an effective medium for an irreversible chemical bonding reaction with the VOCs in question.</p><p>11. An apparatus in accordance with claim 10 wherein the reactive clays comprise modified organoclays having organophilic properties and treated by a pillaring agent and a salt of a transition metal in quantities corresponding to no more than 100% stoichiometric exchange of the exchangeable cations of the clay.</p><p>12. An apparatus in accordance with claim 11 wherein the pillaring agent is such as to create interlamellar spacing of at least 15 xl 0 10m 13. An apparatus in accordance with claim 11 or 12 wherein the pillaring agent is selected from an aluminium or other metal hydroxide polymer, or transition metal clusters, or appropriate silicon or titanium oxides.</p><p>14. An apparatus in accordance with one of claims 11 to 13 wherein the modified organoclay is further provided with intercalation additives comprising one or more in combination of an aluminium hydroxide polymer, a quaternary ammonium salt and a salt of a transition metal, such as a ferric salt and for example ferric chloride.</p><p>15. A method of treatment of contaminated fluid to remove contaminants such as volatile organic compounds therefrom, which method comprises providing a fluidised dispersion of particulate clays selected to bind with the contaminant within a suitable containment volume; causing the fluid to be decontaminated to pass into the volume; removing the fluid with reduced contamination from the volume.</p><p>16. A method in accordance with claim 15 comprising providing a fluidised dispersion by providing a suitable particulate solid clay charge within the volume and causing the same to go into a fluidised state.</p><p>17. A method in accordance with claim 15 comprising providing a fluidised dispersion by first suspending the particulate clay within a suitable suspension fluid to form a slurry and then dispersing the slurry as a spray, mist or the like within the volume.</p><p>18. A method in accordance with claim 17 wherein the particulate clay is suspended in water and the resultant slurry is dispersed within the volume using a venturi system.</p>
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0523889A GB2432544A (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams |
EP06820343A EP1954378A2 (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2006-11-23 | Apparatus and method for the treatment of volatile organic compounds |
PCT/GB2006/004372 WO2007060429A2 (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2006-11-23 | Apparatus and method for the treatment of volatile organic compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0523889A GB2432544A (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0523889D0 GB0523889D0 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
GB2432544A true GB2432544A (en) | 2007-05-30 |
Family
ID=35601092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0523889A Withdrawn GB2432544A (en) | 2005-11-24 | 2005-11-24 | The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1954378A2 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2432544A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007060429A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010003880A1 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-13 | Durtec Gmbh | Mineral gas adsorber for the removal of ozone from exhaust air / exhaust gas, process for their preparation and regeneration |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB866383A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1961-04-26 | Gas Council | Improvements in or relating to selective sorption of organic vapours |
WO1983001205A1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-14 | Radian Corp | Method of removing organic contaminants from aqueous compositions |
US5401417A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-03-28 | University Of Delaware | Selective adsorption of organic material from water by modified clays |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3046233A (en) * | 1957-12-17 | 1962-07-24 | Midland Ross Corp | Treatment of aqueous solutions |
DE2458171A1 (en) * | 1974-12-09 | 1976-06-10 | Tanaka Giken Nagahama Kk | Gas deodorization system - with forcible humidifier and contact tower for powdered recycled activated clay |
US6818043B1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-11-16 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Vapor-phase contaminant removal by injection of fine sorbent slurries |
-
2005
- 2005-11-24 GB GB0523889A patent/GB2432544A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-23 EP EP06820343A patent/EP1954378A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-11-23 WO PCT/GB2006/004372 patent/WO2007060429A2/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB866383A (en) * | 1958-05-27 | 1961-04-26 | Gas Council | Improvements in or relating to selective sorption of organic vapours |
WO1983001205A1 (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-04-14 | Radian Corp | Method of removing organic contaminants from aqueous compositions |
US5401417A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-03-28 | University Of Delaware | Selective adsorption of organic material from water by modified clays |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2007060429A2 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2007060429A3 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
EP1954378A2 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
GB0523889D0 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Wu et al. | Advanced tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater using raw and modified diatomite | |
Tor et al. | Removal of fluoride from water by using granular red mud: batch and column studies | |
Kundu et al. | As (III) removal from aqueous medium in fixed bed using iron oxide-coated cement (IOCC): experimental and modeling studies | |
Theis et al. | Evaluating a new granular iron oxide for removing lead from drinking water | |
Usman et al. | Mathematical modeling of arsenic (V) adsorption onto iron oxyhydroxides in an adsorption-submerged membrane hybrid system | |
CN101522572A (en) | Method for adsorption of fluid contaminants and regeneration of the adsorbent | |
US8657483B2 (en) | Apparatuses for dilute phase impregnation of a milled sorbent with a chemical compound in an aqueous solution | |
Yaneva et al. | Comparative modelling of mono-and dinitrophenols sorption on yellow bentonite from aqueous solutions | |
US20080156734A1 (en) | Apparatus for treating a flow of an aqueous solution containing arsenic | |
Onyango et al. | Adsorption kinetics of arsenic removal from groundwater by iron-modified zeolite | |
CA2543958A1 (en) | Process for reduction of inorganic contaminants from waste streams | |
Cheknane et al. | Modeling of basic green 4 dynamic sorption onto granular organo–inorgano pillared clays (GOICs) in column reactor | |
Rashad et al. | Zinc oxide nanoparticles for adsorption of potassium permanganate from wastewater using shaking method | |
GB2432544A (en) | The use of reactive organo/inorgano clays for the treatment of volatile organic compounds in contaminated air streams | |
Ho et al. | Modeling of mercury desorption from activated carbon at elevated temperatures under fluidized/fixed bed operations | |
Le Cloirec et al. | Engineered biofilms for metal ion removal | |
US11975291B2 (en) | Magnetic adsorbents and methods of their use for removal of contaminants | |
CA2173288A1 (en) | Method to remove organic halogenated molecules from gaseous currents and relative plant | |
Bourneuf et al. | Desorption experiments and modeling of micropollutants on activated carbon in water phase: application to transient concentrations mitigation | |
Cha et al. | Microwave process for removal and destruction of volatile organic compounds | |
KR101050431B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for reducing multiodor using filter bag-based powder catalysts | |
US11911727B2 (en) | Magnetic adsorbents, methods for manufacturing a magnetic adsorbent, and methods of removal of contaminants from fluid streams | |
Inayat et al. | Review of recent progress in wastewater treatment using carbon nanotubes | |
O'Brien et al. | There is an answer to groundwater contamination | |
Boushara et al. | Adsorption of anionic methyl orange dye on hybrid spherical silica in fixed-bed column |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |