GB2404994A - Optical fiber cable - Google Patents
Optical fiber cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2404994A GB2404994A GB0318953A GB0318953A GB2404994A GB 2404994 A GB2404994 A GB 2404994A GB 0318953 A GB0318953 A GB 0318953A GB 0318953 A GB0318953 A GB 0318953A GB 2404994 A GB2404994 A GB 2404994A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- optical fiber
- cladding
- metal coating
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000253 optical time-domain reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/104—Coating to obtain optical fibres
- C03C25/106—Single coatings
- C03C25/1061—Inorganic coatings
- C03C25/1063—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
- C03C25/18—Extrusion
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/13—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency
- E21B47/135—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling by electromagnetic energy, e.g. radio frequency using light waves, e.g. infrared or ultraviolet waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
- G02B6/4401—Optical cables
- G02B6/4402—Optical cables with one single optical waveguide
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
Abstract
An optical fiber that includes a metal coating on its exterior, which metal coating enables the optical fiber to be used as a cable. The metal coating may be applied to the optical fiber by drawing the fiber through molten metal that freezes on the fiber surface. The metal coating may comprise nickel, copper, chromium, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, or any combination thereof. The coated optical fiber may be used in oilfield applications, including instances wherein the coated optical fiber supports the weight of at least one downhole tool. The coated optical fiber may also be used in other applications that require an optical fiber that has a strength that is comparatively higher than typical optical fibers.
Description
OPTICAL FIBER CABLE
BACKGROUND
The invention generally relates to optical fibers. More particularly, the invention relates to optical fiber cables that have the functionality of optical fibers with the structural integrity of more robust cables.
Typical optical fibers, such as those used in telecommunication applications, are often very fragile. This fragility greatly limits their possible application, unless additional components are incorporated into their structure to provide extra strength. Applications which require a higher strength fiber and therefore the incorporation of additional components include certain sensing applications, such as in the oil field, pipeline monitoring, tunnel monitoring, and power cable monitoring. In order to increase the strength of such optical fibers and therefore to enable their use in applications that require a higher strength fiber, such fibers are sometimes enclosed within a protective metal tube or cable.
However, even with or sometimes due to the inclusion of such additional components, the optical fiber may have certain characteristics that are undesirable. For instance, the optical fiber unit may have an unacceptably low tensile strength. Or, the optical fiber unit may have an unacceptably high density.
Thus, there exists a continuing need for an arrangement and/or technique that addresses one or more of the problems that are stated above.
SUMMARY
An optical fiber that includes a metal coating on its exterior, which metal coating enables the optical fiber to be used as a cable. The metal coating may be applied to the optical fiber by drawing the fiber through molten metal that freezes on the fiber surface. The metal coating may comprise nickel, copper, chromium, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, or any combination thereof.
The coated optical fiber may be used in oilfield applications, including instances wherein the coated optical fiber supports the weight of at least one downhole tool. The coated optical fiber may also be used in other applications that require an optical fiber that has a strength that is comparatively higher than typical optical fibers.
Advantages and other features of the invention will become apparent from the following
description, drawing and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. I is a schematic of a prior art optical fiber
Fig. 2 is a schematic of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic of one embodiment by which the metal coating is applied to an optical fiber.
Fig. 4 is a schematic of the optical fiber cable used as a slickline in an oilfield application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic of the optical fiber cable used within a permanent completion.
do; ,. A; .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figure I shows a prior art optical fiber 10, such as the typical optical fiber used for telecommunication applications. The prior art fiber 10 includes a core 12, a cladding 14, and a buffer 16. As is known, light is propagated through the core 12. The core 12 is made from silica.
Cladding 14 usually has an index of refraction that is different that that of the core 14. The cladding 14 also typically has a diameter of 0. 125mm. A buffer 16, which may be comprised of polyimide or acrylate, is applied around the cladding 14 and provides some protection to the core 12 and cladding 14. In order to provide more strength to the fiber 10, a metal tube or cable 18 may be placed surrounding the exterior ofthe fiber 10. As shown in Figure 1, the metal tube 18 surrounds buffer 16; however, alternatively, the metal tube 18 may replace the buffer 16 and surround the cladding 14 directly.
The present invention is the application of a metal coating on a cladding to provide the overall optical fiber unit with greater strength. The greater strength of the optical fiber unit enables its use in applications that require a higher-strength fiber, such as those applications previously indicated.
One embodiment of the present invention is generally shown in Figure 2 at 11. An optical fiber cable 1 1 comprises a core 12, a cladding 20, and a metal coating 22. The core 12 can be constructed and formed from materials as known in the prior art. The core 12 may be multimode or single mode. The cladding 20 surrounds the core 12, and the metal coating 22 surrounds the cladding 20.
As compared to the prior art optical fiber 10 of Figure 1, the cladding 20 of the present invention's fiber cable 11 has a diameter that is much larger than the cladding 14 of the prior art optical fiber 10. For instance, the cladding 20 may have a diameter that measures between 0.2 mm and 5.0 mm. Although the cladding 20 of the present invention has the same optical function as the cladding 14 of the prior art optical fiber 10, the larger diameter of the cladding 20 also adds to the strength and structural integrity of the present invention's optical fiber cable 11.
The metal coating 22 may comprise a coating of a metal that can bind to the silica that comprises the cladding 20. Acceptable metals include, but are not limited to, nickel, copper, chromium, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, or any combination thereof (such as nickel chromium).
The metal coating 22 may be.05 mm to 0.55 mm thick.
In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the metal coating 22 may be applied to the cladding 20 by drawing the cladding 20 and core 12, for instance in the direction of arrow 26, l O through a molten batch 24 of the relevant metal. The molten batch 24 of metal may be kept at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the relevant metal or alloy. The relevant metal or alloy then freezes on the surface of the cladding 20 to form the metal coating 22 as the fiber 10 leaves the molten batch 24 and is exposed to temperatures lower than the melting point of the metal or alloy.
In comparison with the prior art optical fiber 10, the metal coating 22 provides the optical fiber cable 11 with a higher tensile strength (typically three or more times higher than steel) and a lower density (typically three or more times higher than steel).
The optical fiber cable 11 may also include multiple layers of metal coatings 22.
Different metals may be used on each layer.
In one embodiment, the optical fiber cable l l may be used in oil field applications, such as shown in Figures 4 and 5.
In Figure 4, the optical fiber cable l l is used as a slickline, as the term is known in the oil field. The slickline optical fiber cable l l is typically deployed from a reel, which may be housed in a truck, into a wellbore 30. A downhole tool 32, such as a packer, a sensor (for any parameter), or a perforating gun, may be attached proximate the lower end of the optical fiber cable 11. The higher-strength of the optical fiber cable 11 enables the optical fiber cable 11 to not only support its own weight (which can be significant given the length of cable that can be deployed into a wellbore), but also the downhole tool 32. The reel can be operated to deploy or retrieve the optical fiber cable 11 a multiple number of times.
In Figure 5, the optical fiber cable 11 is deployed as part of a permanent completion, including a production tubing 34. The production tubing 34 is deployed in the wellbore 30. The production tubing 34 serves as a fluid conduit between the surface 28 and downhole locations, including formations intersected by the wellbore 30. The optical fiber cable 11 may be deployed interior or exterior to the production tubing 34.
In any oilfield application, including those shown in Figures 4 and 5, the optical fiber cable 11 may be used as a sensor itself. For instance, the optical fiber cable 11 may be used as a temperature sensor using optical time domain reflectometry. In this case, the optical fiber cable 11 may be connected to an opto-electronic unit 40, as shown in Figure 5. As is known in the art, unit 40 may send optical pulses down the core 12 of the optical fiber cable 11, which signals are reflected back to the unit 40 via backscattered light. As disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,823, 166 and 5,592,282 issued to Hartog, both of which are incorporated herein by reference, the backscatted light is analyzed to output a temperature profile along the length of the optical fiber cable 11. The optical fiber cable 11 may also be used as a pressure sensor by incorporating the relevant optical components within the cable 11. In one instance, the optical fiber cable 11 includes fiber brag gratings that, as known in the art, function with an opto-electronic unit 40 as an optical pressure sensor.
The optical fiber cable I 1 may also be used to send optical signals to activate downhole tools, such as tool 32 or another tool incorporated into or proximate the production tubing 34.
Other tools may include valves, sensors, guns, chokes, packers, and pumps. The optical fiber cable 11 would also be connected to a corresponding opto-electronic unit in this case.
In addition, the optical fiber cable 11 may also be used to transmit data to and from the surface 28 and a downhole location. The optical fiber cable 11 would also be connected to a corresponding opto-electronic unit in this case.
The optical fibre cable may also be used in other non-oilfield applications like fire detection in tunnels, pipeline monitoring, structure monitoring, aerospace, and process 1 0 monitoring.
While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous modifications and variations therefrom. It is intended that the appended claims cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
- I claim: 1. An optical fiber cable, comprising: a core; a cladding; and a metal coating surrounding the cladding.
- 2. The cable of claim 1, wherein the cladding has a diameter between 0.2 mm and 5 mm.
- 3. The cable of claim 1, wherein the metal coating is comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, chromium, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, or any combination thereof
- 4. The cable of claim 1, wherein the metal coating is applied to the cladding by drawing the cladding through a molten batch of a metal.
- 5. The cable of claim 4, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, copper, chromium, copper, tin, gold, aluminum, or any combination thereof.
- 6. The cable of claim 1, wherein the cable is used in an oilfeld application.
- 7. The cable of claim 6, wherein the cable is used as a slickline.
- 8. The cable of claim 7, wherein the cable supports the weight of a downhole tool.
- 9. The cable of claim 6, wherein the cable is used in a permanent completion.
- 10. The cable of claim 1, wherein optical signals are transmitted through the core.
- The cable of claim 10, wherein the optical signal comprises data.
- 12. The cable of claim 10, wherein the optical signal activates a downhole tool.
- 13. The cable of claim 10, wherein the optical signal comprises a temperature profile along the cable.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0318953A GB2404994A (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Optical fiber cable |
| PCT/GB2004/003007 WO2005017593A1 (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2004-07-12 | Optical fiber cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0318953A GB2404994A (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Optical fiber cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0318953D0 GB0318953D0 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
| GB2404994A true GB2404994A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
Family
ID=28052395
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0318953A Withdrawn GB2404994A (en) | 2003-08-13 | 2003-08-13 | Optical fiber cable |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2404994A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005017593A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2466360A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | Schlumberger Holdings | A fiber optic slickline |
| US8903243B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2014-12-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Oilfield optical data transmission assembly joint |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100025048A1 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2010-02-04 | Andre Franzen | U-Shaped fiber optical cable assembly for use in a heated well and methods for in-stalling and using the assembly |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4504113A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1985-03-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Reinforced and chemically resistant optical filament |
| US5944865A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1999-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for fabricating an optical fiber coated with metal and method therefor |
| US20010046357A1 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 2001-11-29 | Audun Hordvik | Gold coated signal cable |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4407561A (en) * | 1980-10-14 | 1983-10-04 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Metallic clad fiber optical waveguide |
| US4660928A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1987-04-28 | Spectran Corporation | High tensile strength optical fiber |
| GB8520827D0 (en) * | 1985-08-20 | 1985-09-25 | York Ventures & Special Optica | Fibre-optic sensing devices |
| WO2002057805A2 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-07-25 | Tubel Paulo S | Method and system for monitoring smart structures utilizing distributed optical sensors |
| FR2820593B1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2003-05-23 | Schlumberger Services Petrol | OPTICAL PATH |
-
2003
- 2003-08-13 GB GB0318953A patent/GB2404994A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-07-12 WO PCT/GB2004/003007 patent/WO2005017593A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4504113A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1985-03-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Reinforced and chemically resistant optical filament |
| US5944865A (en) * | 1996-04-25 | 1999-08-31 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for fabricating an optical fiber coated with metal and method therefor |
| US20010046357A1 (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 2001-11-29 | Audun Hordvik | Gold coated signal cable |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2466360A (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-06-23 | Schlumberger Holdings | A fiber optic slickline |
| GB2466360B (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2012-01-11 | Schlumberger Holdings | Fiber optic slickline and tools |
| US9593573B2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2017-03-14 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fiber optic slickline and tools |
| US8903243B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2014-12-02 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Oilfield optical data transmission assembly joint |
| US9285547B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2016-03-15 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Oilfield optical data transmission assembly joint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005017593A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
| GB0318953D0 (en) | 2003-09-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |