GB2382138A - Monitoring total organic carbon - Google Patents
Monitoring total organic carbon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2382138A GB2382138A GB0127723A GB0127723A GB2382138A GB 2382138 A GB2382138 A GB 2382138A GB 0127723 A GB0127723 A GB 0127723A GB 0127723 A GB0127723 A GB 0127723A GB 2382138 A GB2382138 A GB 2382138A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carbon dioxide
- sample
- organic carbon
- total organic
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 oxygen radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XZLRIVRQGXOBEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=[N].[O-][N+]=O Chemical class O=[N].[O-][N+]=O XZLRIVRQGXOBEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004164 analytical calibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008231 carbon dioxide-free water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1826—Organic contamination in water
- G01N33/1846—Total carbon analysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A monitor for measuring TOC in aqueous samples e.g. waste water, is characterised by electrolytic oxidation of the organic carbon in the sample to detectable carbon dioxide using current flow between two electrodes disposed in the sample. Typically, an aqueous sample is fed to an oxidising chamber 3 containing electrodes 7 and the resulting carbon dioxide evolved fed in a carrier gas stream comprising oxygen and hydrogen also generated in chamber 3 to a carbon dioxide measuring cell 6. Exit gas containing hydrogen and oxygen from the cell 6 may be fed to a honeycomb catalyst 14 for conversion to water. The monitor may apparently also be used to measure ammonia and nitrate/nitrite in aqueous samples.
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON MONITOR FOR AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS This invention details an instrument for the measurement of TOC or Total Organic Carbon in aqueous samples, typically Waste-Water discharges. Total Organic Carbon is measured by converting organic material to carbon dioxide by a process of oxidation. The amount of carbon dioxide generated from a known amount of sample water relates to the organic carbon content of that sample A microprocessor is used to
compute the measured amount of organic carbon.
Most existing systems make use of high temperature reactors to oxidise the organic carbon present in a water sample, either with or without direct catalytic assistance. Other existing methods use oxidising chemzcals, sometimes in the prevence of UV light to carry out the conversion of organic carbon to carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide generated is then measured using an infra red gas detection system.
This invention uses an electrochemical technique to carry out the oxidation close to ambient temperature and without the addition of chemical oxidising agents. This technique also allows the automatic generation of a carrier gas stream for the carbon dioxide product of oxidation allowing the carbon dioxide to be transferred to the optical measuring cell. The carbon dioxide is measured using an optical technique via precipitation of a carbonate. The waste gas stream is combusted using a catalyst in accordance with the following inventive steps.
This invention details a novel method for carrying out the oxidation of organic carbon material, in an aqueous sample, to carbon dioxide gas.
This invention details a novel method of carrying the carbon dioxide gas derived from the above oxidation process using an electrochemically generated gas stream of oxygen and hydrogen.
This invention details a novel method of converting the carbon dioxide gas to a precipitate in water and measuring the quantity of precipitate optically. The response being proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide gas.
The invention details a method of converting the hydrogen and oxygen gas stream, derived from the electrochemical process, to water using a ceramic honeycomb catalyst.
The invention details a method whereby the temperature rise generated across the catalyst is used to provide a feedback control of the electrochemical oxidation process.
The invention describes a method whereby the presence of hydrogen in the final tail gas from the system is detected to ensure complete combustion.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Figure 1-shows the layout of the measuring system
A specific embodiment of the invention consists of several elements and is described below.
SAMPLE DELIVERY SYSTEM
A sample pump or other sampling device (1) is used to deliver a sample of the aqueous material to a 3 way valve (2). The valve may be positioned either to allow flow directly to drain, bypassing, or through the oxidation chamber, filling.
SAMPLE OXIDATION CHAMBER
The sample oxidation chamber (3) consists of a reaction vessel made from either a plastic or metal material with an entry point for the sample stream controlled by a 3 way valve (2). A second valve (4) allows the sample to flow through the oxidation chamber and away to drain. A third valve (5) connects to the top of the chamber and allows the gases generated by the oxidation process to flow to the measuring cell (6) section of the system.
Inside the chamber are positioned two high area stainless steel conductive electrodes (7). The electrodes may be constructed from alternative materials. These electrodes are connected to a special power supply (not shown), that is capable of imposing a controlled DC potential onto the electrodes (7) with alternating polarity such that the pulse length, duration and scale of the voltage is all electronically controlled. The electrolytic action of the current flowing through the electrodes and the sample produces a highly oxidative environment comprising, ozone, free oxygen radicals, hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide. The Organic and Inorganic Carbon are oxidised to Carbon Dioxide by this oxidising environment. Any nitrates, nitrites and ammonia are also oxidised to nitrogen dioxide. Other gases are evolved including Oxygen and Hydrogen.
The electrodes are also used to confirm that the chamber is full of aqueous sample before commencing a measurement, by checking the conductivity of the fluid in the chamber. Water will be more conductive than air confirming the sample presence.
SAMPLE TRANSFER TUBE The oxidation chamber (3) connects via a small bore pipeline (8), (the small diameter selected helps to prevent the possibility of ignition or explosion within the gases generated by the electrolytic system) to the optical (turbidity) measuring cell (6). The transfer tube (8) is made from stainless steel or other suitable material. The tubing is sized to ensure that there is no possibility of combustion in the tube. The gas from the transfer tube passes to the optical measuring cell (6)
OPTICAL MEASURING CELL "P.. rlz$ % i The turbidity cell consists of transmitted light source (not shown) located at 90 degrees to a receiving photodiode (not shown). This construction produces a nephelometric turbidity measurement that is proportional to the precipitated solids in the cell. In another version the receiver may be positioned at 180 degrees to the
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
transmitter to produce an absorpsion measurement. Other techniques and angles may be applied to the measurement.
A wiper/stirrer (not shown) is located in the measuring cell to ensure that the optical surfaces are kept clean and the measuring chamber is kept stirred. The operation of the wiper is controlled by the microprocessor based electronic instrument, which also carries out all computational and sequencing operations. A small electrical heater may be included to provide suitable reaction temperature during cold periods. The cell may be drained down using a valve (9)
REAGENT DELIVERY PUMP AND WATER DELIVERY VALVE
In order to make the measurement of the carbon dioxide evolved as a result of the oxidation of organic carbon present, it is necessary to inject clean water into the measuring cell. This is derived from a de-ionising column (10) (or other source) and is admitted to the measuring cell via a valve (11). The measuring cell is filled with clean water. Barium hydroxide or other suitable reagent (12), that will produce a precipitate proportional to the amount of carbon dioxide, is then dosed into the measuring chamber using a precision dosing pump (13) or other device such that a known concentration is present in the measuring cell. Carbon dioxide reacts with the barium hydroxide to produce a precipitate. The insoluble hydrogen and oxygen that has been generated in the oxidation chamber (3) passes through the measuring cell and into the tail gas converter (14) after being heated by electric heater (15).
TAIL GAS CONVERTOR
The gas generated by the oxidation cell will contain hydrogen and oxygen. This residual gas is vented from the measuring cell through a catalytic converter (14). The catalyst may be a ceramic honeycomb type coated with platinum. Hydrogen and
Oxygen are reacted together to produce water and evolving heat that will create a temperature rise across the catalysts. A heating element (15) may be used to produce an elevated temperature to promote the reaction of the hydrogen and oxygen.
Additional measures may be taken to suitably disperse and dilute any combustible gases generated in the process. The final gas exiting the instrument will pass through a sensor (16) to detect the presence of hydrogen, confirming the reaction of the evolved gases on the catalyst. Reacted gas is vented to atmosphere (17).------- FEEDBACK CONTROL The hydrogen and oxygen combusting on the catalyst produce a temperature rise across the length of the catalyst, proportional to the amount of gas combusted. This temperature rise is measured using sensors (18) and is used as a control signal to increase or decrease the electrochemical process. The temperature rise also indicates the correct operation of the electrochemical process.
ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENT The instrument is controlled using a microprocessor. This microprocessor provides all the functions of operation including the sequence of measurement, the calculation and display of the results, calibration, generation of outputs and all associated tasks. The microprocessor program handles all the elements of control associated with the instrument.
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
ALTERNATIVE GAS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Whereas the method defined in this invention uses precipitation of Barium Carbonate from Barium Hydroxide other measurement methods could be used to detect the carbon dioxide. For example,
Infra Red absorpsion
Titration
Electrical Conductivity
Spectro-photometric methods using gas permeable membranes.
ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS
In addition to measuring Total Organic Carbon, the invention may be used to measure
Ammonia and Nitrate/Nitrite by oxidising the compounds to Nitrogen Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxides can then be determined, using a suitable technique as determined above.
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
1 The optical measuring chamber (6) is filled with carbon dioxide free water from a de-ionising column (10). Barium hydroxide is added to the water to produce a solution sensitive to carbon dioxide. Any residual carbon dioxide in the de-ionised water reacts with the barium hydroxide to produce a precipitate. Before starting the oxidation process the background level of precipitate is checked. The wiper and stirrer incorporated into the optical measuring cell are used to ensure the precipitate does not settle out and the optics are clean.
2 The sample of waste-water, possibly containing organic carbon, flows through the oxidation chamber (3) via valve (2), and passes through this chamber exiting via valve (4) and discharges to drain. The oxidising chamber is maintained full of the sample waste-water, to be measured.
3 Valve (2) and valve (4) are closed and divert the sample flow directly to drain.
The oxidation chamber is full of sample water ready for the oxidation process. 4 Valve (5) is opened. This valve allows gas to flow to the measurement chamber.
5 DC Electric current is applied to the electrodes (7) in the oxidation chamber (3). The electrochemical process results in the instantaneous generation of highly oxidative forms such as free oxygen radicals, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and hypochlorous acid (if chlorides are present). Before the electrodes become polarised and the current flowing can start to drop, the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed. The process is repeated in the opposite direction across the electrodes. The microprocessor automatically controls this process Gases will be evolved at the electrodes including hydrogen and oxygen. This evolution is minimised by controlling
the over voltage at the electrodes. In addition, carbon dioxide is evolved from solution as a result of the oxidation of organic carbon present in the sample Carbon dioxide is carried through the stainless steel transfer pipe (8) to the measuring chamber, using the hydrogen and oxygen gases generated as a carrier gas.
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
6 The gas stream from the oxidising chamber is passed through the measuring cell (6). The carbon dioxide present in the stream reacts with the barium hydroxide to form a precipitate. The microprocessor monitors the development of the precipitate whilst stirring and cleaning the measuring cell. When there is no further development of precipitate, the oxidation is deemed to be complete and the microprocessor calculates the amount of carbon dioxide reacted to form a precipitate using the optical turbidity measurement. The electrochemical oxidation process is halted. The volume of sample that has been oxidised is known and hence the concentration of carbon oxidised can be determined and represented in units of concentration
7 Whilst the oxidation process is going on, the hydrogen and oxygen gases generated act as a carrier gas for the carbon dioxide. Once the gases have passed through the optical measuring cell, they enter a honeycomb catalyst (14). The gases react on the platinum catalyst to form water The reaction evolves heat that raises the temperature of the gas stream The temperature change of the gas stream is measured and used to calculate the flow rate of gas. The resulting signal is then used to increase or decrease the rate of the oxidation process via the microprocessor control and measuring system.
8 Gas exiting the instrument is passed through a hydrogen sensor (16), that detects any un-reacted hydrogen and acts as a safety check on the process.
9 The oxidation chamber returns to the flow through condition by opening valves (2) and (4). Sample free flows through the cell washing out the previous sample. The oxidising products generated during the electrochemical reaction also keep the cell free from bio-fouling.
10 The turbidity measuring cell dumps it's completed sample to drain via valve (9) De-ionised water is passed into the measuring cell to flush out the previous sample and then the cell is refilled.
I I At the required time, determined by the microprocessor, the next sample is retained in the oxidising chamber and the process is repeated CALIBRATION The system can be configured for automatic calibration by feeding a sample with known carbon content into the oxidising chamber. The process is run as for a waste water sample. The result can be used to realign the instruments calibration. A similar test can be carried out using clean water to set the zero point of the instrument
Claims (6)
1 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples wherein oxidation of the organic material in the aqueous sample to carbon dioxide gas is carried out using an electrolytic process comprising a reversing current flow between two electrodes immersed in the sample.
2 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the carbon dioxide gas derived from the above oxidation process is carried using an electrochemically generated gas stream of oxygen and hydrogen.
3 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the carbon dioxide gas is converted to a precipitate in water and measuring the quantity of precipitate optically. The optically measured response being proportional to the concentration of carbon dioxide gas.
4 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the hydrogen and oxygen gas stream, derived from the electrochemical process, are converted to water using a ceramic honeycomb catalyst.
5 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the temperature rise generated across the catalyst is used to provide a feedback control of the electrochemical oxidation process.
6 A Total Organic Carbon monitoring instrument for measuring water samples as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the presence of hydrogen in the final tail gas from the system is detected to ensure complete combustion.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0127723A GB2382138A (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Monitoring total organic carbon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0127723A GB2382138A (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Monitoring total organic carbon |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0127723D0 GB0127723D0 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
| GB2382138A true GB2382138A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
Family
ID=9926048
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0127723A Withdrawn GB2382138A (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | Monitoring total organic carbon |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2382138A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104569282A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-29 | 中昊光明化工研究设计院有限公司 | Method for determining content of hydrogen and oxygen in hydrogen-containing gas and integrally determining content of water and oxygen |
| US20150129435A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-05-14 | General Electric Company | Electrochemical total organic carbon analyzer |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3224837A (en) * | 1961-12-22 | 1965-12-21 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Process and device for the determination of organic substances contained in water |
| US4293522A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1981-10-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrophotolysis oxidation system for measurement of organic concentration in water |
| WO1995035498A1 (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1995-12-28 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Reagentless oxidation reactor |
| WO1997003354A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-30 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the measurement of dissolved carbon |
| US6183695B1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 2001-02-06 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Reagentless oxidation reactor and methods for using same |
-
2001
- 2001-11-20 GB GB0127723A patent/GB2382138A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3224837A (en) * | 1961-12-22 | 1965-12-21 | Hartmann & Braun Ag | Process and device for the determination of organic substances contained in water |
| US4293522A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1981-10-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Electrophotolysis oxidation system for measurement of organic concentration in water |
| US6183695B1 (en) * | 1990-03-02 | 2001-02-06 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Reagentless oxidation reactor and methods for using same |
| WO1995035498A1 (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1995-12-28 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Reagentless oxidation reactor |
| WO1997003354A1 (en) * | 1995-07-12 | 1997-01-30 | Sievers Instruments, Inc. | Method and apparatus for the measurement of dissolved carbon |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20150129435A1 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2015-05-14 | General Electric Company | Electrochemical total organic carbon analyzer |
| US10031105B2 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2018-07-24 | General Electric Company | Electrochemical total organic carbon analyzer |
| CN104569282A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-04-29 | 中昊光明化工研究设计院有限公司 | Method for determining content of hydrogen and oxygen in hydrogen-containing gas and integrally determining content of water and oxygen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0127723D0 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |