GB2405172A - Frame with intumescent material - Google Patents

Frame with intumescent material Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2405172A
GB2405172A GB0418472A GB0418472A GB2405172A GB 2405172 A GB2405172 A GB 2405172A GB 0418472 A GB0418472 A GB 0418472A GB 0418472 A GB0418472 A GB 0418472A GB 2405172 A GB2405172 A GB 2405172A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
outer frame
frame
intumescent material
face
structural members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0418472A
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GB0418472D0 (en
GB2405172B (en
Inventor
Ian James Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Epwin Group PLC
Original Assignee
Epwin Group PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epwin Group PLC filed Critical Epwin Group PLC
Publication of GB0418472D0 publication Critical patent/GB0418472D0/en
Publication of GB2405172A publication Critical patent/GB2405172A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2405172B publication Critical patent/GB2405172B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/164—Sealing arrangements between the door or window and its frame, e.g. intumescent seals specially adapted therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The outer frame 1 of a frame assembly has an outer face adjacent a building structure 4 and an inner face adjacent an inner leaf 3, for example a door. Intumescent material 2, preferably in strip form, is provided on both inner and outer faces, preferably within grooves 8, 7. Intumescent material may also be provided on the edge of the inner leaf 3 adjacent the inner face of the outer frame 1. A frame of lesser cross-section dimension than the outer frame 1 may be used as a cill member. A recess (15, figure 4) may be cut in the intumescent material and the outer frame 1 to accommodate a hinge or other hardware.

Description

Fire Resistant Frames The present invention relates to frames for doors
and windows, in particular fire resistant frames.
It is desirable that structures such as doors and windows be resistant to fire, to prevent or inhibit the spread of smoke and fire in a burning building.
Preferably such structures should resist fire for at least 30 minutes, a 30 minute resistance period being required by law for frames used in many public buildings.
However, many of the materials used in the construction of doors and door frames, such as PVCu and aluminium, melt on exposure to high temperatures and their resistance to fire is thus low.
Both door and window assemblies comprise an inner leaf and an outer frame. A door assembly comprises a door leaf mounted in an outer frame. In use, the outer frame is fixed to a building structure and the door leaf is mounted in the outer frame, typically by means of hinges attached to an inner face of the outer frame. A window assembly comprises a pane, usually of glass, mounted in an outer frame. In general, the problem of low resistance to fire is greater with doors, where both the outer frame and the inner leaf may be made of a non heat-resistant material. The inner leaf of a window assembly is usually a glass pane which has relatively high heat resistance.
UK Patent GB 2309728 describes a frame assembly for a door or a window in which the outer frame is non-heat resistant and contains cavities sited between the frame and the building structure to which it is attached which are filled with an intumescent material. The intumescent material swells on heating which serves to add support to the frame.
In its broadest aspect, the present invention provides a frame assembly in which intumescent material is located between both the frame and the building structure, and the frame and the frame. On heating, the intumescent material swells and fills the gaps between the frame and the inner leaf as well as the gaps between the building structure and the frame. This makes an airtight seal to prevent passage of air through the door, thus preventing the spread of smoke and starving the fire of oxygen. The intumescent material also provides support for the frame to enable it to withstand fire and heat without melting and losing its shape.
Accordingly, in a first aspect of the invention there is provided a frame assembly having an outer frame and an inner leaf which is mounted within the outer frame, wherein the outer frame has intumescent material located along at least a portion of its inner face and at least a portion of its outer face. The inner face is adjacent to the inner leaf of the frame assembly, and the outer face is adjacent to the building structure when the frame is in use. Preferably, the intumescent material extends along the entire length of the inner face and the length of the outer face.
In another aspect, the assembly of the invention may consist of an outer frame which has intumescent material located along at least a portion of its inner face and at least a portion of its outer face.
The outer frame may be formed from a plurality of elongate structural members.
Preferably, the outer frame is a four-sided frame of rectangular construction. However, other shapes of frame may still make use of aspects of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the outer frame is made from four elongate structural members disposed substantially at right angles to each other. When in use, the members form respectively two vertical members to either side of the inner leaf, a top (head) member and a bottom (cill) member. Each member has an inner face which when in use is adjacent to the inner leaf and an outer face which when in use is adjacent to the building structure. The outer faces of the structural members together form the outer face of the outer frame, and the inner faces of the structural members together form the inner face of the outer frame. The intumescent material may be located on the inner faces of all four structural members of the outer frame, but it is also possible for the intumescent material to be located on only a subset of the structural members.
The cill member of the outer frame may be configured differently from the other members. Where this is the case, the cill member is preferably of a lesser height than the other members. Where the assembly is a door assembly, this will form a low threshold which will facilitate wheelchair access by allowing the passage of a wheelchair over the Gill member. In this arrangement, the cill member will preferably not have intumescent material located along its length.
Intumescent material may be located on an outer face of the door leaf. Preferably, the intumescent material is located on the part of the outer face which is adjacent to the Gill member of the outer frame when the door is mounted within the frame. This embodiment is preferred where the door assembly has a low threshold and intumescent material is not located on the Gill member of the outer frame.
The frame may be constructed any material, including aluminium, steel, timber or a synthetic material such as a plastics material (eg. PCVu, ABS or GRP). Preferably, the frame is PVCu. In particular, the frame may be of a composite' type, ie. it may be made of different materials. The same materials may be used for the door leaf, which may or may not be constructed from the same material as the outer frame. Preferably, the door leaf is a slab of thickness between 40 and 50mm.
The intumescent material may be in strip form, so the frame assembly may be produced by adhering strips of intumescent material to the frame or door leaf. This has the advantage that it is easy and quick to do, but it can require complex pre-cutting of the intumescent material before it is stuck to the frame or door leaf, to ensure it fits around the door hardware exactly. The inventors have overcome this problem by adhering the intumescent material to the frame before the frame is cut to shape to provide recesses in which to attach hinges, keep plates and other hardware.
The second aspect of the invention accordingly provides a method of making an outer frame for a fire resistant frame assembly, comprising the following steps: attaching together a plurality of elongate structural members to form the outer frame; adhering one or more strips of intumescent material to opposite sides of at least one structural member, so that intumescent material is adhered to at least a portion of the inner face of and at least a portion of the outer face of the frame; said adhering step being carried out either before or after said attaching step; and then, after said adhering step processing the outer frame by cutting both the structural members and the intumescent material. (e.g. into required lengths or to form a recess as described below). The cutting is preferably carried out before but may be carried out after the structural members have been attached together.
A third aspect of the invention provides a method of making a structural member for an outer frame, wherein intumescent material is adhered to at least one face of the structural member, and the structural member is then processed by cutting both the structural member and the intumescent material in order to provide a recess or recesses in which to attach a hinge or other hardware.
The structural member can then be attached to other structural members to form the outer frame. The cutting is preferably carried out before attaching the structural members, but may be carried out afterwards.
All of the above aspects of the present invention may be combined with each other.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an outer frame with a low threshold; Fig. 2 shows a cross section of a door leaf and a Gill member where the outer frame has a low threshold; Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a structural member of the outer frame of a frame assembly in use, showing the building structure and the door leaf; Fig. 4A shows a cross-sectional view of a structural member of the outer frame showing detail of the inner face of the member; Fig. 4B shows an end view of the outer frame and hinges attaching the frame to the door leaf.
In one embodiment of the invention, the frame assembly has an outer frame 1 made from four elongate structural members 11-13 which are arranged to form a rectangular frame as shown in Figure 1. The vertical members 12 and the head member 13 have intumescent material 2 located along their inner faces. The cill member 11 is of lesser height than the other members, forming a low threshold 5, and does not have intumescent material located on its inner face. In this embodiment, the door leaf 3 which is mounted in the outer frame has intumescent material 2 located on the face 14 which is adjacent to the Gill member 11 (Figure 2). Each structural member has intumescent material located along its outer face (not shown in the figure).
A vertical structural member shown in Figure 3 has a groove 7 in its outer face, which face is adjacent to the building structure 4 when the assembly is in use, and a groove 8 in its inner face, which is adjacent to the door leaf 3. Intumescent material 2 is sited within groove 7 between the frame 1 and the building structure 4, and within groove 8 between the frame 1 and the door leaf 3.
When heated, the intumescent material swells to fill the gap 9 between the outer frame 1 and the building structure 4 and the gap 10 between the outer frame and the door leaf 3.
In another embodiment, each of the four structural members of the outer frame 1 has intumescent material located on both its inner face and on its outer face as shown in Figure 3.
The door leaf 3 is mounted on the outer frame 1 by means of a hinge 6, as shown in Fig 4. The mounting of the hinge 6 on the outer frame is achieved by first bonding a strip of intumescent material 2 to the inner face of the outer frame 1, and then machining away a pocket in the outer frame 1 and the intumescent material 2 in order to form a recess 15 which can accommodate the hinge 6. The hinge 6 is then fitted inside the recess 15 and fixed in place by means of screws 16.
With such an arrangement, it is possible to extrude material to form the outer frame, attach the strip of intumescent material to that extrusion, and then cut the extrusion into lengths to form the frame. This has the further advantage that the intumescent material is cut in the same operation as the cutting of the extrusion to form the members of the frame, and that the intmescent material is necessarily cut to the correct lengths.
The above embodiments have been described by way of example only and modifications and alterations will be apparent to the person skilled in the art.

Claims (24)

  1. Claims A fire resistant frame assembly, comprising: an outer frame; an
    inner leaf which is mounted within the outer frame; wherein the outer frame has an inner face which is adjacent to the inner leaf, and an outer face which is adjacent to the building structure when said outer frame is in use; and wherein said outer frame has intumescent material located along at least a portion of its inner face and at least a portion of its outer face.
  2. 2. A frame assembly according to claim 1, wherein the intumescent material extends along the entire length of the inner face and the entire length of the outer face of said outer frame.
  3. 3. A frame assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the inner leaf has an outer face which is adjacent to the outer frame, and intumescent material is located on at least a portion of said outer face of said inner leaf.
  4. 4. A frame assembly according to claim 1 wherein the outer frame is formed by a plurality of structural members, wherein the outer faces of the structural members together form the outer face of the outer frame, and the inner faces of the structural members together form the inner face of the outer frame; one of said structural members is a cill member which is located on the bottom of the outer frame, and said cill member is of a lesser height than the other structural members.
  5. 5. A frame assembly according to claim 4, wherein the intumescent material is not located along the length of the inner face of said cill member but is located on a portion of the outer face of said inner leaf which portion is adjacent to the cill member of the outer frame when the inner leaf is mounted within the outer frame.
  6. 6. A frame assembly according to claim 1, wherein the intumescent material is in strip form.
  7. 7. A frame assembly according to any one of the above claims wherein the outer frame is made of PVCu.
  8. 8. An outer frame for use in a window or door frame assembly, wherein the outer frame has an inner face which defines a volume inside the outer frame and an outer face which is adjacent to a building structure when said out frame is in use; wherein said outer frame has intumescent material located along at least a portion of its inner face and at least a portion of its outer face.
  9. 9. An outer frame according to claim 8, wherein the intumescent material extends along the entire length of the inner face and the entire length of the outer face of said outer frame.
  10. 10. An outer frame according to claim 8, wherein the outer frame is formed by a plurality of structural members, wherein the outer faces of the structural members together form the outer face of the outer frame, and the inner faces of the structural members together form the inner face of the outer frame, one of said structural members is a Gill member which is located on the bottom of the outer frame, wherein said cill member is of a lesser height than the other structural members.
  11. 11. An outer frame according to claim 10, wherein intumescent material is not located along the length of the inner face of said Gill member.
  12. 12. An outer frame according to any one of the above claims, wherein the intumescent material is in strip form.
  13. 13. An outer frame according to any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the outer frame comprises a plurality of PVCu structural members.
  14. 14. A method of making an outer frame for a fire resistant frame assembly, comprising the following steps: attaching together a plurality of elongate structural members to form the outer frame; adhering one or more strips of intumescent material to opposite sides of at least one structural member, so that intumescent material is adhered to at least a portion of the inner face of and at least a portion of the outer face of the frame; said adhering step being carried out either before or after said attaching step; and then, after said adhering step, processing the outer frame by cutting both the structural members and the intumescent material.
  15. 15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the structural members are attached together after adhering the intumescent material.
  16. 16. A method according to claim 14 or 15 wherein in the cutting step both the structural members and the intumescent material are cut to required lengths.
  17. 17. A method according to anyone of claims 14 to 16, wherein one of the structural members is processed by cutting both the structural members and the intumescent material in order to provide a recess or recesses in which to attach a hinge or other hardware.
  18. 18. A method according to any one of claims 14 to 17 wherein the intumescent material extends along the entire length of both inner and outer faces of the outer frame.
  19. 19. A method of making an outer frame for a door or window by joining together a plurality of structural members, wherein intumescent material is adhered to at least one face of one of the structural members, and said structural member is then processed by cutting both the structural member and the intumescent material in order to provide a recess or recesses in which to attach a hinge or other hardware.
  20. 20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the structural members are joined together to form the frame after said adhering step.
  21. 21. A kit of parts for making a frame assembly according to claim 1; said kit of parts comprising: an outer frame and an inner leaf for mounting within the outer frame; wherein the outer frame has intumescent material located along at least a portion of its inner face and at least a portion of its outer face.
  22. 22. A frame assembly substantially as described herein with reference to Figs. 1 to 4B.
  23. 23. A method of making an outer frame for a frame assembly substantially as described herein with reference to Figs. 1 to 4B.
  24. 24. A method of making a structural member for an outer frame substantially as described herein with reference to Figs. 4A and 4B.
GB0418472A 2003-08-20 2004-08-18 Fire resistant frames Expired - Fee Related GB2405172B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0319597.1A GB0319597D0 (en) 2003-08-20 2003-08-20 Fire resistant frames

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0418472D0 GB0418472D0 (en) 2004-09-22
GB2405172A true GB2405172A (en) 2005-02-23
GB2405172B GB2405172B (en) 2006-11-29

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GBGB0319597.1A Ceased GB0319597D0 (en) 2003-08-20 2003-08-20 Fire resistant frames
GB0418472A Expired - Fee Related GB2405172B (en) 2003-08-20 2004-08-18 Fire resistant frames

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GBGB0319597.1A Ceased GB0319597D0 (en) 2003-08-20 2003-08-20 Fire resistant frames

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Country Link
GB (2) GB0319597D0 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006128549A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-07 Dr. Hahn Gmbh & Co. Kg Hinge system
ES2334552A1 (en) * 2009-11-12 2010-03-11 Benito Sistemas De Carpinteria, S.A Ignifugo closure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP2261451A3 (en) * 2009-06-05 2013-12-04 Hörmann KG Eckelhausen Method for producing a fire stopping element in the form of a fixed glazing or a fire retardant door and fire stopping element for use in same
US11486150B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2022-11-01 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Finishing accessory with backing strip
US11885138B2 (en) 2020-11-12 2024-01-30 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Control joint
USD1026252S1 (en) 2020-11-12 2024-05-07 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Control joint

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2247709A (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-03-11 Oil Plc Enterprise Fire door with peripheral intumescent seal and vitreous enamel coating
GB2266911A (en) * 1992-05-06 1993-11-17 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Smoke seal
FR2701286A1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-12 Decayeux Ets Mounted door jamb, comprising improved fire-resistant (fire-retarding) means
GB2289497A (en) * 1994-05-17 1995-11-22 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Lock and seal assembly actuated by expansion of intumescent material
GB2309728A (en) * 1996-02-01 1997-08-06 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Fire resistant frame member made from a heat meltable plastic having internal cavities selectively filled with an intumescent material.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9107945D0 (en) * 1991-04-15 1991-05-29 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Smoke seal
GB2351113B (en) * 1999-06-18 2003-05-07 Granada Secondary Glazing Ltd Secondary glazed windows
US6434899B1 (en) * 2001-03-12 2002-08-20 Skamol A/S Fire resistant door edge construction comprising a stile with groove, high density strip in the groove, an intumescent strip seal, covered by an edge lipping

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2247709A (en) * 1990-08-09 1992-03-11 Oil Plc Enterprise Fire door with peripheral intumescent seal and vitreous enamel coating
GB2266911A (en) * 1992-05-06 1993-11-17 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Smoke seal
FR2701286A1 (en) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-12 Decayeux Ets Mounted door jamb, comprising improved fire-resistant (fire-retarding) means
GB2289497A (en) * 1994-05-17 1995-11-22 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Lock and seal assembly actuated by expansion of intumescent material
GB2309728A (en) * 1996-02-01 1997-08-06 Lorient Polyprod Ltd Fire resistant frame member made from a heat meltable plastic having internal cavities selectively filled with an intumescent material.

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006128549A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-07 Dr. Hahn Gmbh & Co. Kg Hinge system
EP2261451A3 (en) * 2009-06-05 2013-12-04 Hörmann KG Eckelhausen Method for producing a fire stopping element in the form of a fixed glazing or a fire retardant door and fire stopping element for use in same
ES2334552A1 (en) * 2009-11-12 2010-03-11 Benito Sistemas De Carpinteria, S.A Ignifugo closure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
US11486150B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2022-11-01 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Finishing accessory with backing strip
US11725401B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2023-08-15 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Finishing accessory with backing strip
US12018496B2 (en) 2016-12-20 2024-06-25 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Finishing accessory with backing strip
US11885138B2 (en) 2020-11-12 2024-01-30 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Control joint
USD1026252S1 (en) 2020-11-12 2024-05-07 Clarkwestern Dietrich Building Systems Llc Control joint

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0319597D0 (en) 2003-09-24
GB0418472D0 (en) 2004-09-22
GB2405172B (en) 2006-11-29

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20160818