GB2420783A - Marker gel for reducing or eliminating cross contamination - Google Patents
Marker gel for reducing or eliminating cross contamination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2420783A GB2420783A GB0522107A GB0522107A GB2420783A GB 2420783 A GB2420783 A GB 2420783A GB 0522107 A GB0522107 A GB 0522107A GB 0522107 A GB0522107 A GB 0522107A GB 2420783 A GB2420783 A GB 2420783A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- reducing
- contamination
- eliminating cross
- miscible
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000002847 Surgical Wound Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013312 nursing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000185 1,3-diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OADSZWXMXIWZSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromo-2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)(Br)[N+]([O-])=O OADSZWXMXIWZSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGUMVDWOQQJBGA-VAWYXSNFSA-N 5-[(4-anilino-6-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-[(e)-2-[4-[(4-anilino-6-morpholin-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2-sulfophenyl]ethenyl]benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C=1C=C(\C=C\C=2C(=CC(NC=3N=C(N=C(NC=4C=CC=CC=4)N=3)N3CCOCC3)=CC=2)S(O)(=O)=O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=1NC(N=C(N=1)N2CCOCC2)=NC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 YGUMVDWOQQJBGA-VAWYXSNFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000891 luminescent agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950011392 sorbitan stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000723 toxicological property Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012384 transportation and delivery Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/44—Medicaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/58—Adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0097—Dye preparations of special physical nature; Tablets, films, extrusion, microcapsules, sheets, pads, bags with dyes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/40—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a specific therapeutic activity or mode of action
- A61L2300/442—Colorants, dyes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
A transparent, water-miscible, biocompatible gel includes a UV fluorescent dye. The gel may comprise a petroleum jelly, a preservative, a filler and an emulsifier. The gel is sufficiently adhesive to remain on a surface but not so adhesive that it cannot be transferred from surface to surface. In use the gel is applied on or near to any surface that poses a potential infection risk, eg. a surgical incision or a wound dressing. The gel will subsequently be transferred to any surface coming in contact with that infection risk and acts as a marker advertising that the said surface may be cross-contaminated. Cleaning the surface will wash away the gel.
Description
A METHOD AND MEANS FOR REDUCING OR ELIMINATING
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method and means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination.
In any situation where contamination with micro-organisms is a problem, such as is experienced in hospitals (or in any environment in which patients are treated), cross-contamination from patient-to- patient is a major daily risk.
The risks associated with cross-contamination are traditionally managed by the training of hospital staff in the appropriate "best clinical practice" procedures. All staff involved in the care (either directly or indirectly) of patients must be trained in these procedures.
However, the quality of training and audit of these procedures are monitored only infrequently. Similarly, the compliance of staff undertaking these procedures has been shown in many surveys to be very poor. As a direct consequence of the poor compliance of staff with performing these simple hygiene (hand-washing/barrier nursing) procedures, the incidence of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAl's) is now at an alltime high, with a reported 10,000 deaths associated with HAl's between 2003 and 2004 in England alone.
There are two principal reasons why taught hygiene (hand- washing/barrier nursing) techniques are largely ineffective. Firstly, the compliance of clinical staff with the procedures themselves is typically very poor, frequently due to perceived pressure-of-work issues. Secondly, the micro-organisms are themselves invisible, If they were to be visible, then the clinician and patient would be so aware of their presence that hygiene procedures would be implemented automatically.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of reducing or eliminating cross-contamination and an improved means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of reducing or eliminating cross-contamination that includes the use of a water-miscible gel that contains a marker dye and is transferable from surface to surface.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination that comprises a water-miscible gel that contains a marker dye and is transferable from surface to surface.
The water-miscible gel can be manufactured in two alternative formats:The first format is a biocompatible water-miscible transparent sterile gel, which can be placed adjacent to, or upon, any potential source of infection on a patient, for example, a surgical wound or dressing. The gel may alternatively be incorporated in a surgical dressing.
The gel will then act as a "Parallel Contamination Indicator, or "P.C.l.", whereby it will travel in parallel with the micro-organisms to any surface to which they are transferred by any person who has touched the source of infection on the patient.
Being water-miscible, the gel is washed from the hands and other surfaces in much the same way as the micro-organisms it accompanies. The gel has two specific features: 1. It incorporates a highly specific marker dye, invisible under ambient light, but which glows blue when exposed to sources of ultra violet (U-V) light. The selected marker dye is bio-compatible, and therefore does not possess any known adverse toxicological properties (which would otherwise render it inappropriate for in vivo use).
2. The ability of the gel to be transferred from one surface to another has been developed utilising a specific test assay, the Adhesion Transfer Index (A.T.l.). The gel formulation has been continuously refined to ensure that it will transfer from a minimum of each of five (5) sequentially contaminated surfaces, equivalent therefore to a minimum A.T.I. of five (5).
Hence, after dressing a wound (or other identified source of potential infection), the gel will transfer to the hands (or gloves) of the nurse, doctor, or auxiliary, and will subsequently continue to be transferred to any surface touched by the clinical member of staff, including items such as pens, spectacles, patient's notes etc. As soon as the clinical procedure is complete, the nurse, doctor, or auxiliary will effectively audit the efficacy of their hygiene procedures (hand-washing/barrier nursing technique) by standing before a specially designed mirrored U-V light source, located in the nursing station/intensive care/high dependency unit.
Any residual gel which remains upon the operator's person, including their hands/uniform/spectacles/pen etc, will glow visibly under the U-V light source, indicating that hygiene procedures have not been effective and require to be repeated before the operator continues to contact further patients, or other members of staff.
Thus, clinical staff, their peers, and indeed patients, can visually audit (and, where required, the operator can immediately repeat and correct) the effectiveness (or otherwise) of hygiene procedures.
The U-V light source preferably comprises a box containing a one-way mirror system behind which there are U-V light sources such that, when a member of the hospital staff or other person looks at the mirror, they will be able to identify the location of any cross- contaminant present on their body, clothing or the like.
The water-miscible gel preferably contains petroleum jelly, in order to obtain the required degree of adhesion, a preservative, a filler and an emulsifier.
The water-miscible gel is preferably made sterile by being submitted to gamma radiation.
The second, water-miscible gel formulation is non-sterile, but preferably contains the identical "invisible" marker dye and possesses the same A.T. I. properties as the sterile version. This formulation is designed for use as a training aid for all clinical staff when learning, and subsequently auditing, effective wound dressing/hand- washing/barrier nursing techniques.
A preferred formulation for the sterile gel is as follows:- petroleum jelly - and the greater the proportion of petroleum jelly, the greater the degree of adhesion of the gel, castor oil and/or lanolin and/or mineral oil - to act as lubricating agents, beeswax - which acts as a bulking agent or filler, ozokerite - which is a mineral filler, propylparaben - a preservative, sorbitan stearate - an emulsifier, a luminescent agent, and an optical marker - the preferred material being that sold under the Registered Trade Mark "TINOPAL" by Ciba-Geigy.
As mentioned above, this formulation is made sterile by submitting it to gamma radiation.
A possible formulation for the non-sterile composition is as follows:distilled water - 98% by weight, hydroxyethyl cellulose - 0.1 % by weight, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane...1,3 diol - a preservative - 0.05% by weight, and the optical marker referred to above - the balance.
Another possible formulation for the non-sterile composition is as for the sterile formulation, but without being subjected to gamma radiation.
The procedure described above will provide a method of implementing and auditing enhanced clinical practice and more effective clinical auditing/quality control of the management of Hospital Acquired Infections (which have become a major clinical and economic problem associated with the delivery of healthcare throughout the world).
Claims (10)
- Claims:- 1. A method of reducing or eliminating cross-contamination thatincludes the use of a water-miscible gel that contains a marker dye and is transferable from surface to surface.
- 2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the marker dye responds to ultra violet light.
- 3. A method as claimed in Claim I or Claim 2, in which the gel is placed on or adjacent a potential source of infection.
- 4. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the gel is incorporated in a wound dressing.
- 5. A method of reducing or eliminating cross-contamination substantially as hereinbefore described.
- 6. Means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination that comprises a water-miscible gel that contains a marker dye and is transferable from surface to surface.
- 7. Means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination as claimed in Claim 6, in which the gel is a biocompatible water-miscible transparent sterile gel, which can be placed adjacent to, or upon, any potential source of infection on a patient.
- 8. Means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination as claimed in Claim 6, in which the gel is incorporatred in a wound dressing.
- 9. Means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination as claimed in any one of Claims 6 to 8, in which the marker dye is invisible under ambient light, but glows blue when exposed to sources of ultra violet (U- V) light.
- 10. Means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0424006.5A GB0424006D0 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | A biological parallel contamination indicator |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0522107D0 GB0522107D0 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| GB2420783A true GB2420783A (en) | 2006-06-07 |
| GB2420783B GB2420783B (en) | 2009-08-12 |
Family
ID=33515745
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0424006.5A Ceased GB0424006D0 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | A biological parallel contamination indicator |
| GB0522107A Expired - Fee Related GB2420783B (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2005-10-31 | A method and means for reducing or eliminating cross-contamination |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB0424006.5A Ceased GB0424006D0 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2004-10-29 | A biological parallel contamination indicator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB0424006D0 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009087047A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Unilever Plc | Hand washing assessment method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB696608A (en) * | 1950-05-24 | 1953-09-02 | Irving Leonard Ochs | Hydrous gels for therapeutic purposes |
| DE4316524A1 (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-11-24 | Rtl Plus Deutschland Fernsehen | Flowable, highly transparent, intensely coloured hydrogels which are soluble in cold water |
| US5405622A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-04-11 | Vernice; Joseph | Gamma radiation resistant lubricating gel |
| US5473005A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-12-05 | Borden, Inc. | Thixotropic adhesive gel |
| US6146725A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-11-14 | Code; Kenneth Reay | Absorbent composition |
-
2004
- 2004-10-29 GB GBGB0424006.5A patent/GB0424006D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-10-31 GB GB0522107A patent/GB2420783B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB696608A (en) * | 1950-05-24 | 1953-09-02 | Irving Leonard Ochs | Hydrous gels for therapeutic purposes |
| US5473005A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-12-05 | Borden, Inc. | Thixotropic adhesive gel |
| DE4316524A1 (en) * | 1993-05-18 | 1994-11-24 | Rtl Plus Deutschland Fernsehen | Flowable, highly transparent, intensely coloured hydrogels which are soluble in cold water |
| US5405622A (en) * | 1993-12-22 | 1995-04-11 | Vernice; Joseph | Gamma radiation resistant lubricating gel |
| US6146725A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2000-11-14 | Code; Kenneth Reay | Absorbent composition |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009087047A1 (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-16 | Unilever Plc | Hand washing assessment method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2420783B (en) | 2009-08-12 |
| GB0424006D0 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| GB0522107D0 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20131031 |