GB2400128A - Insulated subsea christmas tree - Google Patents
Insulated subsea christmas tree Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2400128A GB2400128A GB0414434A GB0414434A GB2400128A GB 2400128 A GB2400128 A GB 2400128A GB 0414434 A GB0414434 A GB 0414434A GB 0414434 A GB0414434 A GB 0414434A GB 2400128 A GB2400128 A GB 2400128A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- christmas tree
- insulation material
- subsea christmas
- matrix
- subsea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 24
- 235000004507 Abies alba Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylpropan-1-one Chemical compound C1CCCCN1CC(O)COC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 DMYOHQBLOZMDLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001079 Thiokol (polymer) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100457461 Caenorhabditis elegans mnm-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006334 epoxy coating Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
Abstract
A subsea christmas tree (16) comprises a production bore (28), a production outlet (30) connected to the production bore (28) and a flow loop (24) in communication with the production outlet (30). Polysuphide based thermal insulation (10) surrounds a portion of the flow loop (24).
Description
THER1VIAL INSULATION MATERIAL AND
INSULATED SUBSEA CHRISTMAS TREE USING SAME
Background of the Invention
The present invention is related to an insulation material for use on subsea oil and gas production equipment, and in particular a thermally insulated subsea Christmas tree.
When subsea oil and gas wells are located at depths of 5,000 feet (1524m) or more, the pipelines and wellhead equipment are exposed to seawater which is just a few degrees above 0 freezing. This same temperature can exist in shallow water at extreme latitudes, such as in the North Sea. During a temporary well shutdown, hot produced fluids within the production equipment become stagnant and are cooled by the surrounding seawater. If the stagnant fluids approach the seawater temperature, hydrates can form in the equipment and block the flow of the fluid.
Thermal insulation is sometimes used around subsea pipelines and wellhead equipment to slow the cooling process and delay hydrate formation until flow can be restored. To perform successfully in this environment, a thermal insulation material must have a low thermal conductivity, maintain acceptable insulating and mechanical properties under hydrostatic compression and long term exposure to seawater, have a low rate of water absorption under high pressure, be economical to install, repair and remove on complex or irregular shapes, cure without cracking or leaking from a mold, be flexible and impact resistant, and have good adhesion to the insulated surfaces.
One method of insulating undersea systems involves the use of pre-cast sections of rigid epoxy-syntactic foam. This material comprises a rigid epoxy resin mixed with a high volumetric proportion of hollow glass or ceramic spheres. Although this material exhibits excellent thermal conductivity, it is very brittle. The installation process, which is laborious and expensive, involves casting the material into sheets which are then cut and shaped piecemeal to match the surface of the subsea equipment. Due to the rigidity and brittleness of this material, it is easily damaged when subjected to sudden impacts or high stress levels.
To compound this problem, rigid epoxy-syntactic foams are difficult to repair. Removal or replacement of this material is extremely difficult because the sections are bonded to the surface using adhesives or mechanical fasteners.
An alternative to pre-cast epoxy-syntactic foams is a cast-in-place, rigid epoxy-syntactic, such as Textron TyMar lOK_. Unfortunately, these materials are inherently brittle and exhibit a high exothermic temperature on curing, which causes excessive thermal expansion.
This combination of thermal expansion and brittleness results in extensive cracking when the material is cast in large sections. This material also exhibits a high rate of water absorption.
Furthermore, when cracking does occur during handling or service, a protective resin coated o fiberglass wrap is required to keep the material in place.
Alternate materials include urethane syntactics. However, these materials exhibit a higher rate of water absorption, and are relatively expensive. Also, the typically short curing times of urethane syntactics make them difficult to cast in large or complex sections.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention concerns a subsea Christmas tree comprising insulation material as defined in claim 1. The preferred resin is a modified version of ThiokoltD FNEC 2515, in which the amount of the tertiary amine in the resin hardener has been reduced to slow the curing reaction and thereby decrease the maximum exothermic temperature generated during curing. The preferred insulation material also comprises a plurality of preferably hollow glass beads contained within the matrix to decrease the exothermic heat generated during curing and also improve the thermal conductivity of the material. In addition, a fumed silica thixotropic material may be added to the thermal insulation material as the viscosity modifier.
The thermal insulation material used in the subsea Christmas tree of the present invention exhibits many advantageous properties which make the material particularly beneficial for use on subsea oil and gas production equipment. The matrix material is highly flexible, which makes the insulation material resistant to cracking under thermal or mechanical stress.
In addition, the reduced exothennic heat decreases the thermal expansion rate exhibited by the insulation material during curing. Also, because of its flexibility and minimal thermal expansion, the insulation material can be cast-in-place in thick sections without cracking.
Furthermore, the increased viscosity of the insulation material prevents the mixture from leaking through seams in the mold during application, further improving the cast-in-place performance of the material The insulation material also exhibits a low rate of water absorption, and excellent adhesion to both bare metals and epoxy coatings. Thus, the material as cast exhibits mechanical and thermal properties which are well within acceptable limits for subsea equipment applications. Furthermore, these properties remain within acceptable limits even after prolonged exposure to water at high temperatures and pressures.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be made apparent from lo the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure I is a cross sectional view of the thermal insulation material of the present invention; and Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of a subsea Christmas tree having the thermal insulation of the present invention applied thereto.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
The insulation material used with the subsea Christmas tree of the present invention is suitable for subsea oil and gas production equipment. Referring to Figure 1, the insulation material, which is indicated generally by reference number 10, comprises a matrix 12 of a suitable polysulfide based resin material and a plurality of micro beads 14. In addition, the insulation material 10 also comprises a viscosity modifier to increase the viscosity of the mixture prior to curing.
A preferred matrix 12 comprises a novolac cured polysulfide polymer resin. The preferred matrix 12 is based on a flexible epoxy novolac coating modified with polysulfide, which is available from Polyspec Corporation of Houston, Texas under the brand name Thiokol FNEC 2515. This material is modified by reducing the amount of the tertiary amine in the resin hardener to slow the curing reaction and thereby decrease the maximum exothermic temperature generated during curing of the insulation material 10. The amount by which the tertiary amine is reduced is determined empirically to maintain a suitably low exothermic temperature within an acceptable cure time. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tertiary amine is reduced by an amount sufficient to maintain the exothermic temperature under about 200 F (93 C). A suitable matrix 12 can be obtained by mixing the resin known as "99-NovoTherm_ A" with a resin hardener known as "99-NovoTherm_ B", both of which are available from Polyspec Corporation. Altematively, the matrix material 12 could comprise any other suitable resin, such as a manganese oxide cured polysulfde elastomer.
The addition of the micro beads 14 also contributes to a reduction in the maximum exothermic temperature generated during curing of the insulation material 10. The micro lo beads 14 are preferably hollow, preferably glass beads having a mean diameter of up to about microns. In order to withstand the hydrostatic pressure of a deep sea environment, the beads preferably have an isostatic strength of at least approximately 4,000 psi (27.6 MNm2).
Suitable micro beads for use in this application are Scotchlite_ S38 Glass Bubbles available from 3M Corporation. While glass micro beads 14 are preferred, the micro beads could be made of any suitable material, such as ceramic or a polymer.
The insulation material 10 should include as large a quantity of the micro beads 14 as possible to facilitate effective thermal insulation while maintaining the degrees of water i absorption and brittleness of the insulation material below maximum acceptable levels.
Thus, prior to adding the viscosity modifier, the insulation material 10 should include about I 50-95% by volume of the matrix 12 and about 5-50% by volume of the micro beads 14.
Preferably, the insulation material 10 should include about 75-90% by volume of the matrix 12 and about 10-25% by volume of the micro beads 14. More preferably, the insulation material comprises about 82-87% by volume of the matrix 12 and about 13-18% by volume 2s of the micro beads 14. In one embodiment of the invention, an acceptable insulation material was achieved by mixing 85% by volume of the matrix 12 with 15% by volume of the micro beads 14, as measured prior to adding the viscosity modifier. It should be noted that micro beads 14 of two or more mean diameters may be combined in order to achieve a larger concentration of the micro beads in the insulation material 10.
The viscosity modifier could be any suitable substance which is effective in increasing the viscosity of the insulation material 10. The preferred viscosity modifier is CAB-O-SIL) TS s 720 Treated Fumed Silica, available from Cabot Corporation of Boston, Massachusetts. In the embodiment of the invention wherein the insulation material 10 is cast, the insulation material should comprise between about 5 and 30 grams of viscosity modifier per liter of matrix 12. Preferably, the insulation material comprises between about 5 and 20 grams of viscosity modifier per liter of matrix 12.
More preferably, the insulation material comprises between about 8 and 10 grams of viscosity modifier per liter of matrix 12. In one embodiment of the invention, an acceptable insulation material 10 which was suitable for casting comprised 9.2 grams of viscosity 0 modifier per liter of matrix.
Obviously, a more viscous insulation material 10 may be achieved by adding more viscosity modifier. Thus, in applications where it is desired to trowel the insulation material onto the equipment to be insulated, for example, to make repairs to a previously applied insulation material, the insulation material may comprise more viscosity modifier than the limits mentioned above. For example, an insulation material 10 which can be troweled on the equipment to be insulated may comprise between about 30 and 50 grams of viscosity modifier per liter of matrix 12. More viscosity modifier may be employed to achieve an even more viscous insulation material; however, the concentration of viscosity modifier should be below the amount which would make the mixture so dry as to no longer be coherent.
An exemplary mixture of the insulation material 10 is made by mixing the following constituent substances in any order: parts by volume of the modified Polyspec Thiokol FNEC 2515 resin; 3 parts by volume of the Scotchlite_ S38 Glass Bubbles; and 9.2 grams of CAB-O-SIL TS-720 Treated Fumed Silica per litter of resin.
When cast to a thickness of approximately 2.5 inches (63.5mm), this mixture reached a maximum exothermic temperature of 189 F (87.2 C), and expanded approximately 5 to 6 % relative to the original volume when poured. Both of these measurements are within acceptable limits for the intended application. Listed below are the relevant thermal and mechanical properties of this material, both before after hydrostatic testing. All of these properties are within acceptable limits for the intended application.
Property Value Hardness 46 Shore D Tensile Strength 940 to 1030 psi (6.48 to 7.10 MN.m 2) Tensile Elongation 35 to 45 % Compressive Strength 30,000 psi (207 MN.m2) Thermal Conductivity (dry) 0.12 BTU/(hr.ft. F) (0.208 J/(m.s. C)) lO Density 671bs/ft3 (1073 kg.m3) Specific Heat 0.52 BTU/(lb. F) (2180 J/(kg. C)) Thermal Diffusivity (dry) 0.003 ft2/hr (3.1 x lOm2. hr) Glass Transition Temperature 13 C The thermal insulation material of the above example exhibited the following properties after exposure to water at 230 OF and 3000 psi for 15 days.
Property Value Water absorption 5 % Thermal Conductivity (wet) 0.13 BTU/(hr.ft. OF) (0.225J/(m.s. C)) Hardness 33 Shore D Referring to Figure 2, the insulation material 10 is shown applied to certain portions of a subsea Christmas tree 16. The subsea Christmas tree can be of any known type of subsea 2s Christmas tree, including the so-called horizontal and conventional Christmas trees. Using Figure 2 as an example, such trees typically include an axial production bore 28 in communication with the well bore, a production outlet 30 connected to the production bore, one or more production valves 32 for controlling flow through the production outlet 30, a choke 20 connected to the production outlet 30 via a flow loop 24, an annulus outlet 34 connected to the tubing annulus surrounding the production tubing (not shown), one or more annulus valves 36 for controlling flow through the annulus outlet 34, and a production flow loop 26 for connecting the production outlet with an undersea pipe (not shown). Ideally, besides the flow loop, the insulation material is also applied to those other portions of the Christmas tree 16 which are most exposed to the surrounding seawater and through which the produced fluids will flow. For example, in Figure 2 the insulation material 10 is shown applied to the production valve block 18 housing one or more of the production valves 32, the choke 20, the annulus valve block 22 housing one or more of the annulus valves 36, and the flow loops 24 and 26. Of course, the insulation material 10 may be applied to additional or fewer such other components of the subsea Christmas tree 16 as desired or required under particular circumstances. The thickness of the insulation material 10 in the direction of heat transfer is preferably between about 0.25" and 2" (6.4 and 50.8mm), although the thickness 0 may vary depending on the environment and the geometry of the surface to be insulated.
The insulation material 10 can be installed using a variety of methods. In the preferred method, a forth or mold is constructed around the object to be insulated. The material is then cast between the object and the mold and allowed to cure. Once the material has cured, the mold is removed. Alternatively, the insulation material can be pre-cast into sections which are shaped to complement the object to be insulated. Once the pre-cast sections have cured, they may be secured to the object using adhesives, mechanical fasteners, or any other suitable means. The insulation material can also be sprayed on the object using a spray nozzle or similar device.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the insulation material 10 comprises a base layer and an outer coating overlaying the base layer. The base layer is preferably an inexpensive, flexible, thermally insulating material, such as any of the polysulfide based resins mentioned above. Other suitable base layer materials include a metal oxide cured polysulfide resin and a peroxide cured polysulfide resin. The outer coating preferably exhibits low water absorption under high pressure so as to form an effective sealant for the base layer. Suitable outer coating materials include any of the preferred insulation materials 10 discussed above.
It should be recognized that, while the present invention has been described in relation to the preferred embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art may develop a wide variation of structural and operational details without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
Claims (10)
- Claims: 1. A subsea christmas tree comprising: a production bore; aproduction outlet connected to the production bore; a flow loop in communication with the production outlet; and a polysulfide based thermal insulation material surrounding at least a portion of the flow loop.lo
- 2. The subsea christmas tree of claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation material comprises: a polysulfide based resin matrix; a plurality of non-metallic beads within said matrix; and a viscosity modifier to increase the viscosity of the insulation material prior to curing.
- 3. The subsea christmas tree of claim 2, wherein said matrix comprises a novolac cured polysulfide polymer resin.
- 4. The subsea christmas tree of claim 2 or 3, wherein said beads comprise hollow glass beads.
- 5. The subsea christmas tree of any of claims 2 - 4, wherein said beads comprise a mean diameter of less than about 85 microns and an isostatic strength of at least about 4000 psi (276 MN.m2).
- 6. The subsea christmas tree of any of claims 2 - 5, wherein said viscosity modifier comprises fumed silica.
- 7. The subsea christmas tree of any of claims I - 6, wherein said thermal insulation material comprises: a base layer disposed over said portion of said flow loop; and an outer coating disposed over said base layer.
- 8. The subsea Christmas tree of claim 7, wherein said base layer comprises a polysulfide based resin.
- 9. The subsea Christmas tree of claim 8, wherein the outer coating comprises: a polysulfide based resin matrix; a plurality of non-metallic beads within said matrix; and a viscosity modifier to increase the viscosity of the insulation material prior to curing.lo
- 10. A subsea Christmas tree according to claim] and substantially as described with reference to or as shown in Figure 2.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US19731900P | 2000-04-14 | 2000-04-14 | |
| US09/677,280 US6520261B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-10-02 | Thermal insulation material for subsea equipment |
| GB0226377A GB2384282B (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-13 | Thermal insulation material for subsea equipment |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0414434D0 GB0414434D0 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
| GB2400128A true GB2400128A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| GB2400128B GB2400128B (en) | 2004-11-17 |
Family
ID=32995419
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0414434A Expired - Fee Related GB2400128B (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-04-13 | Thermal insulation material and insulated subsea christmas tree using same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2400128B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016094393A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Carboline Company | Epoxy-based subsea insulation material |
| WO2018218322A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Modular vertical wet christmas tree, installation method and intervention method thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110863797B (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2023-09-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Natural gas well gas production tree circulation heating device and application method thereof |
-
2001
- 2001-04-13 GB GB0414434A patent/GB2400128B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016094393A1 (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Carboline Company | Epoxy-based subsea insulation material |
| US10480287B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2019-11-19 | Carboline Company | Epoxy-based subsea insulation material |
| WO2018218322A1 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2018-12-06 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Modular vertical wet christmas tree, installation method and intervention method thereof |
| US11162317B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2021-11-02 | Fmc Technologies Do Brasil Ltda | Modular vertical wet christmas tree, installation method and intervention method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0414434D0 (en) | 2004-07-28 |
| GB2400128B (en) | 2004-11-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20060413 |