GB2392313A

GB2392313A - Static magnet electric generator

Info

Publication number: GB2392313A
Application number: GB0219679A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Adrian Moncrieffe
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-08-23
Filing date: 2002-08-23
Publication date: 2004-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 2022-08-23
Also published as: GB0301303D0; GB2392313B; GB0219679D0

Abstract

An electric generator includes permanent magnets GCF1, electromagnets GCF2 and coils GCF3 arranged so that the electromagnets can cause fluctuations in the magnetic fields produced by the permanent magnets GCF1. As these magnetic fields are caused to move across the coils GCF3 current is produced.

Description

Self, Powering Electric Generator Electricity generators use mechanical

energy to rotate an aligned anticlockwise wound under from end, to end coil in linear magnetic field. This is because a changing magnetic

flux in the vicinity of an anticlockwise wound under from end, to end coil will induce an E.M.F meaning electromotive force in it. This Self, powering electric generator therefore uses an innovation of electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux. If the electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux is of a linear magnetic flux in the vicinity of an aligned anticlockwise wound under from end to end coil and is by an electromagnet then the E.M.F induced in this same coil will be an inversion of the E.M.F powering the electromagnet. This electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux with its E.M.F inversion effect or potential does not of itself deliver an electrical power gain for this Self, powering electric generator. This Self, powering electric generator therefore uses a power gain in inversion power waveform meaning E.M.F waveform to generate electricity. This Self powering electric generator requires a full magnetic circuit design that does includes the electromagnet to perform the electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux and invert the power gain in inversion power waveform.

This invention is this Self, powering electric generator that is simply defined by and as simply using the electricity generating methods already actually described. Therefore it is this Self, powering electric generator using these electricity generating methods and what, ever magnetic circuit design that can perform them.

This description will therefore continue in example sections. Power gain drop from

transistor and diode voltage drop plus Self powering electric generator power output calculation along with example magnetic circuit plus the electrical and electronic circuit supplying the power gain in inversion power waveform are explained in these sections.

This is with reference to the drawings with this description.

EXAMPLESECTION 1 EXAMPLE MAGNETIC CIRCUll The magnetic circuit design as described as follows is an example.

FIGURE I O shows part of the row.

FIGURE I I shows part of the row in focus and full detail.

Both Figure 10 and Figure 1 lis a row of cylindrical bar magnets -GCF1 with same proportions of shape but notably a little smaller in actual size electromagnets CF2 are positioned in between them. Very importantly the electromagnets are ferromagnetic soft iron cored to fully divert the magnetic flux of the magnets with its similar magnetic flux density. The actual smaller length of the electromagnets to the magnets is occupied with nonmagnetic and non-heat conducting caps -GCF4 that cover the whole magnet ends surface area to the electromagnets. Anticlockwise wound under from end, to end coils --

GCF3 are wound over and evenly magnetically air gapped from the electromagnets. This magnetic air gap is occupied by a nonmagnetic heat conducting, material that also acts to maintain this evenly spaced magnetic air gap. The magnetic flux of the magnets that is

indeed of the electromagnetic diversion is fully aligned to GCF3, which can be called the power gain output coils by a layer of soft iron ferromagnetic material -GCF7. This layer must importantly be in direct actual physical contact with GCF3 the power gain output coils. This layer should also be of some thickness about the same as the occupied magnetic air gap between the electromagnets and the power gain output coils. The feature arrow lined reference numbered GCF6 is the magnetic flux of the magnets at stage in cycle of electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux fully diverted away from the vicinity of the GCF3 the power gain output coils and fully to the electromagnets. At the other end of this cycle is GCF5. The magnetic flux of the magnets is concentrated by the ferromagnetic soft iron core of the electromagnets and is at this cycle stage of GCF5 joined continuous flux lines from magnet end to magnet end. But the magnetic flux of the magnets is not fully aligned with the power gain output coils. It does need to be though.

This as already mentioned is what GCF7 is for. An additional power gain is possible for this Self, powering electric generator. FIGURE 19 is showing divided inner core cylindrical bar magnet. It is actually divided by an anticlockwise wound under from end to end coil very similar to GCF3. The changing flux of the electromagnets is always attracted to the magnets not concentrated by there. This is the reason why this coil is positioned within the magnets. The changing flux of the electromagnets is as already mentioned always attracted to the magnets and at the same time the changing flux and electromagnetism of the electromagnets produces the constant cycle of electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux in the vicinity of the power gain output coils. This means that this Self, powering electric generator is as is first and foremost without anything to do with an additional power gain but there is the option of an additional power gain with the actual technical explanation already just mentioned just that. It is an option. It is however that this Self, powering electric generator as is can at the same time output its power gain in inversion power waveform as a normal conventional transformer with its electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux performing magnetic circuit transformer capability. This Self, powering electric generator also requires a normal conventional transformer to channel and voltage step up to more than transistor and diode voltage drop the one non sine wave inversion input power waveform. This non sine wave inversion input power waveform is much less than the Self, powering supply voltage=SP/SV even minus transistor and diode voltage drop to its channeling purpose transformer. It therefore needs to be voltage stepped up to the SP/SV. The reason for this one non sine wave inversion input power waveform is mentioned in the next section. This is totally separate from the main magnetic circuit. This example magnet circuit performing the inversion power gain is actually exampled twice for the two different phased sine wave inversion power gain in inversion power waveforms. All three waveform channels are mentioned and reasoned in explanation in the next section. Physically and technically it would have to be two physically and magnetically separate rows. All three, output power waveforms can and must be voltage stepped up to counter transistor and diode voltage drop. The additional power gain output power waveforms which is the same as the power gain in inversion input power waveform powering its row origin also needs to be voltage stepped up to counter transistor and diode voltage drop. Transistor voltage drop of the power gain in inversion input power waveforms to the electromagnets is caused by these input power waveform channeling transistors having their own resistance that will be in series with the resistance of the electromagnets of course to the power supply. These

channeling transistors may need to actually be two twin parallel ones to not exceed the power rating of its type. This will be fully explained in Section Three because it needs to be for that section. The magnetic circuit may need a heat sink or a, water, cooling system for heat dissipation or active ventilation for heat dissipation.

EXAMPLESECTION 2 ELECTRICAL AND ELECT KONIC CIRCUIT The electrical and electronic circuit of this self powering electric generator supplies two power gain in inversion power waveforms which are sine wave inversion power waveforms but also one other power waveform of a different form.

FIGURE 1 shows this example power gain in inversion input power waveform type in this amplitude time graph as IPW standing for input power waveform. OPW here stands for output power waveform.

This one other different form power waveform is a total input power sum up power waveform that has the essential function of giving this Self, powering electric generator a full direct current of fixed voltage power input. This means that its actual power output is full direct current of fixed voltage. This is because the electrical and electronic circuit has smoothing power capacitors that change the output power waveforms that are actually direct current to full direct current of fixed or near fixed voltage. The near fixed or fixed voltage is thankfully because of merged smoothed power output of the three output power waveforms.

FIGURE 3 is an amplitude time graph showing the full direct current of fixed voltage input consisting of all three, power waveform. These are the different time phased sine wave inversion input power waveforms IPWA, IPWB and full DC meaning direct current of fixed voltage input power sum up power waveform IPWC. MA with pointing arrow here means maximum amplitude of IPWC to indicate much lower voltage amplitude of IPWC to IPWA and IPWB.

IPWC meaning input power waveform C as actually mentioned in example section I needs to be voltage stepped up by above its transistor and diode voltage drop value to Self powering supply voltage=SP/SV.

FIGURE 9 shows the electrical and electronic circuit of this Self, powering electric generator. It is less an example and more how it actually is required to be. There is only one reference number arrow joining nonlinear continuous line. This is because even being non linear it could confuse the circuit diagram. Instead the reference numbers are written in or right next to the circuit symbols. For the electrical and electronic circuit along with the Self powering electric generator power output calculation section the three input power waveforms are label A, B and C. These labeled input power waveforms have their own circuit sections. WGA/S is an IC meaning integrated circuit chip waveform generator of selected sine wave. The sine wave output is AC meaning alternating current

and swinging positive and negative. This IC generator does therefore, requires dual power supply for the plus, zero and minus voltage rail.

FIGURE 5 shows this dual power supply and its voltage rails.

Ideally the sine wave inversion input power gain in inversion waveform creating, operational amplifiers are to use them as well. This even though the sine wave inversion input power gain in inversion power waveform is DC meaning direct current waveform.

The OA symbol is the operational amplifier.

FIGURE 4 is my circuit diagram symbol to represent the magnet circuit performing the electromagnetic diversion of magnet flux.

This circuit diagram symbol is of course shown in the FIGURE 9 electrical and electronic circuit of this Self, powering electric generator. This circuit diagram will be understandable and a guide to people who have studied electronics to very good grade GCSE Electronics or higher. To be more effective in this example section I will go straight into required explanation about it. The circuit diagram shows the joining of the outputs from the three input power waveforms. The smoothing power capacitors clearly shown and label SCA and SCC. IPWB/CS means the circuit section of or rather for input power waveform B. It is a repeat example of IPWA/CS being of course for input power waveform A. IPWC/CS contains WDC/NS meaning waveform designator C non sine wave. This is operational amplifiers subtracting the added voltages at any given time of the two different phase sine wave inversion power waveform from the full fixed DC supply voltage of this Self powering electric generator. Transistors normally have a minimum voltage at base requirement but a fixed voltage base of this same value can be added to all three waveforms received at the base of the three or even four essential transistors. This can be done, by using four final stage operational amplifiers. One of these is an inverter of plus voltage value of the minimum voltage at base required for the four same type transistors. This voltage value now turned to minus voltage is outputted to the minus inputs of the three other operational amplifiers. The three different, channel un-

added to waveforms of the semifinal stage are outputted to the plus inputs of these three separate operational amplifiers. The three final output waveforms channeled to the three separate twin transistors plus now have a fixed voltage base added to it of the minimum base voltage of the same type transistors actually used. The three power waveforms from the three power transistor channels to the electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux performing electromagnets must actually have the* added fixed base voltage fully attenuated so that thee is no distortion in the diversion and secure proper full power gain in inversion. This will also reduce heat produced in these electromagnet coils. Bipolar semiconductor power transistors optimally should be used because they share the same forward voltage drop as semiconductor power diodes. The added to fixed voltage base is attenuated by the forward voltage drop of this type of diode placed in the power transistor channels to the electromagnets and the normal conventional transformers for this purpose. The reason for the twin transistor configurations in all three channels is that the three waveforms to them from the operational amplifiers stage cannot have a maximum voltage of or approaching the power supply voltage of this Self powering electric

s generator nor can the power transistors in single configuration or any other deliver any power waveform or voltage state of or approaching the self powering supply voltage to the electromagnets that of course perform the diversion of magnetic flux. The set maximum undistorted voltage amplitude of the operational amplifier output waveform as well as its input waveform will be less than the Self, powering supply voltage. The ideal example values along with actually all the actual in relation to values is for or of a similar scale working model example. This particular value just mentioned is exampled in relation to the other values in these description example sections. This value is the

maximum voltage amplitude. The transistors share part of the supply voltage with electromagnet coils because of variable resistance share voltage divide. The operational amplifier maximum amplitude voltage of output waveforms to transistor base is TBV max=12. The Self, powering supply voltage is SP/SV=14. The values ofthe resistors to the transistor bases can, are and must be lower in value to deliver the same value of current waveform the transistor bases as it would if the peak voltage amplitude of the waveform to it from the operational amplifiers were the same value as the Self, powering supply voltage. Calculations for the, correct actual value of these transistor base resistors is as follows. Bipolar transistor have a current gain =HFE of a known value. For this example calculation it is easier to understand in terming it different from electronics text, books. The transistor collector to emitter resistance which in series with the electromagnet coils row resistance to the Self powering supply is to be determined by the actual accepted set value transistor voltage drop to these rows. This determines the maximum actual amplitude of power waveform amplitude voltage to these rows. The Self, powering supply, voltage value=SP/SV is the peak amplitude voltage value of the voltage stepped up output power waveforms. These three different channel non-

additional power gain output power waveforms are voltage stepped up to counter transistor and diode voltage drop. The additional power gain would also need to be stepped up to counter transistor and diode voltage drop.

FIGURE 2 shows the Self, powering electric generator input power labeled=I and its, output power value labeled=0 in actual voltage to current in this voltage=V to current--A graph. In relation to the maximum transistor base voltage value=TBV max value relative to the Self, powering supply voltage value=SP/SV value, the current gain of the, transistor which of course is of all, the one single exact specification type transistor to be used

determines the transistor base resistor value. It is simply the set collector to emitter in series resistance value multiplied by this actual current gain. This is because the base current is an almost constant fraction of the collector to emitter current. Twin transistor channel configurations can be used to share power and current if required in order not to exceed the power rating of single exact same type used. But the single transistor base resistor connected to both the transistor bases in all three channels will need to be multiplied by the number of transistors in parallel in each power waveform channel which in that case would be two. Power gain is reduced due to transistor and diode voltage drop or diode forward voltage drop to be more precise. The transistor voltage drop in particular actually has nothing to do with the minimum voltage at base value requirement with the twin parallel transistor. The transistors as already explained have there own resistance. They deliver and channel the power waveforms to the electromagnet coil row through their constantly changing resistance, which as already

mentioned is in series with the fixed resistance of the electromagnet row. The diodes are needed to ensure that the actual DC power waveforms are smoothed into full fixed or near fixed voltage DC meaning direct current power output. The FIGURE 9 electrical and electronic circuit diagram is a guide that leads on to the Self, powering electric generator power output calculation section. The electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux performing magnetic circuit can and certainly must step up the voltage of the power gain in inversion output power waveform to counter the transistor and diode voltage drop. The input power waveform to the normal conventional transformer ensures the actual power output of this Self powering electric generator is full DC power by totaling up the input power to full fixed DC power of fixed voltage. All input power waveforms must be stepped up to the Self, powering electric generator power output voltage, which is the supply voltage. There are other very note worthy issues that now can be explained in the next section that follows from this or after it.

EXAMPLE SECTION 3 SELF POWERING ELECI RIC GENERATOR POWER

OUTPUT CALCULATION The mean value of a sine wave is 0.637. This means that the mean value of the sine wave inversion power gain in inversion power waveforms is 0.363. The inversion power gain output power waveform is therefore 0.637. For proper inversion for power gain in the electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux the magnetic field strength or intensity of the electromagnets performing the diversion must not exceed

that of the magnets. These two same meaning terms also means power of the magnets or electromagnets. The E.M.F meaning voltage of the input power gain in inversion power waveform at any given time across the electromagnets determines the current at that same given time in or to the electromagnet. It is the actual current flowing in the electromagnet determines the electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux and its inversion effect. This is because the current flowing in the electromagnets actually determines the power of them.

So the actual E.M.F meaning voltage across the electromagnets, which is in series with the power waveform channeling and delivering power transistors to the power supply determines the current flowing in the electromagnets. This very current flowing in the electromagnet is the in effect input power waveform to the electromagnets. The matter of wattage only concerns the amount of current a load can take without failing performance with the current determined by its impedance meaning resistance. The impedance of any electrical device must too low that too much current is taken that exceeds the wattage.

Wattage actually means the electrical power in a load. This means in actual effect the current following in a load determined by the E.M.F received by that load impedance.

The reason for this full explanation of wattage is that I refer to the waveforms as power waveforms to the transistor or electromagnets. Wattage is electrical power. The power waveforms I refer to are actually only voltage meaning E.M.F amplitude determined.

These power waveforms are therefore certainly not V meaning voltage multiplied by I meaning current. It is just voltage amplitude waveform. This voltage of course determines current following in a, fixed load impedance. Magnetic field strength is also

the intensity and field reach of a magnet or electromagnet. Magnetic flux density is the

actual strength of a magnet or electromagnet and for electromagnets is determined by its core. An air core is very low density would make an electromagnet of weak strength.

Ferromagnetic core electromagnets are physically effective electromagnets. The magnetic field strength of the electromagnets must neither exceed nor fall short of that of the

magnets at maximum voltage meaning E.M.F amplitude of the input sine wave inversion power gain in inversion power waveforms to the electromagnets. This ensures that there is no distortion of the inversion power gain output power waveform.

As already mentioned the magnetic field strength of the electromagnets must not exceed

that of the magnets. In the example magnetic circuit the magnets are larger than the electromagnets. The size for size magnetic field strength of the electromagnets is likely to

have to be higher than the magnets by only enough though to fully divert the magnetic flux of the magnets from the vicinity of the outer coil. This will be with little or no loss of power gain. If at 0.6W with W meaning watts to the electromagnets the magnetic field

strength of the electromagnets is the same as the magnets the power gain output of this Self, powering electric generator can be determined from all the other following power output factor values. These factors are obviously electrical and electronic of course and are noted and ordered below.

The maximum electrical power to the electromagnet row with the power supply at full diversion of magnetic flux of the magnets from the vicinity of the outer coil, these outer coils can also be called the power gain output coils. This is determined by the following.

The maximum voltage to the electromagnet row with the- self, powering supply. This will be minus the minimum supply voltage divide, to the transistor determined by its minimum resistance value in series with the electromagnet row resistance with the- self, powering supply voltage.

The mean value of a sine wave is 0.637. So the mean electrical power of a sine wave power waveform is 0.637 of its peak power.

The mean value of a sine wave inversion is 1 minus 0.637. This value is 0. 363. The resistance of the electromagnet row to the- Self, powering supply. The resistance of the same magnetic circuit magnetic flux diversion row power gain output outer coils row to the Self, powering supply. This resistance is of the same conductor material and same thickness of diameter wire coil as the electromagnets. This resistance must be higher to voltage step up to counter transistor and diode voltage drop.

The minimum voltage requirement at the transistors bases, which is 0.7 volts for bipolar semiconductor transistors, actually has nothing to do with the actual transistor voltage drop. Bipolar semiconductor transistors are input current controlled. The determined transistor voltage drop, which affects power gain, will determine the collector to emitter resistance value in relation to the resistance of the electromagnet coil row. This is actually mentioned and explained in Section 2. The example Self, powering electric generator power output calculations is on the Self, powering electric generator power output calculation sheet.

ADDITIONAL DRAWINGS FIGURES

FIGURE 6 shows a transformer with split secondary power output coil with smoothing power capacitors in both equal sections. This can provide the dual power supply as it also shows. FIGURE 7 shows electrical light bulb and speaker symbols as electrical devices that can be powered by domestic portable Self, powering generator units. These domestic electrical items use can use large currents. There are more modern and advanced electrical lighting devices and other electrical and electronic devices that use less current like the LED meaning light, emitting diode for example.

FIGURE 8 shows a Self, powering electric generator Power station. Its internal initial direct current--DC power output is converted into AC meaning alternating current in stage two power gain with DC to AC conversion incorporated into actual stage two power gain in inversion. The initial full DC of fixed voltage will be two separate, transfonner channeled to an actual DC sine wave inversion power gain in inversion stage two power gain power input and a sine wave non power gain transformer output power channeling. FIGURE 12 is a Power Supply Protection Circuit. A power supply must be protected against the possibility of damage due to current overload. Short circuit overload protection is provided by, the current limit circuit of Figure 12. When IL R exceeds about 0.6V then transistor Q2 conducts so preventing any further increase in the base current drive to Q. This is a short circuit overload protection circuit.

FIGURE 13 is an Over Voltage Protection Circuit. Many power supplies provide protection against an over voltage output due to component failure within the supply.

This is referred to as crowbar protection and one method is shown in Figure 13. When Vo exceeds the safe level of about V z + 0.6V then the ZENER conducts and crowbar THYRISTOR switches on thus effectively shorting the supply output. This is an over voltage protection circuit.

FIGURE 14 is a diagram sketch drawing of a small domestic portable Self, powering electric generator unit.

FIGURE 15 is a diagram sketch drawing of a small Self, powering electric generator unit powered torch lantern.

FIGURE 16 is the actual symbol for a ZENER diode.

FIGURE 17 is operational amplifier input or transistor base current gain correctional voltage referencing with the use of an, add on resistance fixed easy identifiable changeable valuing.

SELF Pole R. ELECTRIC G-ENE=1oR poser output C^LCrt0N SHEET EXAMPLE

WA+:l:ph,B+Iph/c = 1 = T.I P_ 061 I PEA "Od IPB arc Sine loons inilersion_ o.363 IRWC = 1= 076=O-74,XEROJU,AOL,E, CHAIN

O IphI^ PLtAsIPhIE'=o.637X=l a74pabEt Total oTAL Poller GritI OF THIS SELF PEERING ELCT"C THERETO = l.;L74+0 a74- 548xo.8-1;1384 THE ToT^L PohrER ELCTRIcA' FohE ol4TPUT OF 7=S SELF_POERZ H Ed CTJ=c GENERATOR PER ELECTCO^hT 11>UI,, ROWE DRY I/-h,A*:PhlB no) role in i)c, Q tror.ilor h2. to.c drip of /04 ua/oode \JI;aqe Offs oF is,% omd ",l actrc-2poer toss t0A Scat Nisi pal ion of d Ail s.- Sly JO = To%= 0-5 L-o 7- 0 B)c1548-1 2384X T I.P(PER ElECTR^U'4' = 7381txo h'=0 7430'-71: P= 014307-o.ill = 0 130+ Wall5per e2cct=qc} no} told, Current t - Ohm Eleclne] nol rob _ I" p' Vol.tolo' microns Eciror7nXnlmber role.

- gamin EIclocXn"= in row. Chrrcn) IcIrol; lElclmagnil(rop).dl-/ll^-e. E C Rat E LLY O-579ACbCOil res ist nCc 1, = 0-% hl E C R , J XECR =laelo E c R op pocr /(WEcR ECRQ=I=Qpsio ECR h/LO EC=VO1LSIO ECILX qsioc12 =

Claims

CLAIMS.

1. A Self, powering electric generator that uses electromotive force power waveform inversion in electromagnetic diversion of magnetic flux.

2. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 1 that uses a power gain in inversion power waveform.

3. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2 that uses any magnetic circuit design that performs this.

4. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 2 that is therefore self powering and can be powered or power driven externally instead.

5. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 3 that uses any electrical and power electronics circuitry system in its operation.

6. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 3 that may use the additional power gain of an anticlockwise wound under from end to end coil occupying the divide of divided inner core magnets used for the additional power gain.

7. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 2, claim 3, claim 5 and claim 6 that stage two power gain incorporated into an initial DC power output to AC actual power output.

8. A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 2, claim 4, claim 6 and claim 7 that may use a power gain in inversion cascade and the additional power gain.

9 A Self, powering electric generator as claimed in claim 3 that uses any active heat dissipation system for the heat it dissipates.