GB2424644A - Method of suppressing foam formation during glass manufacture - Google Patents
Method of suppressing foam formation during glass manufacture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2424644A GB2424644A GB0606024A GB0606024A GB2424644A GB 2424644 A GB2424644 A GB 2424644A GB 0606024 A GB0606024 A GB 0606024A GB 0606024 A GB0606024 A GB 0606024A GB 2424644 A GB2424644 A GB 2424644A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- metal compound
- molten glass
- furnace
- supplied
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/193—Stirring devices; Homogenisation using gas, e.g. bubblers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/20—Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/004—Refining agents
Abstract
A method of manufacturing glass comprising supplying batch ingredients to a glass-melting furnace 10, where said ingredients form molten glass 13, supplying a metal compound to the molten glass, thereby reducing or eliminating a foam layer which is liable to develop on the surface of the molten glass as melting occurs, wherein the metal compound includes a metal chosen from the group containing molybdenum, tungsten and zirconium. The metal compound may be supplied in a solution, a slurry, as a vapour, by spraying into the furnace atmosphere directly above the molten glass (preferably using spraying nozzles), by addition to the batch ingredients or by bubbling into the molten glass. The metal compound may be un-reacted, or part of a reaction intermediate or reaction product as it contacts the molten glass.
Description
Improved Method of Manufacturing Glass The present invention relates to an
improved method of manufacturing glass, especially, but not exclusively, flat glass including float glass.
In conventional methods of manufacturing glass, a mixture of raw materials (known as batch) is typically fed to the upstream end of a glass-melting furnace (known as the melting zone which is usually at a temperature of between 1500 C and 1600 C) where conversion into molten glass begins.
Molten glass typically flows into a mid-section of the furnace (known as the refining zone) where it may be at least partially homogenised and refined, before flowing to the downstream end of the furnace, known as the conditioning zone. There may be a narrower Section or waist between the refining zone and the conditioning zone. Further homogenisation of the molten glass generally occurs in the conditioning zone.
The glass-melting furnace used to melt the batch ingredients utilises some amount of overhead firing to melt the batch. The burners used for the overhead firing are typically one of two types: conventional "air- fuel" burners (which burn natural gas along with air which is usually preheated) and burners that are known in the art as "oxy-fuel" burners. An oxy-fuel burner is a burner that either burns commercially supplied or locally manufactured oxygen (typically of high oxygen purity) along with natural gas, or which burns oxygen-enriched air along with natural gas. The burners are generally located in the side walls of the melting zone of a furnace. Air, or oxygen-enriched air, is generally supplied with some level of pre-heat.
As the batch ingredients melt, a layer of foam (i.e. bubbles) forms on the upper surface of the volume of molten glass in the furnace, beginning in the melting zone. If steps are not taken to remove the foam layer during the melting and refining stages of the glass melting process, the bubbles remain in the molten glass and are transferred through to the final glass product. Such a layer of foam occurs with whichever type of burner (described above) is used to melt the batch, however its occurrence is known to be a more acute problem in furnaces that employ oxy-fuel burners.
A further problem with a foam layer on the surface of molten glass is that it effectively acts an insulating shield, reducing the degree of heat transfer from the flames of the overhead burners to the molten glass below (thus reducing the heating efficiency of the burners) and at the same time reflecting heat from the flames of the burners to the surrounding refractory bricks from which the furnace is made, thus reducing the working lifetime of the bricks.
Attempts have been made to reduce the foam layer from the surface of molten glass. For example EP 1 046 618 Al describes a method for melting glass in which at least one metal compound is supplied to the foam layer to diminish or extinguish said foam layer; the metal of the compound being selected from the group consisting of aluminium, titanium, silicon, zinc, magnesium, iron, chromium, cobalt, cerium and calcium. The specific group of metals listed is quite wide-ranging - it includes alkaline earth metals, transition metals and a lanthanide, and would appear to form a substantially comprehensive list of the best performing metals of the periodic table to solve the problem of the foam layer.
Disappointingly however, the metals listed above do not perform as well as may be expected, and a significant layer of foam remains on the surface of molten glass subsequent to its treatment with a metal compound. Furthermore, what appears to be the best performing metal compound according to EP 618, titanium dioxide (to which the majority of the examples are directed), has some serious drawbacks associated with it.
The two alternative precursors for Ti02 (to be formed in the furnace) described in EP 618 are tetrabutyl titanate and titanium tetrachloride. Tetrabutyl titanate is an irritant - inhalation may lead to severe respiratory irritation and absorption through the skin may lead to significant internal injuries. Titanium tetrachloride introduces chloride ions into the furnace, which form hydrogen chloride in the furnace environment. Hydrogen chloride is extremely corrosive and leads to deterioration of the furnace structure.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of manufacturing glass using alternative metal compounds to those already known to reduce or eliminate a foam layer on the surface of the molten glass. The alternative metal compounds preferably perform equally effectively, if not better than, the metal compounds already known for the purpose of foam reduction/elimination, and further improve heat transfer between the flames of the burners used in the furnace and the molten glass below.
It is a further object to use metal compounds which, along with their chemical precursors where appropriate, are environmentally safe, do not have a damaging effect on the furnace and do not lead to problems with further processing of the molten glass.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing glass comprising: supplying batch ingredients to a glassmelting furnace, where said ingredients form molten glass, and supplying a metal compound to the molten glass, thereby reducing or eliminating a foam layer which is liable to develop on the surface of the molten glass as melting occurs, wherein the metal compound includes a metal chosen from the group containing molybdenum, tungsten and zirconium.
The phrase "reducing or eliminating a foam layer which is liable to develop..." includes both the reduction or elimination of a foam layer that has already formed on the surface of the molten glass, and the reduction or elimination of a foam layer that has not yet formed.
The metal compound supplied to the molten glass preferably contacts the uppermost surface of the foam layer, and in doing so, the reduction or elimination of said foam layer may advantageously occur instantaneously, or substantially instantaneously (in under a couple of seconds). Such a rapid interaction of the metal compound with the foam layer may ensure that the foam layer is controlled as soon as possible in the furnace and reduce the risk of any foam remaining on the surface of the molten glass as it progresses through the furnace.
The degree of foam reduction induced by the metal compound is at least 80 % (that is to say, the amount of foam initially present is reduced by 80 %, or the amount of foam that would have formed on the surface of the molten glass is reduced from 100 % to %), although a reduction of at least 85 % or even 90 % may be achieved. It is furthermore possible that there may be a 100 % reduction (i.e. complete elimination) in the amount of foam present on the surface of the molten glass.
The metal compound may be typically supplied to the molten glass in a continuous manner. In doing so, the amount of foam should not develop or redevelop to the extent initially observed, prior to the metal compound being supplied to the molten glass. Alternatively, the metal compound may be supplied to the molten glass in intervals, which may be regular intervals or irregular intervals. If the metal compound is supplied in intervals rather than continuously, the length of an interval between metal compound supply is preferably less than two minutes, further preferably less than one minute and most preferably less than 30 seconds, so as to avoid formation or re-formation of a foam layer. The period of time over which the metal compound is supplied, between intervals of nonsupply, is preferably at least one minute, further preferably two minutes and most preferably three minutes.
Preferably, the metal compound supplied to the molten glass is a mixture of two or more of the metal compounds identified. This may be beneficial, for example if one compound acts to reduce surface tension whilst a second compound acts the increase surface tension.
Different metal compounds may be supplied to the molten glass at different stages along the length of the furnace - one metal compound may be supplied in the melting zone, whilst a different metal compound may be supplied further downstream, for example in the refining zone.
Preferably, the metal compound is supplied to the furnace in a solution. The solution may be aqueous or non-aqueous. Non-aqueous solvents that are suitable for making such a solution include butanol, isopropyl alcohol and ethanol. Alternatively, the metal compound may be supplied to the furnace in a slurry (a liquid-solids mixture), as a vapour, or as a powder. Most preferable is to supply the metal compound as a vapour because it is relatively easy to distribute a vapour over a large surface area.
Typically, the metal compound is supplied to the molten glass (and hence to the foam layer) solely in the melting zone of the furnace.
The metal compound is preferably supplied to the furnace by spraying into the furnace atmosphere directly above the molten glass. One or more spraying nozzles may be employed for this purpose. By spraying directly into the furnace atmosphere, the metal compound may be uniformly distributed over substantially the entire surface area of the molten glass affected by the presence of a foam layer. Typically the one or more spraying nozzles are located at regular intervals along each of the side walls of the furnace, although they can additionally or alternatively be located in the ceiling of the furnace structure. The spraying nozzles usually rely on air or nitrogen to provide the backing pressure to enable the metal compound to be sprayed into the furnace atmosphere, but other gases can be used. The pressures used typically range from 35 to 550 kPa. The air or nitrogen effectively atomises the metal compound to create a substantially uniform gaseous mixture of air or nitrogen molecules and particles of the metal compound.
At the upstream end of the furnace, in the melting zone, the one or more spraying nozzles are each preferably located adjacent to a burner used to melt the batch ingredients (however the one or more spraying nozzles may be located additionally or alternatively downstream of the fired area of the furnace via suitable access points in the furnace superstructure). Location of one or more spraying nozzles in the melting zone means that the metal compound may effectively inhibit the formation of a foam layer in the first instance or drastically reduce the volume of foam present (i.e. by at least 80 %). Location or one or more spraying nozzles adjacent to a burner is beneficial because it is in the region of the burners that formation of the foam layer on the surface of the molten glass occurs.
Further preferably each of said spraying nozzles is located below its corresponding burner such that each is positioned between its burner and the volume of molten glass in the furnace. In such a position, the sprayed metal compound may have maximum effect because it reduces or eliminates the foam layer on the surface of the molten glass in the region where maximum heat transfer from the burner to the molten glass may occur.
In a typical oxy-fuel furnace there may be a total of twelve burners in the melting zone of the furnace - six along each side wall, which are preferably in a staggered configuration. There may also be, therefore, a total of twelve spraying nozzles in the melting zone of the furnace.
The metal compound may alternatively be sprayed into the furnace atmosphere via the combustion air, oxygen or fuel supplies. The nozzles that supply the combustion gases to the furnace for combustion also supply the metal compound, preferably as a vapour, to the furnace atmosphere. Once in the furnace atmosphere, the metal compound may undergo an oxidation reaction to form a metal oxide; this then being the species that contacts the foam layer. Using the air, oxygen or fuel supplies to introduce the metal compound into the furnace atmosphere is advantageous because the distribution of the metal compound may tend more towards being uniform over the entire area of molten glass affected by the foam layer.
Further alternatively, the metal compound may be supplied to the furnace by addition to the batch ingredients. As the batch ingredients are fed to the melting zone of the furnace and begin to melt, the metal compound dissolves in the forming molten glass.
By supplying the metal compound in this way, its effects are felt from the moment the batch ingredients begin to melt and so it is more likely that the foam layer may be prevented from forming at all on the surface of the molten glass.
Still further alternatively, the metal compound may be supplied to the molten glass in the furnace in the form of a vapour by bubbling it into the molten glass via gas supply ports. The gas supply ports (such as "bubblers", which are known in the glass industry) are usually submerged in the molten glass. The gas supply ports may be located in the floor of the furnace or along the side walls. It may be useful to supply the metal compound to the foam layer in this manner because it can be delivered directly to the locations in the molten glass where foam formation occurs.
The metal compound itself may be inorganic. Examples of inorganic compounds include molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl5), molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2), ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH4) 6Mo7O24.xH2O), tungsten trioxide (W03), tungsten chloride (WCI6), ammonium metatungstate ((NH4)6H2W1 2040'xH2O), zirconium dioxide (Zr02) and zirconium tetrachioride (ZrCL1). Use of an ammonium counter-ion is especially beneficial because the ion readily and completely volatilises without having a deleterious effect on the furnace superstructure.
Alternatively, the metal compound may be organic. Examples of organic compounds include zirconium propoxide (Zr(C3H70)4), zirconium t-butoxide (Zr(C4H90)4) and zirconium n-butoxide (Zr(C4H9O)4).
The metal compound, as it supplied to the furnace, may be the chemical species which contacts the foam layer, i.e. once supplied to the furnace, the metal compound does not undergo any reaction, but remains in its original, un-reacted state. However, it is possible that the metal compound may undergo a chemical reaction once supplied into the furnace atmosphere and thus the particular chemical species which contacts the foam layer may be a reaction intermediate or reaction product (of the chemical reaction between the metal compound and other chemical species in the furnace atmosphere).
For a better understanding, the present invention will now be more particularly described by way of non-limiting example with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying Figure which is a schematic plan view of the interior of the upstream end of a glass-melting furnace.
Glass-melting furnace 10 shown in the Figure comprises two side walls 11, upstream end wall 12 and a downstream end wall (not shown), all of which constrain and contain molten glass 13 in furnace 10. Upstream end wall 12 is provided with a batch- feeding port 14, through which batch ingredients 15 are fed into the furnace and into contact with molten glass 13 already present in furnace 10. Batch ingredients 15 dissolve and melt away into molten glass 13, thereby producing yet more molten glass. To aid the melting process, a series of twelve burners 16 are located in side walls 11 of furnace 10; there being six burners 16 located in each side wall 11. The burners 16 may be air-fuel burners, oxy-fuel burners or a combination of both. Heat is transferred from the flames (not shown) of each of burners 16 to batch ingredients 15 and molten glass 13 below.
Furnace 10 is further provided with a series of gas inlets 17 in the floor structure thereof The metal compound of choice, according to the invention, is bubbled into molten glass 13 via gas inlets 17 such that the metal compound is able to effectively reduce or eliminate foam layer 18 which is liable to form on the upper surface of molten glass 13 as batch ingredients 15 melt and gases are released therefrom into the surrounding molten glass.
The effectiveness of the metal compounds of the present invention is demonstrated in the following examples. The percentage reduction in the total foam volume after a metal compound has been supplied to the furnace is measured with respect to the total foam volume when there has been no addition to the molten glass. The examples were conducted in a laboratorysized electric furnace which had its internal "furnace" atmosphere controlled to simulate the steam content of the internal atmosphere of a typical full-sized oxy-fuel furnace. For each of the examples, there is clearly a massive reduction in the total observed foam volume in the period subsequent to addition of the particular metal compound.
Ex. Metal Compound Supplied to Molten Glass % Reduction in Total No. Observed Foam Volume on Surface of Molten Glass 1. Zirconium (IV) propoxide solution 82 2. 0.25 M ZrCL1 in paraffin suspension 80 3. MoO3 powder in N2 flow 92 4. MoO3 powder in paraffin suspension 92 5. 1.0 M MoO3 in paraffin suspension 95 6. 0.5 M MoO3 in paraffin suspension 94 7. 0.1 M MoO3 in dilute HC1 93 8. 0.25 M solution of ammonium heptamolybdate 95 9. 0.5 M W03 in paraffin suspension 95
Claims (17)
- Claims: 1. A method of manufacturing glass comprising supplying batchingredients to a glass-melting furnace, where said ingredients form molten glass, and supplying a metal compound to the molten glass, thereby reducing or eliminating a foam layer which is liable to develop on the surface of the molten glass as melting occurs, wherein the metal compound includes a metal chosen from the group containing molybdenum, tungsten and zirconium.
- 2. A method according to claim I wherein the metal compound is a mixture of two or more of the metal compounds identified.
- 3. A method according to claim I or claim 2 wherein different metal compounds may be supplied to the molten glass at different stages along the length of the furnace.
- 4. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the metal compound is supplied in a solution.
- 5. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the metal compound is supplied in a slurry.
- 6. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the metal compound is supplied as a vapour.
- 7. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the metal compound is supplied to the furnace by spraying into the furnace atmosphere directly above the molten glass.
- 8. A method according to claim 7 wherein one or more spraying nozzles are employed for said spraying.
- 9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the one or more spraying nozzles are each located adjacent to a burner used to melt the batch ingredients.
- 10. A method according to any of claims I to 7 wherein the metal compound is sprayed into the furnace atmosphere via the combustion air, oxygen or fuel supplies.
- 11. A method according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein the metal compound is supplied to the furnace by addition to the batch ingredients.
- 12. A method according to any of claims 1 to 3 or 6 wherein the metal compound is bubbled into the molten glass via gas supply ports.
- 13. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the metal compound is inorganic.
- 14. A method according to any of claims 1 to 12 wherein the metal compound is organic.
- 15. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the metal compound is un- reacted when it contacts the molten glass.
- 16. A method according to any of claims I to 14 wherein the metal compound undergoes a chemical reaction once supplied into the furnace, and a reaction intermediate or reaction product of this reaction contacts the molten glass.
- 17. A method of manufacturing glass substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying Figure.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US66636405P | 2005-03-30 | 2005-03-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0606024D0 GB0606024D0 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
| GB2424644A true GB2424644A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
Family
ID=36384191
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0606024A Withdrawn GB2424644A (en) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-03-28 | Method of suppressing foam formation during glass manufacture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2424644A (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012125665A1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of, and apparatus for, using a glass fluxing agent to reduce foam during melting of glass batch |
| CN104692616A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-10 | 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 | Bubble removal technology for glass total-oxygen kiln |
| FR3025195A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-04 | Kimpe | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COLORED GLASS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| EP2903941A4 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2016-06-08 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| US9492831B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2016-11-15 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| CN107235627A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-10-10 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of composite anti-foaming agent produced suitable for Bottle ＆ Can ware glass |
| US9926219B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2018-03-27 | Johns Manville | Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers |
| US9957184B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2018-05-01 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method |
| US10081565B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2018-09-25 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion |
| US10196294B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-05 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same |
| US10233105B2 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2019-03-19 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters |
| US10246362B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
| US10301208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-28 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
| US10392285B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-27 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass |
| US10472268B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2019-11-12 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for glass manufacturing |
| US11319235B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2022-05-03 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass manufacturing process |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111995226B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2023-02-17 | 秦皇岛玻璃工业研究设计院有限公司 | Heating method of glass batch |
| CN114538752B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-07-21 | 北京正兴鸿业金属材料有限公司 | Total oxygen combustion electric heating system for large-scale float plate glass production |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1046618A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-25 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for melting glass |
| US20010039812A1 (en) * | 2000-01-29 | 2001-11-15 | Hildegard Romer | Process for the melting, refining and homogenizing of glass melts |
-
2006
- 2006-03-28 GB GB0606024A patent/GB2424644A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1046618A1 (en) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-25 | Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. | Method for melting glass |
| US20010039812A1 (en) * | 2000-01-29 | 2001-11-15 | Hildegard Romer | Process for the melting, refining and homogenizing of glass melts |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10081565B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2018-09-25 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for making foamed glass using submerged combustion |
| US10472268B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2019-11-12 | Johns Manville | Systems and methods for glass manufacturing |
| US9492831B2 (en) | 2010-06-17 | 2016-11-15 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| WO2012125665A1 (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-09-20 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Method of, and apparatus for, using a glass fluxing agent to reduce foam during melting of glass batch |
| US9957184B2 (en) | 2011-10-07 | 2018-05-01 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion glass manufacturing system and method |
| US11233484B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2022-01-25 | Johns Manville | Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers |
| US9926219B2 (en) | 2012-07-03 | 2018-03-27 | Johns Manville | Process of using a submerged combustion melter to produce hollow glass fiber or solid glass fiber having entrained bubbles, and burners and systems to make such fibers |
| US11613488B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2023-03-28 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| US10392285B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 | 2019-08-27 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters having an extended treatment zone and methods of producing molten glass |
| EP2903941A4 (en) * | 2012-10-03 | 2016-06-08 | Johns Manville | Methods and systems for destabilizing foam in equipment downstream of a submerged combustion melter |
| FR3025195A1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-04 | Kimpe | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING COLORED GLASS AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
| CN104692616A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-10 | 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 | Bubble removal technology for glass total-oxygen kiln |
| US10246362B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2019-04-02 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
| US10793459B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 | 2020-10-06 | Johns Manville | Effective discharge of exhaust from submerged combustion melters and methods |
| US10301208B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2019-05-28 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
| US11396470B2 (en) | 2016-08-25 | 2022-07-26 | Johns Manville | Continuous flow submerged combustion melter cooling wall panels, submerged combustion melters, and methods of using same |
| US10196294B2 (en) | 2016-09-07 | 2019-02-05 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters, wall structures or panels of same, and methods of using same |
| US10233105B2 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2019-03-19 | Johns Manville | Submerged combustion melters and methods of feeding particulate material into such melters |
| CN107235627B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2022-08-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Composite defoaming agent suitable for production of glass of bottle and jar utensils |
| CN107235627A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-10-10 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of composite anti-foaming agent produced suitable for Bottle ＆ Can ware glass |
| US11319235B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2022-05-03 | Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. | Glass manufacturing process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0606024D0 (en) | 2006-05-03 |
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