GB2413734A - Method of location for mobile communications - Google Patents

Method of location for mobile communications Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2413734A
GB2413734A GB0409649A GB0409649A GB2413734A GB 2413734 A GB2413734 A GB 2413734A GB 0409649 A GB0409649 A GB 0409649A GB 0409649 A GB0409649 A GB 0409649A GB 2413734 A GB2413734 A GB 2413734A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
rfid
mobile station
transponder
scanner
localization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0409649A
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GB2413734B (en
GB0409649D0 (en
Inventor
Richard Heywood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Priority to GB0409649A priority Critical patent/GB2413734B/en
Publication of GB0409649D0 publication Critical patent/GB0409649D0/en
Publication of GB2413734A publication Critical patent/GB2413734A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2413734B publication Critical patent/GB2413734B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/003—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management locating network equipment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G01S13/751—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
    • G01S13/878—Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
    • H04Q7/3855—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

A mobile communication device, comprising a radio frequency identification transponder is arranged in operation to convey an identifier code to an RFID scanner. A localisation facility may then correlate the identifier code from the mobile communication device's RFID transponder with the physical location of the originating fixed location RFID scanner.

Description

Apparatus And Method Of Localisation for Mobile Communications
Technical Field
The invention relates to apparatus and method of localization. In particular, it relates to apparatus and method of localization for mobile communication devices.
Background
In telecommunications, a mobile communications network typically comprises two parts; a fixed network, with base stations, controllers, and other network infrastructure, and mobile communication devices that communicate with the fixed network over some air interface, such as global system for mobile communication (GSM). Consequently, a mobile communication device ('mobile station' or MS) is free to move between locations within the network.
Network providers have appreciated that with the ability to move between locations comes the opportunity to provide location sensitive services. Such services may include location specific advertisements, tourist information or booking facilities.
The present technologies to facilitate location sensitive services fall into two main groups; direct localization and network localization.
The direct localization approach relies on adding to the MS a means of physical localization, such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver. This solution has a number of disadvantages; firstly it adds expense to MS manufacture, secondly it reduces the battery life of the MS, and thirdly it cannot inform the network provider of CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood the MS's location without active transmission by the MS to the fixed network. This last disadvantage limits the types of location-based services the network provider can provide (e.g. awareness services, such as localised adverts based on a user's profile), unless the MS regularly transmits its location, which is costly both in terms of battery power and network capacity.
The network localization approach relies on the physical location of the base station serving the MS. This solution avoids the direct localization problems, in that it does not require expensive localising equipment within the MS, and also that the location information is generated on the fixed network side, avoiding the need for additional transmissions by the MS.
However, network localization also has disadvantages. The main problem is the size of the cell being served by the base station. Cells come in 3 size categories; i. Macrocells, generally used in suburban and country areas, have a radius of typically 2 to 3 kilometres; ii. Microcells, generally used in urban areas, can propagate by reflection and are often used to cover street canyons over a range of typically a kilometre; iii. Picocells, generally used within buildings, have a radius of typically 200 metres.
Thus the degree of resolution is determined by the type of cell currently serving the MS, leading to an inconsistent level of localization. Moreover, the number of services potentially offered in say, a microcell in a dense urban CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood area, could be huge - as attested to by a number of patents attempting to address this problem by screening incoming services through user profiling.
Another disadvantage is that the size and shape of a cell may regularly change during frequency re-planning exercises. During frequency replanning, the cellular network is updated to accommodate changes in traffic load, for example due to seasonal changes such as tourism. It therefore becomes problematic to associate the location of a service such as advertising a particular local restaurant with a given base station, if the actual coverage of the restaurant may swap between different cells on a regular basis.
A third disadvantage is the corollary to the direct localization problem that the network needs to be told about the location. Here, the MS is limited to only those services that the serving network operator is aware of or allied with, and has no independent means of accessing other localized services that may be available.
Thus a need exists for a means of accurate localization at low cost to the MS, which may provide either or both the MS and the network with localization information, and preferably place this in control of the user.
The purpose of the present invention is to address the above needs.
Summary of the Invention
CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood The present invention provides an apparatus and method of localization.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a mobile station, as claimed in claim 1; In a second aspect, the present invention provides a mobile station, as claimed in claim 2; In a third aspect, the present invention provides a mobile station, as claimed in claim 3; In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a fixed location detector, as claimed in claim 6; In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a fixed location detector, as claimed in claim 7; In a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a localization facility, as claimed in claim 8; In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a fixed localization facility, as claimed in claim 9; and In an eighth aspect, the present invention provides a fixed localization facility, as claimed in claim 10.
Further features of the present invention are as defined in the dependent claims.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram depicting an RFID transponder and RFID scanner in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description
An apparatus and method of localization is disclosed. In the following description, a number of specific details are presented in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be obvious, however, to a person skilled in the art that these specific details need not be employed to practice the present invention. In other instances, well known methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
The present invention provides for the localization of mobile stations by use of radio frequency identification (RFID) transponders and scanners.
Several permutations of transponder and scanner are envisaged: In a first embodiment of the present invention, a mobile station (MS) comprises an RFID transponder arranged in operation to convey an identifier code to an RFID scanner corresponding to the identity of the MS.
In a second embodiment of the present invention, an MS comprises an RFID scanner arranged in operation to obtain CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood an identifier code from an RFID transponder corresponding to a fixed location.
In a third embodiment of the present invention, an MS comprises both an RFID transponder arranged in operation to convey an identifier code to an RFID scanner corresponding to the identity of the MS and an RFID scanner arranged in operation to obtain an identifier code from an RFID transponder corresponding to a fixed location.
Complementing the MS, a fixed location detector (FLD) comprises an RFID scanner in accordance with the first embodiment, an RFID transponder in accordance with the second embodiment, and both an RFID transponder and an RFID scanner in accordance with the third embodiment.
In the first and third embodiments, the FLD scanner will typically be operably coupled to a central localization facility. In the second embodiment, the MS will typically connect to the central localization facility via the serving wireless network.
The common feature of the three embodiments is that localization is achieved by the substantial collocation of one or more RFID scanners and transponders within an MS and fixed location detector, in conjunction with a central localization facility that correlates the information. The three embodiments address different practical and legal scenarios that the invention may operate in.
With reference to Fig. 1, the first embodiment provides an RFID transponder 100 in the mobile station (MS)(not shown).
When the MS comes within range of an RFID scanner 200 in a CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood fixed location detector (FLD)(not shown), an activating field 220 of the scanner 200 causes the RFID transponder to convey identifier code data 160 to the scanner 200. The data signal is decoded 240 and sent 250 to the localization facility to determine the identity of the MS, in conjunction with the location of the originating FLD. Once determined, the MS identity and location information may be passed to the relevant network provider to enable targeted location services.
This embodiment has the advantage of a very cheap modification to MS manufacture (the addition of an RFID transponder with identifying code), and also has the advantage of precise localization, for example by placing an FLD at the entrance to a shopping precinct or the doorway of an individual retailer. Thus for example if a user entered a music store so equipped, they may receive an invitation to download a ring-tone version of the music currently playing in the store.
Optionally, to address any civil liberty issue concerning localization, the first embodiment also provides means to disable the RFID transponder to prevent location identification, typically via a user interface.
Conversely, another option of the first embodiment provides means to enable the RFID transponder via an instruction received from the network, to enable location identification. This override option may be limited to when the MS has been reported stolen by the user, or to initiate the location identification ability upon payment of a premium. In the latter case the facility to disable may also be provided via instruction received from the network.
CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood The second embodiment of the invention is largely similar to the first, except that the RFID scanner 200 is in the MS and the RFID transponder 100 is in the FLD.
In this embodiment, the identification code data 160 corresponds to the fixed location of the detector, and it is the MS that accesses the localisation facility, via its serving network. The localisation facility then provides the network with the location information (and the originating MS's identity if necessary).
Echoing the first embodiment, optionally means to disable either the MS RFID scanner or the transmission accessing the localisation facility may be provided to prevent localisation. Similarly, optionally means to enable or disable the MS RFID scanner or said transmission via an instruction from the network may also be provided.
The second embodiment has the advantage that access to the localisation facility is via the wireless network, so avoiding the need for connection of the FLDs to the localisation facility.
The second embodiment has the potential disadvantage, however, that the RFID scanner in the MS will use additional battery power.
The third embodiment is largely a combination of the first two embodiments, with an RFID scanner and transponder in both the MS and fixed location detector. Thus access to the localisation facility may be either via the MS or fixed location detector in the manners detailed previously.
CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood As before, the options to enable or disable the transponder, scanner and/or localization transmission as appropriate are envisaged.
In one form of the third embodiment, the respective identification data of the RFIDs in the MS and fixed location detector can be enhanced by the addition of status information, such as preference for mode of communication to the localization facility (e.g. via the MS or via the FLD), or preference to not identify the location of the MS at all, either due to user selection, or because the user is currently in a call and may not wish for any services, etc. This has the advantage of being able to use alternative modes of communication as applicable, for example to use the MS network for an FLD that is not connected to the localization facility, or to use an FLD's connection if the MS is in a poor reception area or cell traffic is high.
Several forms of the third embodiment can alleviate the issue of power drainage by the REID scanner in the MS: In one form of the third embodiment, the activating field of the fixed location detector is used to enable the scanner of the MS. Typically this may be done via the power management 120 of the MS REID activating a switching means.
By only turning on the MS scanner in the presence of an activating field, the MS battery power is conserved.
CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood In another form of the third embodiment, the FLD does not comprise a full RFID scanner, but instead only an activating field generator 230 and antenna/coil 210, as well as its own RFID transponder. Thus it resembles the second embodiment, but with the addition of a means to control power to the MS scanner by detection of the FLD
activation field.
In all the above embodiments and forms thereof, a variety of RFIDs and scanners may be used.
In addition to RFIDs that actively transmit data, RFIDs exist that convey data by other means known in the art: Backscatter modulation typically uses a switching transistor (not shown) to vary the load on antenna 110.
This varies the amount of the activating field reflected back to the scanner. Information can be embedded in this varying reflection by control of the transistor.
Load modulation involves varying the load on the activating field via inductive coupling, wherein a switching means similar to that described for backscatter modulation is employed to embed the information.
In addition, an RFID can either be powered externally or
from the activating field.
Preferably, the FLD RFID is powered externally, so reducing the need for a strong signal from the MS scanner.
Moreover it is preferable that the FLD RFID and/or scanner powers are commensurate to the location; thus for example a CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood fixed location detector at the entrance to a car park must have sufficient power to cooperate with an MS inside a car.
Similarly an MS embedded or drawing power from a car may boost its scanning or response signals as appropriate.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the localization facility comprises a processor arranged in operation to correlate an identifier code from a mobile station's RFID transponder with the physical location of the originating fixed location detector.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, localization facility comprising a processor arranged in operation to correlate an identifier code from a fixed location RFID transponder with the identity of the originating mobile station.
In either of the above embodiments, the data to be correlated will typically be resident in one or more databases.
The present invention also provides a method of localization, characterized by the steps of i. sending an identifier code detected from an RFID to a localization facility together with data about the detecting device; and ii. determining the identity of a mobile station and the location of an fixed location detector from the information sent.
CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood It will be understood that the apparatus and method of localization as described above provides at least one or more of the following advantages: i. Accurate localization of a mobile communication device may be obtained with little additional cost to manufacture of the device; ii. Accurate localization of a mobile communication device may be obtained with little or no additional power consumption by the device; iii. Accurate localization may be determined by more than one route according to network conditions or user preference; iv. Problems with large numbers of services associated with a general area are alleviated by precise positioning of fixed-location REID transponders and/or scanners.
v. The user has control over whether localization is enabled.

Claims (13)

  1. CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood Claims 1. A mobile communication device
    (hereinafter mobile station, MS), comprising a radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder arranged in operation to convey an identifier code to an RFID scanner.
  2. 2. A mobile station comprising an RFID scanner arranged in operation to obtain an identifier code from an RFID transponder corresponding to a fixed location.
  3. 3. A mobile station comprising both an RFID transponder arranged in operation to convey an identifier code to an RFID scanner and an RFID scanner arranged in operation to obtain an identifier code from an RFID transponder, corresponding to a fixed location.
  4. 4. A mobile station according to any of the above claims comprising means to disable any or all of the i. transponder; and ii. scanner as appropriate.
  5. 5. A mobile station according to any of the above claims comprising means to enable any or all of the i. transponder) and ii. scanner as appropriate via an instruction received from the network.
  6. 6. A fixed location detector comprising both an RFID transponder for detection by a suitably equipped mobile station and an RFID scanner arranged in operation to CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood identify an RFID transponder corresponding to a mobile station.
  7. 7. A fixed location detector comprising both an RFID transponder for detection by a suitably equipped mobile
    station and an RFID activation field generator.
  8. 8. A localization facility comprising a processor arranged in operation to correlate an identifier code from a mobile station's RFID transponder with the physical location of the originating fixed location detector.
  9. 9. A localization facility comprising a processor arranged in operation to correlate an identifier code from a fixed location RFID transponder with the identity of the originating mobile station.
  10. 10. A method of localization characterized by the steps of; sending an identifier code detected from an RFID to a localization facility together with data about the detecting device; and determining the identity of an mobile station and the location of an fixed location detector from the information sent.
  11. 11. A mobile communication device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
  12. 12. A fixed location detector substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
    CE13070EP/GBRI/DRE/Heywood
  13. 13. A localization facility substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
GB0409649A 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Apparatus and method of localisation for mobile communications Expired - Lifetime GB2413734B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0409649A GB2413734B (en) 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Apparatus and method of localisation for mobile communications

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0409649A GB2413734B (en) 2004-04-30 2004-04-30 Apparatus and method of localisation for mobile communications

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GB0409649D0 GB0409649D0 (en) 2004-06-02
GB2413734A true GB2413734A (en) 2005-11-02
GB2413734B GB2413734B (en) 2006-11-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013162538A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 Nokia Corporation Context aware networking for multimode devices

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003036552A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Remote sensor or transducer system and a mobile communication device
WO2003067539A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-14 Nokia Corporation Electronic device with cover inclduing a radio frequency identification module
WO2003081787A2 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-02 Nokia Corporation Radio frequency identification (rf-id) based discovery for short range radio communication
EP1376457A1 (en) * 2002-06-26 2004-01-02 Nokia Corporation A method, system and computer program product for personalising the functionality of a personal communication device
WO2004040793A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Nokia Corporation Method and system for selecting data items for service requests

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003036552A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus Remote sensor or transducer system and a mobile communication device
WO2003067539A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-14 Nokia Corporation Electronic device with cover inclduing a radio frequency identification module
WO2003081787A2 (en) * 2002-03-26 2003-10-02 Nokia Corporation Radio frequency identification (rf-id) based discovery for short range radio communication
EP1376457A1 (en) * 2002-06-26 2004-01-02 Nokia Corporation A method, system and computer program product for personalising the functionality of a personal communication device
WO2004040793A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-13 Nokia Corporation Method and system for selecting data items for service requests

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013162538A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 Nokia Corporation Context aware networking for multimode devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2413734B (en) 2006-11-15
GB0409649D0 (en) 2004-06-02

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