GB2414742A - Method and device for remelting metal surfaces - Google Patents
Method and device for remelting metal surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2414742A GB2414742A GB0510896A GB0510896A GB2414742A GB 2414742 A GB2414742 A GB 2414742A GB 0510896 A GB0510896 A GB 0510896A GB 0510896 A GB0510896 A GB 0510896A GB 2414742 A GB2414742 A GB 2414742A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- plasma jet
- pressure
- jet
- carrier gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 AIN Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F3/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by special physical methods, e.g. treatment with neutrons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/30—Plasma torches using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
A method of remelting a surface of a metallic component such as the regions of valve webs or valve seats in a light metal cylinder head in order to refine and harden involves melting a restricted area using a plasma jet having a pressure greater than atmospheric which has been produced by microwave action on a carrier gas such as air or at least one of helium, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, H2O, methane or ethane. A solid or liquid component such as a ceramic powder, a metallo-organic solution or a metal salt solution can be fed into the plasma jet which form solid particles in the remelted layer. A device for performing this method comprises a magnetron 13, a resonator 5 into which carrier gas fed under pressure is convened into a plasma by microwave action, and a nozzle for issuing the plasma as a jet at a pressure above 0.1 MPa.
Description
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMELTING METAL SURFACES
The present invention relates to a method and device for remelting metallic surfaces.
Alloy remelting represents a method, which is known for metallic materials, of increasing surface hardness, strength or toughness. The change in material characteristics is based on transformations in structure produced by remelting and quenching processes. Rapid hardening of the remelted surface layer is accompanied by structural transformation, for example grain refining, or the formation of metastable phases. In that case it is frequently only necessary to treat the surface layer in locally limited areas of the workplace and not change the basic material outside these functional areas.
It is known from CH 664 579 AS to use a plasma welding appliance in a method for remelting metallic surfaces by the action of a plasma jet.
Different high-power radiation methods, such as, for example, laser remelting, are known for treatment of the surface layer of a workpiece. The laser remelting method is subject to high capital and operating costs.
Plasma jet methods are also known. Plasma jet methods are typically highpower fine jet methods with the disadvantage of low jet quality and low power density. In this connection it is also disadvantageous that the possibility of selection of plasma gas is very limited.
Merely gases or gas mixtures of Ar, H2 and N2 propagate. Regulation of the gas feed and the current can be carried out only with a delay due to the system inertia; in the best case, the delay in the case of plasma jet methods amounts to a few seconds.
Not only in the laser remelting method, but also in the plasma jet method there is remelting of, for example, a local region of the workplace surface of only a few Am to mm thickness.
Such alloy remelting methods do not, however, satisfy the increasing demands of mass production of components of larger dimensions. Directed alloy remelting methods of workplaces or components, which are placed under thermomechanical load (TIFF Thermal-Mechanical Fatigue), have increasing significance particularly in the automobile industry, especially for increase in strength and toughness, in order to take the place of expensive coating methods. This applies to, for example, valve webs and/or valve seats of light metal cylinder heads.
For example, a method of manufacturing a cylinder head from a cast aluminium alloy for an internal combustion engine is known from DE 3605519 A1, in which the surface of the aluminium alloy is remelted by directing energy of high power density, for example, a tungsten inert gas arc or laser energy and rapidly cooled back to hardened state. Plasma arcs and electron beams are mentioned as further energy sources.
The stated methods have the disadvantage that the energy sources employed allow only low power densities or considerable equipment cost has to be deployed for high power densities. This is disadvantageous for mass production of components to be remelted, since this is connected with high process times and costs. In addition, focussing and stabilising of conventional plasma jets is problematic in the case of high plasma energy densities. Current methods with plasma jets are pure surface methods and unsuitable for remelting deeper regions under the surface.
There is therefore a need for a method and device for remelting metallic surfaces of components which, relative to known remelting methods, has higher energy densities on the metal surface so as to enable shorter process times.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a method for remelting metallic surfaces by action of a stable high-pressure plasma jet, wherein the surface is remelted in locally limited areas and has a structural refinement after hardening, characterized in that the plasma jet is produced by microwave action on a carrier gas and the pressure of the high-pressure plasma jet lies above atmospheric pressure.
This method has the advantage that a high energy density or power density of the jet on the surface of the component can be achieved.
The high power density is based on, in particular, the high pressure or high density of the plasma gas. The number of energy-transferring gas atoms, or molecules per volume unit, is increased by the density. The pressure of the plasma jet, at least at a nozzle outlet opening can be above 0.1 MPa, preferably in the region of 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, especially preferably in a region of 0.15 to O.4 MPa Abet pressure which is too nigh can be achieves only with difficulty in terms of equipment. Equally, a pressure which is too high leads to undesired blasting of the remelted surface.
A further advantageous effect of the high-pressure method is that the feed of the microwave energy into the carrier gas can take place with high thermal efficiency. The pressure in the microwave device which is used, especially a microwave resonator, preferably lies at 0.1 to 0.8 MPa.
A further advantage is that only a few limits are placed on the selection of carrier gases forming the plasma jet. In making the selection a distinction is to be made between inert gases and reactive gases, which depending on the respective application can also be employed in combination in suitable manner. Preferred carrier gases are the gases Ar, He, N2, H2, 02, CO2, H2O, CH4 and/or C2H6, which can be present in pure form or in different gas mixtures with one another.
In a preferred example, air is used as the carrier gas.
If merely a pure remelting process is desired, then an inert gas, especially Ar, is preferred as the carrier gas.
If reactive gases, for example 02, N2 or H2O, are used, a partial conversion of the light metal with the reactive gas takes place at the surface. Light metal oxides, or nitrides, are thereby formed, for example Al2O3 or AIN. These ceramic reaction products are absorbed into the remelted surface layer and produce an advantageous dispersion strengthening.
A further advantage of the method is that a comparatively stable plasma jet is used, which can be directed accurately targeted onto the surface of the component to be treated.
Moreover, it is possible to geometrically change the plasma jet in gasdynamic manner, for example fan or focus it.
In a preferred variant a threadlike plasma jet with a length above 5 cm is used. In a particularly preferred variant the plasma jet has a diameter in the region of 0.5 to 5 cm and a length in the region of 10 to 40 cm.
Different remelting temperatures and/or different cooling temperatures of the melt can be achieved, for a given power of the plasma torch, by variation in the plasma jet diameter and the speed at which the plasma jet is guided over the surface.
The method for remelting metallic surfaces is particularly of advantage in application to components of light metal alloys, such as common aluminium alloys. Cylinder heads, in particular, are suitable components able to be processed by the method.
If usual aluminium alloys are used, the energy fed by means of the plasma jet is preferably set so that a rate of cooling in the region of 20 to 110 Klsec is achieved.
With cylinder heads of aluminium alloy the remelting is preferably then set so that a structure in the T7 state is formed. The rest of the cylinder head typically has a TO structure.
The remelted surface layer preferably has a thickness, or depth, in the region of a few 100 microns to a few millimetres. Preferably a thickness is set which lies in the region of 0.1 to 1.5 mm. However, by virtue of the method using a high-pressure plasma jet it is also possible to set substantially thicker layers without significant additional effort, for example in the region of several millimetres. This can be of advantage if, for example, after the remelting it is necessary to reprocess selected areas of the surface by cuffing, without the remelted material layer being completely lost.
The plasma jet preferably has a comparatively high power density so that short processing times can be realised. The surface can be thus treated by a plasma jet of a power density in the range of 6 to 20 kW/cm2, wherein the jet is moved over the surface at a speed of 2 to 4 mm/sec. Alternatively, the plasma jet can have a power density in the range of 20 to kW/cm2 and be moved over the surface at a speed of 2 to 10 mm/sec.
In a further advantageous example, solid or liquid components are fed to the plasma jet near a nozzle outlet opening. This can take place not only in front of, but also after the nozzle opening. In that case attention is to be given in constructional respects to substantially excluding mixing back of the supplied components in the gas space of the resonator.
In a first variant of this example the solid components are formed by ceramic powder.
These particles are preferably nano-structured, thus essentially have particle sizes below about 1 Am, particularly below about 500 nm. The ceramic particles are introduced into the remelted surface layer by the plasma jet and dispersed in the melt layer. A dispersion reinforcement of the metal layer thereby takes place. By means of the nano-structured particles there is achieved, in particular, an increase in vibration strength under thermomechanical loading of the local surface area. The increase in vibration strength is based not only on the dispersion reinforcement of the local area of the surface layer by the finely distributed, nano-structured particles, but also on the dependence of the yield point of the grain refining (Hall-Patch relationship) produced by the remelting.
Preferred ceramic particles are oxides, such as Al2O3, or nitrides, such as AIN, Si3N4, and/or carbides, such as SiC.
The feed of solid or fluid components to the plasma jet is preferably by means of an annular nozzle. The use of an annular nozzle leads to homogenization of the nano- structured particles not only in the plasma jet, but also in the remelted surface layer of the metallic workpiece.
The feed of the liquid components can be carried out in analogous manner. Preferred liquid components are solutions of metal salts, for example metal hydroxides, or metal carboxylic acid salts, or solutions of metalloorganic compounds, for example silanes, carbosilanes or metal chelate compounds. The liquid components break down under the conditions of the plasma jet to form corresponding metal oxides, metal nitrides or metal carbides. These act in analogous manner to the supplied ceramic particles. The particles fed by way of breaking down of the liquid components are, in general, obtainable in significantly finer state than those by way of feed of the solid components.
A further aspect of the invention relates to use of the remelting method by high-pressure plasma radiation on components of light metal alloy. A preferred use is remelting of surface layers of cylinder heads, particularly in the valve web region and/or valve seat region.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a device for producing a r. gh-,cressure plasma jet, termed plasma torch in the followings. by means of microwave energy, comprising a gas feed, means for generating a plasma and an outlet nozzle for a plasma jet, wherein the plasma generating means comprises a device for producing a directed high-pressure plasma jet, comprising a magnetron and a resonator, in which a carrier gas fed under pressure is converted into a plasma by action of microwaves, and an outlet nozzle for issuing the plasma as a jet at a pressure above 0.1 MPa.
An example of the method and an embodiment of the device according to the invention will now be more particularly described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a device, embodying the invention, for producing a plasma jet; and Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating use of the jet in performance of a method exemplifying the invention.
Referring now to the drawings there is shown in Fig. 1 a plasma torch comprising a non- contact plunger 1, an aperture 2, a nozzle 3, a check window 4, a resonator 5, a sight glass 6, a gas feed 7, a glass holder 8, a directed high-pressure plasma jet 9, a water load 10, a circulator 11, a frequency tuner 12 and a magnetron 13. Fig. 2 shows use of the torch for a remelting process, with a remelted surface layer 11, a metallic surface of a component 21, a feed device 31, fed particles 41 and a plasma jet 51.
In the plasma torch for producing the directed high-pressure plasma jet 9 or 51 the carrier gas is fed by means of a gas feed 7. The gas is in that case disposed under an over- pressure at least during the feed of microwave energy. A pressure above 0. 1 MPa, especially in the region of 0.2 to 0.8 MPa, is preferably used. The microwave energy is generated in a magnetron 13 and acts in the resonator 5 on the carrier gas. Usual frequencies lie at 0.95 to 12 GHz. Particularly preferred is 2.45 GHz. The power of the magnetron is oriented particularly towards the desired power density of the plasma jet.
Typical values lie in the range of 1 to 20 kW.
The microwaves are conducted by way of a waveguide system to the resonator 5 and generate the plasma by resonant coupling. The generated plasma exits under pressure by way of the nozle 3 and aperture 2 and forms a stable plasma jet 9. The nozle can have an expansion in jet direction for fanlike widening of the jet.
The plasma jet is preferably further stabilised by spin-stabilisation of the working gas.
Very focused jet geometries are thereby possible, for example threadlike high-pressure plasma jets.
In a further embodiment of the plasma torch stabilising means can be provided to magneto-hydrodynamically stabilise the highly ionised plasma. For this purpose, for example, electromagnetic apertures are provided in the exit region of the plasma jet.
By comparison with known torches employing laser energy or arcs, for remelting surfaces, a torch embodying the invention is distinguished, by virtue of its microwave energy source, by a high service life and operating reliability.
In a further embodiment of the plasma torch feed devices 31 are provided by which liquid or solid components can be fed into the plasma jet. The feed of solid particles 41 into the plasma jet 9 near the plasma cone on the surface 21 to be remelted is schematically depicted in Fig. 2.
In a further advantageous form of the feed device an annular nozle is provided around the plasma jet. The plasma jet and the particle jet or liquid jet in that case preferably extend concentrically with respect to one another.
Claims (19)
1. A method of remelting a metallic surface of a component to produce structural refinement after hardening, comprising the step of melting the surface in a locally limited area by the action of a stable high-pressure plasma jet which is produced by microwave action on a carrier gas and has a pressure above atmospheric pressure.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 MPa.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the carrier gas comprises at least one of He, Ar, N2, H2, 02, CO2, H2O, CH4 and C2H6.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the carrier gas is air.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plasma jet has a length of more than 5 centimetres.
6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plasma jet is fan-shaped.
7. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the step of feeding solid or liquid components to the plasma jet in the region of a point of issue of the jet from a nozzle.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the solid components comprise ceramic powder.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the liquid components comprise a metallo-organic solution or metal salt solution.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, wherein the solid or liquid components in the remelted layer form solid particles substantially consisting of Al2O3, AIN, MgO, SiC and/or Si3N4.
11. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plasma jet has a power density in the range of 6 to 20 kW/cm2 and is moved over the surface at a speed of 2 to 4 mm/sec.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the plasma jet has a power density in the region of 20 to 60 kW/cm2 and is moved over the surface at a speed of 3 to 10 mm/sec.
13. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metallic surface comprises a light metal alloy.
14. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the metallic surface is disposed in the region of valve webs or valve seats of a light metal cylinder head.
15. A device for producing a directed high-pressure plasma jet, comprising a magnetron and a resonator, in which a carrier gas fed under pressure is converted into a plasma by action of microwaves, and an outlet nozle for issuing the plasma as a jet at a pressure above 0.1 MPa.
16. A device as claimed in claim 15, wherein the pressure of the gas in the resonator is 0.2 to 0.8 MPa.
17. A device as claimed in claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the microwave power in the resonator is 0.8 to 20 kW.
18. A device as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, comprising feed means for solid or liquid components in the vicinity of the nozle.
19. A device as claimed In claim 18, the feed means comprising an annular nozle disposed to surround the plasma jet when issuing from the outlet nozle.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004026636A DE102004026636B3 (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2004-06-01 | Plasma jet process to modify the surface of a metal component by exposure to high-pressure jet in the presence of a carrier gas |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0510896D0 GB0510896D0 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
| GB2414742A true GB2414742A (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| GB2414742B GB2414742B (en) | 2006-08-02 |
Family
ID=34684132
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0510896A Expired - Fee Related GB2414742B (en) | 2004-06-01 | 2005-05-27 | Method and device for remelting metal surfaces |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20050263219A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102004026636B3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2870857B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2414742B (en) |
| IT (1) | ITRM20050250A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8716637B2 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2014-05-06 | Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc | Fluidized bed heat treating system |
| TWI472049B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2015-02-01 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Method of fabricating solar cell |
| US20140261283A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston and method of making a piston |
| DE102013008396B4 (en) | 2013-05-17 | 2015-04-02 | G. Rau Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for remelting and / or remelting of metallic materials, in particular nitinol |
| CN110592416A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-20 | 沈阳工业大学 | Plasma-assisted gas alloying method |
| RU2740548C1 (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2021-01-15 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский национальный исследовательский технический университет им. А.Н. Туполева-КАИ" (КНИТУ-КАИ) | Method of reinforcing sheet from iron-based alloy |
| CN113862593B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-10-21 | 天津大学 | Method for improving soft metal surface processing quality based on plasma modification |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2174319A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1986-11-05 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Cylinder head of cast aluminium alloy for internal combustion engines |
| US4652723A (en) * | 1983-11-17 | 1987-03-24 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et Lexploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for heat treating with a microwave plasma torch |
| DE19605518A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Dornier Gmbh | Process and apparatus for producing plasma jet |
| DE19910553C1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-07-13 | Dornier Gmbh | Method for continual removal of nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases |
| WO2002076158A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method for plasma welding |
| WO2003011516A1 (en) * | 2001-07-28 | 2003-02-13 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Laser-plasma hybrid welding method |
| US6734385B1 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2004-05-11 | Dae Won Paptin Foam Co. Ltd. | Microwave plasma burner |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6070136A (en) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-04-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Surface treatment of work |
| JPS60187660A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-09-25 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Partially hardened cast iron member |
| US4535212A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1985-08-13 | Tocco, Inc. | Apparatus and method of hardening valve seats |
| CH664579A5 (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1988-03-15 | Fischer Ag Georg | Surface hardening of high carbon content material - e.g. cast iron, by plasma surface remelting avoiding martensite prodn. |
| US5793013A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-08-11 | Physical Sciences, Inc. | Microwave-driven plasma spraying apparatus and method for spraying |
| US5997956A (en) * | 1995-08-04 | 1999-12-07 | Microcoating Technologies | Chemical vapor deposition and powder formation using thermal spray with near supercritical and supercritical fluid solutions |
-
2004
- 2004-06-01 DE DE102004026636A patent/DE102004026636B3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 IT IT000250A patent/ITRM20050250A1/en unknown
- 2005-05-27 GB GB0510896A patent/GB2414742B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-31 US US11/141,157 patent/US20050263219A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-06-01 FR FR0505544A patent/FR2870857B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-05-24 US US12/800,859 patent/US20100288399A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4652723A (en) * | 1983-11-17 | 1987-03-24 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et Lexploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for heat treating with a microwave plasma torch |
| GB2174319A (en) * | 1985-02-21 | 1986-11-05 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Cylinder head of cast aluminium alloy for internal combustion engines |
| DE19605518A1 (en) * | 1996-02-15 | 1997-08-21 | Dornier Gmbh | Process and apparatus for producing plasma jet |
| DE19910553C1 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-07-13 | Dornier Gmbh | Method for continual removal of nitrogen dioxide in exhaust gases |
| US6734385B1 (en) * | 1999-05-11 | 2004-05-11 | Dae Won Paptin Foam Co. Ltd. | Microwave plasma burner |
| WO2002076158A1 (en) * | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-26 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method for plasma welding |
| WO2003011516A1 (en) * | 2001-07-28 | 2003-02-13 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Laser-plasma hybrid welding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2870857A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 |
| GB2414742B (en) | 2006-08-02 |
| GB0510896D0 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
| US20100288399A1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| FR2870857B1 (en) | 2007-04-20 |
| ITRM20050250A1 (en) | 2005-12-02 |
| US20050263219A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
| DE102004026636B3 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2414742A (en) | Method and device for remelting metal surfaces | |
| KR102351919B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for producing powder particles by atomization of a feed material in the form of an elongated member | |
| EP0946414B1 (en) | Microwave plasma chemical synthesis of ultrafine powders | |
| US4390772A (en) | Plasma torch and a method of producing a plasma | |
| JP5171125B2 (en) | Nozzle for cold spray and cold spray device using the nozzle for cold spray | |
| US3604890A (en) | Multibeam laser-jet cutting apparatus | |
| US6808755B2 (en) | Thermal spraying method and apparatus for improved adhesion strength | |
| JP2007516827A (en) | Low temperature spray device equipped with powder preheating device | |
| PL177873B1 (en) | Application of lasers for producing on substrates diamond coatings of diamond-like carbon and other suitable materials | |
| GB2506740A (en) | Method of cutting super-hard materials | |
| US6982395B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for plasma welding with low jet angle divergence | |
| JP2008127647A (en) | Surface treatment device and method therefore | |
| Colaco et al. | Laser cladding of stellite 6 on steel substrates | |
| JP2004518027A (en) | Method for producing functional layer by inductively coupled radio frequency plasma beam source | |
| JP4678973B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for generating plasma arc of thermal spray torch | |
| US6429399B2 (en) | Discharge tube for a local etching apparatus and a local etching apparatus using the discharge tube | |
| JP2009028789A (en) | Thermal cutting method | |
| JP2023548349A (en) | Apparatus and method for spheronizing powder by microwave-induced plasma | |
| WO1987007862A1 (en) | Laser sustained plasma torch and method for using same | |
| JP2003109795A (en) | Plasma jet generator | |
| JP5517588B2 (en) | Metal member joining method, metal member joining apparatus, and metal joining member manufacturing method using the same | |
| KR101569807B1 (en) | Dual spray casting apparatus | |
| JP2000096248A (en) | Surface treating device and surface treatment | |
| KR102550835B1 (en) | Plasma spraying head, plasma spraying device, and plasma spraying method | |
| JPH11314191A (en) | Laser cutting method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20131114 AND 20131120 |
|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20190527 |