GB2382871A - Heating and cooling in railway carriages - Google Patents

Heating and cooling in railway carriages Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2382871A
GB2382871A GB0129423A GB0129423A GB2382871A GB 2382871 A GB2382871 A GB 2382871A GB 0129423 A GB0129423 A GB 0129423A GB 0129423 A GB0129423 A GB 0129423A GB 2382871 A GB2382871 A GB 2382871A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heating
ceiling panel
carriage
air
cooling system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB0129423A
Other versions
GB2382871B (en
GB0129423D0 (en
Inventor
David William Beale
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SECO ALUMINIUM Ltd
Original Assignee
SECO ALUMINIUM Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SECO ALUMINIUM Ltd filed Critical SECO ALUMINIUM Ltd
Priority to GB0129423A priority Critical patent/GB2382871B/en
Publication of GB0129423D0 publication Critical patent/GB0129423D0/en
Publication of GB2382871A publication Critical patent/GB2382871A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2382871B publication Critical patent/GB2382871B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00207—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices characterised by the position of the HVAC devices with respect to the passenger compartment
    • B60H2001/00235—Devices in the roof area of the passenger compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/06—Coatings; Surface treatments having particular radiating, reflecting or absorbing features, e.g. for improving heat transfer by radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

A heating and cooling system for a railway carriage 12 comprises a ceiling panel 10 made of extruded aluminium, running longitudinally of the carriage 12, and having it's exposed surface coated or treated to increase it's emissivity, with an array of ribs 14 on the upper side; an air conduit 18 conducting ambient or cooled air over the ribs 14; a ram air-intake (fig 2, 20) at one end of the roof (12) and an identically shaped air outlet (fig 2,22) at the other, so that the cooling air flow through the conduit is reversed on reversal of the carriage motion; control means to either permit or block the cooling air flow; and heating means in the form of an electric heating cable 16, passing through a passage formed in the ceiling panel 10 and being operated when the air flow is blocked, for the panel 10 to act as a heater.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
TITLE Heating and Cooling System DESCRIPTION Field of the Invention The invention relates to heating and cooling systems for railway carriages, for heating the carriage interiors in cold weather and cooling them in warm weather.
Background Art Air conditioning for railway carriages generally involves an air circulation system for pumping warm air through vents into the carriages in winter and for pumping cool air through the same vents in summer. The system is expensive to install and to run.
Installation requires the provision of ducting through the railway carriages, an air impeller unit for forcing air through the ducting, and heating and cooling means for controlling the temperature of that forced air flow. Generally the ducting is at or near floor level in the carriage, usually under seats. This method of temperature regulation is wasteful when the carriage windows are open, as the heating or cooling effect of the ducted air is rapidly dissipated via air changes throughout the carriage. At least one air impeller unit, one air conditioning refrigeration unit and one air heating unit is required for each railway carriage, as well as a sophisticated air flow control system of baffles within the ducting to ensure that all the heated or cooled air is not delivered to the carriage interior in a single zone adjacent the air impeller, with minimal air supply to the end of the carriage remote from the air impeller.
In addition to being complicated to install and expensive to run, the above air conditioning systems are relatively heavy. Weight considerations are increasingly taken into account as an integral part of good carriage design, since a lighter carriage can represent appreciable fuel savings during its lifetime of service.
The Invention The invention provides a heating and cooling system for a railway carriage for warming the carriage interior in cold weather and cooling it in hot weather,
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
comprising: a ceiling panel made of extruded aluminium and shaped to run longitudinally of the carriage ceiling; a high thermal emissivity coating or surface treatment on an undersurface of the ceiling panel to be exposed to the railway carriage interior; an array of integrally moulded heat exchange ribs on the top surface of the ceiling panel; an air conduit for transporting ambient or cooled air over the surface of the ribs, having a ram air intake at one end shaped to open above the roof of the carriage and an identically shaped air outlet at the other end, so that the intake and outlet functions are reversed on a reversal of the direction of movement of the carriage; means for selectively opening or blocking off the air conduit to control the cooling effect of the air passing over the ribs; and means for selectively heating the ceiling panel when air flow through the conduit is blocked, to cause it to act as a radiator to heat the carriage interior in cold weather.
The high thermal emissivity coating or surface treatment of the undersides of the extruded ceiling panels has a two-way function. It enables the panels to act as high efficiency radiators for heating the railway carriages in cold weather. But it also increases, to a comparable extent, the heat absorption characteristics of the ceiling panels permitting them to be used as a heat sink to draw heat from the carriage interiors in warm weather. The efficiency of the resulting cooling is dependent on the rate of heat withdrawal from the ribbed top surface of the extruded ceiling panels, and that is achieved by establishing a flow of cooling air over the ribs. In underground railway carriages in particular, that cooling air may be ambient air since the air in the tunnels of an underground railway network is generally cool enough even in summer to contribute to a high rate of heat withdrawal from the interior of a railway carriage. Some railway carriages, particularly those operating in full sun on the surface, may require additional cooling of the air passing over the heat exchange ribs; and that additional cooling may be provided by a sealed refrigeration unit in the air conduit or by using the forced air flow through the conduit to cause the evaporation of water in the conduit.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
The means for heating the panel in cold weather is preferably at least one electric heating wire or cable extending longitudinally of the ceiling panel and lying in a passage or recess formed in the aluminium extrusion of the ceiling panel.
The high thermal emissivity of the surface coating or surface treatment of the undersides of the ceiling panels may be a coating or treatment that establishes high thermal emissivity into the far infrared zone of the spectrum. Such surface coatings or treatments are known per se, and can increase the surface emissivity to up to 90% of a black body radiation level. For example, a random anodisation of the underside of the ceiling panel may be followed by the application of a coating with high infrared transmission characteristics. The coating may be colourless and transparent, in which case a decorative colour applied to the aluminium (for example gold or bronze colour) during anodisation will show through to give a visually attractive gold-or bronzecoloured panel with the desired thermal emissivity.
Drawings Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section through an underground railway carriage incorporating a heating and cooling system according to the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the carriage of Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a cross-section through a ceiling panel of the heating and cooling system of Figure 1.
Figure 1 shows very schematically the positioning of heat transfer ceiling panels 10 in a railway carriage 12. Unlike conventional convector heaters or hot air ducts which tend to be positioned at or close to floor level, the panels 10 are positioned in the ceiling of the carriage. They may be flat or curved in section, and when used as heaters warm the interior of the railway carriage by radiation.
The panels 10 may be formed in one piece as continuous aluminium extrusions extending longitudinally of the carriage, as in Figure 3, or may be formed as a series of panel elements which slot or clip together to lie longitudinally side by side to give
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
the visual appearance of an integral panel of greater width than the individual extrusions.
The upper surface of the panel 10 is ribbed as shown in Figure 3. The ribs 14 are moulded integrally with the panel 10 and may be all the same height as illustrated in Figure 3 or may comprise alternate high and low upstanding ribs. The latter is preferred as it has good heat exchange properties and requires lower moulding pressures in the extrusion process.
The undersurface of the panels 10 is coated or treated to give a high thermal emissivity finish. For example, the underside may be first anodised in a random anodisation process and optionally coloured at the same time. Then the anodised surface can be coated with a coating having high infrared transmission characteristics, preferably establishing high thermal emissivity into the far infrared zone of the spectrum.
Figure 3 shows an electric heating cable 16 passing through a passage formed in the extruded ceiling panel 10. The cable 16 may be threaded through a completely enclosed passage as shown or may be laid in a longitudinal recess formed during the extrusion process. The result is a radiative heat panel placed at a high level in the carriage for warming passengers in cold weather by radiation. The radiative heating is effective irrespective of air temperature, so that air circulation within the carriage is much less important than it is with current convector heaters at or near floor level.
The same ceiling panels 10 are used for cooling passengers in hot weather. It will be seen from Figure 3 that a panel of insulation board 17 placed over the extruded aluminium panel and retained in position by extruded slots in the panel defines, with the aluminium panel, an air conduit 18 extending longitudinally of the carriage. At one end of the carriage is an air scoop 20 (Figure 2) and at the other end is an air discharge cowl 22, both of which communicate with the interior of the air conduit 18. The scoop 20 and cowl 22 are the same shape as each other but point in opposite directions so that in one direction of train motion the scoop 20 acts to force a flow of
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
ram air down the conduit 18 in one direction, and in the opposite direction of train motion the roles of air scoop and air discharge cowl are reversed so that air flows in the opposite direction down the conduit 18.
A shut-off valve (not shown) is provided at one or both ends of the conduit 18 for selectively opening or blocking off the ram air flow caused by the forward motion of the carriage.
In warm weather the shut-off valve is open, and there is a flow of air down the conduit 18 and in heat-exchange contact with the ribs 14. The high heat emissivity of the under surface of the ceiling panel also gives it high heat adsorption properties, and heat is drawn from the carriage interior, raising the temperature of the ribs 14. If the carriage is the carriage of an underground train then the ribs can be cooled sufficiently by the flow of ambient air drawn from the underground tunnel to achieve significant cooling of the carriage interior. If the carriage is running above ground, then a heat exchange unit may be needed within the conduit 18, to achieve the necessary cooling of the carriage interior. If the cooling air flow is required to be independent of the carriage forward motion then the air flow may be fan-induced or fan-assisted.

Claims (8)

1. A heating and cooling system for a railway carriage for warming the carriage interior in cold weather and cooling it in hot weather, comprising: a ceiling panel made of extruded aluminium and shaped to run longitudinally of the carriage ceiling; a high thermal emissivity coating or surface treatment on an undersurface of the ceiling panel to be exposed to the railway carriage interior ; an array of integrally moulded heat exchange ribs on the top surface of the ceiling panel; an air conduit for transporting ambient or cooled air over the surface of the ribs, having a ram air intake at one end shaped to open above the roof of the carriage and an identically shaped air outlet at the other end, so that the intake and outlet functions are reversed on a reversal of the direction of movement of the carriage; means for selectively opening or blocking off the air conduit to control the cooling effect of the air passing over the ribs; and means for selectively heating the ceiling panel when air flow through the conduit is blocked, to cause it to act as a radiator to heat the carriage interior in cold weather.
2. A heating and cooling system according to claim 1, wherein the high thermal emissivity coating or surface treatment on the underside of the ceiling panel is a coating or treatment that establishes high thermal emissivity into the far infrared zone of the spectrum.
3. A heating and cooling system according to claim 2, wherein the coating or surface treatment comprises a random anodisation of the underside of the ceiling panel followed by application of a coating with high infrared transmission characteristics.
4. A heating and cooling system according to any preceding claim, wherein the heat exchange ribs on the top surface of the ceiling panel comprise alternate high and low upstanding ribs.
<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
5. A heating and cooling system according to any preceding claim, wherein the means for selectively heating the ceiling panel comprises one or more electric heating wires or cables.
6. A heating and cooling system according to claim 5, wherein the electric heating wires or cables extend longitudinally of the ceiling panel and lie in passages or recesses formed in the aluminium extrusion of the ceiling panel.
7. A heating and cooling system according to any preceding claim, wherein the ceiling panel comprises two or more extruded aluminium components clipped or otherwise fastened together edge to edge to form a composite ceiling panel with a flat or curved underside.
8. A heating and cooling system substantially as described herein with reference to the drawings.
GB0129423A 2001-12-08 2001-12-08 Heating/Cooling system for railway carriages Expired - Fee Related GB2382871B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0129423A GB2382871B (en) 2001-12-08 2001-12-08 Heating/Cooling system for railway carriages

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0129423A GB2382871B (en) 2001-12-08 2001-12-08 Heating/Cooling system for railway carriages

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0129423D0 GB0129423D0 (en) 2002-01-30
GB2382871A true GB2382871A (en) 2003-06-11
GB2382871B GB2382871B (en) 2005-03-02

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017103A3 (en) * 2006-04-19 2008-02-05 Peeters Marc Alfons Eug Ne Profile for heat exchanger, has U shaped cross section comprising flanged arms and rear wall with integral tubular portions extending parallel to these arms
WO2014182174A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-13 Norsk Hydro Asa High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications
CN104433264A (en) * 2014-12-09 2015-03-25 贵州科聪科技开发有限公司 Multifunctional electric heating tea table with air purifier
CN105313907A (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-02-10 南车四方车辆有限公司 Compartment for tramcar and tramcar
EP2281960A4 (en) * 2008-04-23 2016-06-15 Ishinoyu Co Ltd Indoor environment regulation system
EP3118533A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-18 Almeco GmbH Ceiling element, in particular heating and cooling ceiling element on an aluminium or steel basis
WO2017013017A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Almeco Gmbh Ceiling element, in particular heating and cooling ceiling element, on the basis of aluminium or steel
DE102019207923A1 (en) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Siemens Mobility GmbH Passenger vehicle and method for heating at least one step of an entry area of a passenger vehicle

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019202216A1 (en) * 2019-02-19 2020-08-20 Siemens Mobility GmbH Arrangement for heating a floor of a rail vehicle interior
DE102022207794A1 (en) 2022-07-28 2024-02-08 Siemens Mobility GmbH Rail vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700607A1 (en) * 1993-01-18 1994-07-22 Muller Cie Space heater providing radiant emission from non-planar surfaces
WO1997006389A1 (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-02-20 Philip Ferdinando Villa Coving heating system
EP1186501A2 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-03-13 Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH Air conditioning system for vehicles and aircraft

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700607A1 (en) * 1993-01-18 1994-07-22 Muller Cie Space heater providing radiant emission from non-planar surfaces
WO1997006389A1 (en) * 1995-08-08 1997-02-20 Philip Ferdinando Villa Coving heating system
EP1186501A2 (en) * 2000-09-05 2002-03-13 Liebherr-Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH Air conditioning system for vehicles and aircraft

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017103A3 (en) * 2006-04-19 2008-02-05 Peeters Marc Alfons Eug Ne Profile for heat exchanger, has U shaped cross section comprising flanged arms and rear wall with integral tubular portions extending parallel to these arms
EP2281960A4 (en) * 2008-04-23 2016-06-15 Ishinoyu Co Ltd Indoor environment regulation system
WO2014182174A1 (en) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-13 Norsk Hydro Asa High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications
CN104433264A (en) * 2014-12-09 2015-03-25 贵州科聪科技开发有限公司 Multifunctional electric heating tea table with air purifier
EP3118533A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-18 Almeco GmbH Ceiling element, in particular heating and cooling ceiling element on an aluminium or steel basis
WO2017013017A1 (en) * 2015-07-17 2017-01-26 Almeco Gmbh Ceiling element, in particular heating and cooling ceiling element, on the basis of aluminium or steel
CN105313907A (en) * 2015-12-01 2016-02-10 南车四方车辆有限公司 Compartment for tramcar and tramcar
DE102019207923A1 (en) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Siemens Mobility GmbH Passenger vehicle and method for heating at least one step of an entry area of a passenger vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2382871B (en) 2005-03-02
GB0129423D0 (en) 2002-01-30

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Legal Events

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732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20061208