GB2423525A - Photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit - Google Patents
Photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2423525A GB2423525A GB0504043A GB0504043A GB2423525A GB 2423525 A GB2423525 A GB 2423525A GB 0504043 A GB0504043 A GB 0504043A GB 0504043 A GB0504043 A GB 0504043A GB 2423525 A GB2423525 A GB 2423525A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- process unit
- photobioreactor
- solvent extraction
- solvent
- biolipids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000019935 photoinhibition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001536303 Botryococcus braunii Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 abstract 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pentane Natural products CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
- C12M1/002—Photo bio reactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/06—Tubular
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/18—Flow directing inserts
- C12M27/20—Baffles; Ribs; Ribbons; Auger vanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/22—Settling tanks; Sedimentation by gravity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
- C12M41/10—Filtering the incident radiation
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit that promotes the growth of biolipid producing biological entities, and then removes said biolipids from the biological entities. It is constructed and operated in a direct hybrid plug flow reactor (PFR) and oscillatory flow reactor (OFR) configuration 4 and 7. The process unit has a side entry contacting pattern/delivery system for the extracting solvent 6 and 8. The extracting solvent is used to remove prized biolipids from the biological entities in the culture mixture. The biolipid and solvent then exit the process unit. The solvent/biolipid mix can then be further treated to ultimately yield biodiesel. The biological entity is exemplified as an algal species, Botryococcus braunii.
Description
Photobioreactor Solvent Extraction Process Unit This invention relates to
a process unit that cultivates phototroph biological entities on large scales; and extracts biolipids from the biomass to be further processed to yield Biodiesel fuel.
Background
Our society is highly dependent on carbon-based fuels.
Unfortunately our current source of these fuels, namely crude oil, is nonrenewable. Fuels derived from renewable sources pose an attractive solution to future energy demands.
Biodiesel is one such renewable carbon based fuel source.
Algae produce biolipids that can be extracted and processed to yield biodiesel. Botryococcus braunii - race A algae is one such biological entity that can be used in such a capacity.
Statement of Invention
This invention solves the problem of cultivating biological entities on a large scale whilst simultaneously extracting the biolipids they produce. These biolipids are used in the production of Biodiesel.
A Plug flow reactor - PFR Photobioreactor is fed with the biological entities and other essential raw materials to promote and encourage their growth. This liquid is essentially a cultivation mixture or soup'. It is bubbled with carbon dioxide gas via side entry contacting patterns. Oxygen gas (02) evolved by the biological entities during photosynthesis is displaced from the PFR via Nitrogen gas pumps that inject nitrogen directly into the PFR. The dimensions of the PFR and flow rates into/out of the PFR are designed so that a sufficient concentration of biomass has been generated within the PFR. This is called the residence time of the reactor. The residence time is designed so enough biological entities are present in the photobioreactor to be passed into the next section of the process unit - the solvent extraction stage.
The solvent extraction stage is essentially an Oscillatory flow reactor OFR in a plug flow reactor - PFR configuration. The solvent to be used to remove the biolipids is introduced via a side entry-contacting pattern. Many different means, such as diaphragm pumps or piston pumping mechanisms within the solvent extracting region of the process unit can produce the oscillatory flow. Baffles within this section will also enhance solvent contacting with the cultivation mixture.
The solvent - for example - hexane - strips' the lipids of f the cells. If the biolipids grow inside the cells; then cell disruption techniques can be employed within the reactor unit to liberate them. The solvent then dissolves the biolipids from the water rich cultivation mixture. The hexane, containing biolipids, is immiscible with water. Thus a two-liquid mixture should result; one composed of water and cells and one composed of hexane, biolipids and cells. Thus this process operates on the principles of solvent extraction.
Further down the length of the OFR, the flow becomes less oscillatory. The reactor is designed to promote laminar liquid flow. This will encourage the formation of a two-liquid mixture as described above.
The hexane, biolipids and cell liquid is then pumped out of the process unit, and ready to be treated further to yield Biodiesel.
Advantages This invention allows industrial scale production of biolipids derived from phototroph biological entities. The invention grows phototroph biological entities and simultaneously extracts the desired biolipids in one single unit operation.
This is advantageous because it reduces the number of process units that would normally be needed to facilitate this procedure.
Fewer units are needed. Each unit has many associated control systems, so fewer units implies fewer costly control systems.
Less control systems means the process is easier to control as well. This in turn reduces costs. This invention also allows high product quality. The cultivation and biolipid extraction operations are carried out insitu'. The chances of contamination are greatly reduced by combining both steps.
Additionally less piping is needed on the plant as well. Again fewer control systems are needed, and less pipe is needed, resulting in lower operating and start up costs.
An example of the invention shall now be described by referring to the accompanying drawings.
* Figure 1 illustrates the general structure and layout of the invention. It shows flow patterns within each of the three sections, which comprise the overall unit. It also highlights how side entry systems are used to deliver various chemicals into the reactor.
* Figure 2 shows an element of the photobioreactor Plug flow reactor (PFR) section, from the side. It illustrates a generic support structure to be used down the length of the invention.
* Figure 3 highlights the Oscillatory flow reactor (OFR) section of the invention. It also illustrates the generic support structure as shown in figure 2. Figure three also shows the side entry contacting mechanism for liquid-liquid extraction and the baffles used to promote turbulent flows.
Figure 1 shows the general structure of the invention.
A variable transparency Tubular/circular cross-section pipe 12 makes up the photobioreactor PFR section. This variable transparency is achieved by light reactive materials or by adjustable screening. It has variable transparency to ensure the incident sunlight 1 is not too intense and thus encourage a phenomenon known as photoinhibition within the phototrophs. The feed to the unit 2 primarily consists of biological entities, water, nutrients required by the biological entities and carbon dioxide gas; this forms a growth culture mixture. The culture mixture flows through the PFR 3, for a designated residence time to concentrate up the biomass. The biomass increases down the length of the invention because the phototrophs grow and divide as they mature. To encourage this growth carbon dioxide gas and nutrients are introduced via a side entry- contacting pattern 13 in strategic locations along the length of the invention. Oxygen gas evolved from photosynthetic activity is removed from the invention by injecting nitrogen gas directly in the culture mixture in a side entry fashion 16.
The whole process unit is supported via a metallic generic support system 14. Metal screws 15 fasten the collar around the process unit.
When the algal biomass has been increased to a commercially viable concentration the PFR section terminates & culture mixture passes directly in to the oscillatory flow reaction section as shown by 4. Oscillatory flow 5 is encouraged and promoted and solvent is introduced by side entry contacting pipes 6.
The solvent is injected into the OFR section.
This occurs along the length of the OFR section via injection pipes - 8 which are fed by the side pipes 6. Turbulent flow is promoted by the presence of Baffles 11. This increases contacting between the solvent 18 and the algae rich culture mixture.
The OFR section does not have to be made of partially transparent material and can be made of a suitable polymer or metal 17.
When sufficient contacting has taken place and the biolipids from the algae have been removed and enter the liquid solvent phase, the OFR section terminates 7 and enters a settling' section 10.
Laminar flow is encouraged within the settling section. The immiscible solvent, containing the biolipids, and culture mixture (water, nutrient and cells) forms two distinct layers that exit the process unit 9.
Claims (5)
- Claims 1. A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit thatpromotes/encourages growth of biological entities that produce biolipids, disrupts biological entities to liberate biolipids and then removes said biolipids via solvent extraction from the biological entities, after the biological entities have reached a desirable concentration.
- 2. A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit according to claim 1 that is constructed and operated in a direct hybrid plug flow reactor (PFR) and oscillatory flow reactor (OFR) configuration.
- 3. A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit according to claims 1 & 2 that has a side entry contacting pattern/delivery system for the extracting solvent.
- 4. A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit as according to claim 1, 2, & 3 that has a variable transparency PFR section to negate the phenomenon of phototroph photoinhibition.
- 5. A photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit as according to claim 4 that incorporates baffles in the OFR section to promote turbulent flow and increase contacting efficiency and has a generic support structure.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0504043A GB2423525A (en) | 2005-02-26 | 2005-02-26 | Photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0504043A GB2423525A (en) | 2005-02-26 | 2005-02-26 | Photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0504043D0 GB0504043D0 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
GB2423525A true GB2423525A (en) | 2006-08-30 |
Family
ID=34430301
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0504043A Pending GB2423525A (en) | 2005-02-26 | 2005-02-26 | Photobioreactor solvent extraction process unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2423525A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009037683A1 (en) * | 2007-09-17 | 2009-03-26 | Seamus Devlin | A system and apparatus for growing cultures |
EP2071007A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-17 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Renewable base oil composition |
FR2938268A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-14 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | MICROORGANISM CULTURE PROCESS, BIOREACTOR FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH BIOREACTOR |
WO2010086589A2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | Steven Skill | Apparatus for treatment of fluid streams and method of conducting the same |
FR2953856A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-17 | Rhodia Operations | Making lipid, useful as biofuel comprises growing photosynthetic microalgae, culturing microalgae in stress conditions inducing overproduction of fat by microalgae and extracting lipid by microalgae followed by storing/recovering lipid |
WO2011117625A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-29 | Cpi Innovation Services Limited | Continuous culture of anaerobic solvent-producing bacteria |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5338673A (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1994-08-16 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for the selective production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from a culture of microalgae of the porphyridium cruentum |
JPH09803A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-07 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | Method for extracting hydrocarbons from minute algae belonging to botryococcus |
JPH09173050A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-07-08 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | Culture of microalgae belonging to green algae |
-
2005
- 2005-02-26 GB GB0504043A patent/GB2423525A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5338673A (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1994-08-16 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for the selective production of polyunsaturated fatty acids from a culture of microalgae of the porphyridium cruentum |
JPH09803A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-07 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | Method for extracting hydrocarbons from minute algae belonging to botryococcus |
JPH09173050A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-07-08 | Chikyu Kankyo Sangyo Gijutsu Kenkyu Kiko | Culture of microalgae belonging to green algae |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Biotechnology Lett, Vol3, 1981, M Minier & G Goma, "Production of ethanol by coupling frementation and solvent extraction", 405-408 * |
Enzyme Microb Technol, Vol 11, 1989, J Frenz et al, "Hydrocarbon recovery by extraction with a biocompatible solvent from free and immobilized cultures of botryococcus braunii", 717-724 * |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009037683A1 (en) * | 2007-09-17 | 2009-03-26 | Seamus Devlin | A system and apparatus for growing cultures |
EP2071007A1 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2009-06-17 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Renewable base oil composition |
FR2938268A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-14 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | MICROORGANISM CULTURE PROCESS, BIOREACTOR FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH BIOREACTOR |
WO2010055219A2 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-05-20 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method for culturing microorganisms, bioreactor for implementing same and method for producing such a bioreactor |
WO2010055219A3 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-10-14 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method for culturing microorganisms, bioreactor for implementing same and method for producing such a bioreactor |
WO2010086589A2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2010-08-05 | Steven Skill | Apparatus for treatment of fluid streams and method of conducting the same |
WO2010086589A3 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2010-09-23 | Steven Skill | Apparatus for treatment of fluid streams and method of conducting the same |
CN102369270A (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2012-03-07 | 史蒂文·斯基尔 | Apparatus for treatment of fluid streams and method of conducting the same |
US9260687B2 (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2016-02-16 | Steven Skill | Apparatus for treatment of fluid streams and method of conducting same |
FR2953856A1 (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-17 | Rhodia Operations | Making lipid, useful as biofuel comprises growing photosynthetic microalgae, culturing microalgae in stress conditions inducing overproduction of fat by microalgae and extracting lipid by microalgae followed by storing/recovering lipid |
WO2011117625A1 (en) * | 2010-03-22 | 2011-09-29 | Cpi Innovation Services Limited | Continuous culture of anaerobic solvent-producing bacteria |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0504043D0 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
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