GB2422665A - Apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of materials - Google Patents
Apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2422665A GB2422665A GB0526259A GB0526259A GB2422665A GB 2422665 A GB2422665 A GB 2422665A GB 0526259 A GB0526259 A GB 0526259A GB 0526259 A GB0526259 A GB 0526259A GB 2422665 A GB2422665 A GB 2422665A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- sorbent
- flow
- sample
- sample chambers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013028 emission testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of samples of materials, comprises at least two sample chambers (5a,5b), each in communication with a receiver (9a,9b) for a sorbent trap (10a,10b), a gas inlet conduit (2) having at least two gas delivery conduits (3a,3b), arranged to deliver gas to respective sample chambers, and at least two gas-flow impedance devices (4a,4b), arranged to control the flow of gas through respective sample chambers and through respective sorbent traps. The gas-flow impedance devices preferably comprise a body of porous material and serve to ensure that the rate of flow of gas is substantially the same through each and every sample chamber, regardless of whether a given sample chamber is in use, with a sorbent trap in place or not, or if different sorbent traps are in use for the different sample chambers.
Description
1 2422665 Apparatus for Testing the Emissions. Content or Permeability of
Materials The present invention is concerned with apparatus for use in materials emissions and/or content testing and/or permeation testing.
Materials emissions testing is a process whereby a sample to be tested is placed in a special chamber and is fed with pure air/gas. The air sweeps over the surface of the sample thereby carrying away organic vapours emitted by the sample. The exhaust air containing the organic vapours is then collected by pumping a fixed volume onto sorbent tube technology. The retained vapours are then subsequently analysed by thermal desorption with GC-MS/FID using standard CEN and ISO procedures. The tested products/materials receive a certificate or label to categorise them according to their emissions.
A disadvantage of the procedure is that it is complicated, subject to many variables, and therefore a majority of certification/labelling schemes require manufacturers to send their samples to an accredited third party lab for certification tests. These sorts of emissions tests are not permitted in-house'. This is, of course, expensive and means that formal certification testing is usually only required to be carried out annually or even tn-annually. However, many regulators and the manufacturers themselves want a more simple, inexpensive, alternative type of emissions test that can be carried out by production quality control laboratories in between formal certification tests to make sure the quality stays uniform. It is also desirable for manufacturers to carry out in-house' tests on prototype materials and products and to.: compare them with materials or products of their competitors.
It is desirable for testing apparatus to include two or more sample chambers, however S it is essential that the impedance across sorbent traps, which are in communication S...
with each sample chamber, do not impact the air flow. It has been known to have * * *.. S... a S S. S
apparatus containing two or more sample tubes, however, individual pumps or needle valves are used to control the flow for each sample chamber; this is both expensive and results in complicated equipment. In addition, the flow has to be corrected for each individual sorbent trap.
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide an apparatus which will alleviate at least some of the disadvantages identified above.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of materials, the apparatus comprising: at least two sample chambers, each being in communication with a sorbent trap receiver; a gas inlet conduit having at least two gas delivery conduits, arranged to deliver gas to respective said sample chambers; and at least two gas-flow impedance devices, arranged to control the flow of gas through respective said sample chambers and through respective sorbent traps disposed in said sorbent trap receivers.
The gas-flow impedance devices preferably serve to ensure that the rate of flow of gas is substantially the same through each and every sample chamber, regardless of whether a given sample chamber is in use, with a sorbent trap in place, or not, or different sorbent traps are connected to different sample chambers: typically therefore, the impedance presented by the impedance device is substantially greater than the total impedance of the path through the impedance device, sample chamber and sorbent trap. Thus, the flow rate through each sample trap will be substantially the same irrespective of the impedance presented by its sorbent trap.
Preferably each gas-flow impedance device comprises a body of porous material and * may conveniently comprise a fit (which usually comprises a scintered disc of metal S or glass material having pores through it). S. *
Instead, the gas-flow impedance may comprise a restrictor tube, that is to say a length: of narrow-bore tubing the length and diameter of which are selected to provide the S...
required impedance to gas-flow. * : : :1: According to a first embodiment of the present invention, the gas-flow impedance device is positioned upstream of its sample chamber, such that the gas flows through the gas delivery conduit, the impedance device and subsequently through the sample chamber and its sorbent trap.
According to a second embodiment of the present invention, the gas-flow impedance device is positioned downstream of the sorbent trap, such the gas flows through the sample chamber, the sorbent trap and subsequently through the impedance device.
Preferably, the apparatus includes three or more gas delivery conduits, three or more sample chambers and three or more sorbent trap receivers. It is, of course, envisaged that the apparatus may include more than three gas delivery conduits, sample chambers and sorbent trap receivers.
It is further envisaged that each sample chamber may be connected to two or more sorbent trap receivers. Advantageously, each sorbent trap receivers may receive sorbent traps having different packings (and therefore different impedances).
It is particularly preferred that the gas-flow impedance device, where this is a fit or other body of porous material, is not positioned in the flow path between the sample chamber and the sorbent trap, as any organic material extracted in the gas from the sample in the sample chamber would contaminate the fit and also may be held by the fit thereby preventing all of the extracted sample from reaching the sorbent trap.
The apparatus may further include heating means arranged to heat or maintain the sample chamber at a predetermined temperature.
S * S **
The sample vessels may be of stainless steel, aluminium, PTFE, glass or some other inert, non-emitting, non-adsorbing material. ***. * S S... *S.S
S S S.
The gas delivery conduits preferably comprise tubing typically having a flow path 1/16 inch x 0.5mm bore. Preferably the tubing is of stainless steel, aluminium, PTFE, glass or some other inert, non-emitting, non adsorbing material Preferably, the sample chambers have polished internal surfaces.
During use of the apparatus, it is particularly preferred that a one-way valve or diffusion locking mechanism is attached to an outlet on the sorbent trap; a suitable diffusion locking mechanism would be the cap disclosed in UK patent GB23 59070.
However, it is, of course, envisaged that other diffusion locking mechanisms may be used in the apparatus according to the present invention. The use of such diffusion locking mechanisms or one-way valves is desirable to substantially prevent air or other gasses flowing back into the sorbent trap.
The present invention will now be described by way of examples only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 is a diagram of an apparatus in accordance with the present invention, for use in testing the emissions, content to permeability of materials; and Figure 2 is a similar diagram of a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure 1.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown an apparatus generally represented by the numeral I and comprising a gas inlet conduit 2 which splits into six gas delivery conduits 3a to 3f. Positioned in the gas delivery conduits 3a to 3f are respective frits 4a to 4f. The gas delivery conduits deliver gas to respective lidded stainless steel sample chambers 5a to Sf having gas inlet ports 6a to 6f and gas outlet ports 7a to 7f.
The sample chambers 5a to Sf are formed in a heated aluminium block 8. The outlet:.:: ports 7a to 7f are connected to sorbent trap receivers 9a to 9f having respective sorbent traps 1 Oa to I Of fitted sealingly therein. S. S
In use of the apparatus 1 for material emissions and/or content testing, a sample to be: analysed is positioned in one or more sample chamber 5a to Sf and sealed therein. A * : : : : flow of air is introduced into the apparatus 1 via inlet conduit 2. The gas diffuses *: : through the delivery conduits 3a to 3f and through the respective fits 4a to 4f. The frits regulate the flow of air such that the rate of flow of gas into the different sample chambers 5a to 5f is substantially the same as each other. Analytes or organic volatiles, if present, are emitted from the samples and the air containing the extracted analytes then passes through the outlets 7a to 7f and into the respective sorbent traps for detection.
In use of the apparatus for permeability testing, a sample of the test material, in generally sheet form, is stretched across the top of a permeation accessory which comprises a well in which a test compound is disposed: the sample of test material is sealed around the perimeter of the permeation accessory and then this placed inside one of the sample chambers 5a to Sf. Clean air/gas is then passed through the sample chambers, as described above: any material emitted by the test compound, and permeating through the sample of test material, is carried by the air flow/gas, into the respective sorbent trap 1 Oa to 1 Of, for detection. The permeability of the sample to the test compound is thus tested.
Referring to Figure 2 where like numerals have been used represent like parts, there is shown an apparatus represented by the numeral 101, which differs from the apparatus 1 of Figure 1, in that the flit 104 is positioned in the gas flow after or downstream of the sorbent trap 110. * . * * .* *** * * S S.
IS S * S * * S. *S.S * 5 S... 5... S S * *5 *
Claims (6)
- I. An apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of materials, the apparatus comprising: at least two sample chambers, each being in comnumication with a sorbent trap receiver; a gas inlet conduit having at least two gas delivery conduits, arranged to deliver gas to respective said sample chambers; and at least two gas-flow impedance devices, arranged to control the flow of gas through respective said sample chambers and though respective sorbent traps disposed in said sorbent trap receivers.
- 2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which each said impedance device comprises a body of porous material.
- 3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which each said impedance device comprises a restrictor tube.
- 4. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, in which said impedance devices are disposed upstream of the respective said sample chambers.
- 5. An apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which said impedance devices are arranged to be disposed downstream of the respective said sorbent traps.
- 6. An apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawingsI * S * * S. SSS * * . S. S. * * . * * .. * S S... S * ** S
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0501928.6A GB0501928D0 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Materials emissions and/or content testing apparatus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0526259D0 GB0526259D0 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| GB2422665A true GB2422665A (en) | 2006-08-02 |
Family
ID=34307706
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0501928.6A Ceased GB0501928D0 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Materials emissions and/or content testing apparatus |
| GB0526259A Withdrawn GB2422665A (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-12-23 | Apparatus for testing the emissions, content or permeability of materials |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0501928.6A Ceased GB0501928D0 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2005-01-31 | Materials emissions and/or content testing apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB0501928D0 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2344653A (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-14 | Markes International Limited | Analysing components of gases or vapours |
| EP1353164A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-15 | Sherwood Scientific Ltd | Sorbate analysis method and apparatus |
| US6649129B1 (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2003-11-18 | Teledyne Tekmar Company | Method and apparatus for concentrating a VOC sample |
| US6667009B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2003-12-23 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for sampling and analysis of reactions by trapping reaction components on a sorbent |
-
2005
- 2005-01-31 GB GBGB0501928.6A patent/GB0501928D0/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-12-23 GB GB0526259A patent/GB2422665A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6649129B1 (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2003-11-18 | Teledyne Tekmar Company | Method and apparatus for concentrating a VOC sample |
| US6667009B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2003-12-23 | Symyx Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for sampling and analysis of reactions by trapping reaction components on a sorbent |
| GB2344653A (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-14 | Markes International Limited | Analysing components of gases or vapours |
| EP1353164A1 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-15 | Sherwood Scientific Ltd | Sorbate analysis method and apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0501928D0 (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| GB0526259D0 (en) | 2006-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |