GB2381543A - Inflatable ground cover structure - Google Patents
Inflatable ground cover structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2381543A GB2381543A GB0126320A GB0126320A GB2381543A GB 2381543 A GB2381543 A GB 2381543A GB 0126320 A GB0126320 A GB 0126320A GB 0126320 A GB0126320 A GB 0126320A GB 2381543 A GB2381543 A GB 2381543A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- sheet material
- panel
- cover structure
- structure according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H3/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons
- E04H3/10—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons for meetings, entertainments, or sports
- E04H3/14—Gymnasiums; Other sporting buildings
- E04H3/16—Gymnasiums; Other sporting buildings for swimming
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
- E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
- E04H15/22—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure supported by air pressure inside the tent
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
Abstract
The structure 1 comprises sheet material secured to the ground, the sheet material being substantially not in contact with the ground when inflated to form a canopy. To inflate air may be blown between the ground and the sheet material using a high power pump. The sheet material is preferably a flexible and waterproof plastics material such as polyethylene, and may be secured to the ground using ropes or cables 4a-4e, 5b, 5c. The polyethylene sheet may comprise two or more panels 2d, 2e, 2f, which can be connected together by either a permanent or releasable connection means, the connection incorporating a gutter to shed water from the canopy. Ballast may be used to create a seal between the ground and the inflated structure. Reinforcement may be included to strengthen the polyethylene sheet. Light may pass through the sheet material, although UV light is prevented. The structure may included doors 10a, 10b and also internal temperature control. Further embodiments include a panel connecting means and also the use of laminate material to make a ground cover structure.
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
Ground Cover Structure The present invention is concerned with a structure, such as a dome or the like, which is arranged to protect and/or cover a predetermined area.
There are many occasions when ground cover and/or ground protection structures are required. Such structures may be required, for example to protect the surface under the structure from the outside climate. For example protection from rain, snow, sleet etc, or from relatively hot and/or cold temperatures.
The problems associated with varying weather conditions are of particular importance to areas where plants are grown and range in diversity from market gardens to sporting venues. The problem is especially important for venues where a grass surface is used (for example, football and rugby pitches, cricket pitches, golf courses etc), as when there is snow, frost or heavy rainfall, the grass playing surfaces become dangerous and/or unusable.
Many solutions have been sought to alleviate the problems associated with such adverse weather conditions. Examples include covering the surface with an impermeable ground sheet (which does not alleviate totally the problems associated with snow and frost). In addition to ground sheets, air tubes may be positioned under the ground sheet and hot air is blown through the tube. Such hot air tubes are disadvantageous as they heat the grass unevenly and result in burn or scorch marks along the grass surrounding the tubes.
An alternative is to provide underground heating which is positioned under the grass playing areas of sports playing
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
fields. However, underground heating is costly to install, run and maintain. In addition, the heat provided from the underground heating supply is below the root of the grass being protected which in itself is detrimental to growth of the grass.
Ground cover structures are also used when protection from the outside surrounding area is required; for example at scenes of crime and/or field medical centres. Typically such structures are tent-like structures consisting of a frame and a tarpaulin cover. This type of structure is typically cumbersome and may also suffer from the disadvantages identified above with respect to problems associated with change in climates.
It is therefore an aim of the present invention to alleviate at least some of the disadvantages identified above.
It is yet a further aim of the present invention to provide a ground cover structure.
It is a further aim of the present invention to provide a structure which is capable of protecting an area of ground from climatic changes.
Therefore, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a ground cover structure which comprises a sheet material arranged to cover a portion of ground, the sheet material being capable of being secured to the ground (preferably substantially about the perimeter of the ground to be covered) and being arranged to be inflated such that, in use, the sheet material is substantially not in contact with the ground.
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
In the present application, the term"ground"includes, but is not limited to, grassland, mountain terrains, sports fields (such as football pitches, tennis courts, bowling greens, cricket pitches, golf greens etc), soil, sand, bodies of water (such as ponds, swimming pools or the like), scenes of crime where it may be advantageous to maintain forensic evidence and/or hide the scene from vision, sites to be used as field hospitals, or indeed any surface which may be covered by the structure according to the present invention.
Preferably, the sheet material permits visible light to pass there through. It is particularly preferred that the sheet material substantially prevents UV light from passing there through. It is further preferred that the sheet material is waterproof and/or water-impermeable.
The structure therefore provides a further advantage in that plants, for example vegetables, fruit or grass, can be maintained at a preferred climate which encourages growth.
The sheet material may be opaque or transparent (which is preferred). Desirably, the sheet material is flexible thereby allowing the sheet to be orientated into different shapes.
It is preferred that the sheet material is a plastics material. Further preferably, the sheet material is polyethylene. The plastics material is preferably reinforced with a reinforcing material, such as, for example, scrim or the like. The reinforcing material may be laid in a criss-cross and/or diagonal pattern through the sheet material.
The sheet material is typically a multi-layer extrusion
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
laminate. A particularly preferred material according to the present invention is a transparent, four layer reinforced extrusion laminate, the outer layers of which consist of a high strength polyethylene film with a high concentration of UV and thermal stabilisers, such as, for example the material sold by Raven Industries, Ohio, USA under the trademark DURA SKRIM.
Therefore, according to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided use of a transparent, four layer reinforced extrusion laminate, the outer layers of which consist of a high strength polyethylene film with a high concentration of UV and thermal stabilisers, in the manufacture of a ground cover structure.
Advantageously, when the dome is to be used to cover sports grounds or the like it may be desirable to apply a logo, script or the like to the sheet material.
Alternatively and/or additionally the sheet material may be coloured, however it is desirable that the material does not substantially hinder light from passing there through when the structure is to be used for the protection of ground where plants (such as grass) is to be grown.
However, it is envisaged that the structure may be coloured, for example being camouflaged, when the structure is to be used as a field medical centre.
The structure is preferably securable to the ground by a web member. The web member may include a plurality of ropes, cords, cables, binding or the like. The ropes may be in a lattice or net-like arrangement, alternatively they may be crisscrossed over the sheet material.
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
The web member may be secured to the ground about the periphery. The web member may be secured to the ground directly or indirectly. When the web member is secured to the ground indirectly, it is preferred that at least one securing connection connects the web member to the ground. The securing connection is typically of steel, and may be releasably securable to a permanent fixing in the ground.
Therefore, the present invention extends to a web member substantially as described hereinbefore arranged to secure a ground cover structure to an area of ground.
The ground cover structure preferably further includes a ballast arrangement arranged to stabilise the structure and create a seal between the ground and the structure, when the structure is inflated.
The ballast arrangement typically comprises at least one tube, pipe or the like which, when in use, may be filled with a fluid such as water, preferably contained in an elongate cavity which is (removably) attached to the sheet material. The tube, pipe or the like is preferably of a flexible material such as reinforced PVC. Advantageously, the use of a flexible material results in the ballast arrangement following the contour of the ground thereby creating a seal. This feature is particularly advantageous when the ground being covered by the structure is uneven.
It is envisaged that the ballast may be in one section (for example one section which is arranged to extend around the periphery). Alternatively, the structure may include two or more ballast arrangements substantially described hereinbefore. Each ballast arrangement may be positioned about the periphery of the ground being covered so as form the seal.
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
The structure according to the present invention may be manufactured in different sizes depending upon the area of the ground to be covered. If the area to be covered by the structure is relatively small (for example about 62 square metres which is the approximate size of a cricket pitch}, the sheet material may be in a single piece.
Advantageously, the structure may further include a movable barrier such as a door. The door is preferably of the same material as the sheet material, however, it is envisaged that it may be different.
The door is preferably fitted in a doorway which may be cut out of a portion of the sheet material. The door preferably comprises a plurality of strips of sheet material depending from an upper portion of the doorway.
Advantageously, the doorway may be of various sizes of which are typically dependent on the size of the structure and the final use of the structure. For example, a larger doorway may be required if the structure is to be used to protect a football pitch or grass cutting equipment. The door is preferably attached to the doorway by means of hook and loop type fasteners.
If desired, the structure may comprise more than one movable barrier. Each movable barrier may be of different sizes. For example a structure arranged to cover a football pitch may include a movable barrier to permit entry and exit of grass cutting equipment and a further door for entry for personnel.
However, it is envisaged that the sheet material may comprise two or more panels which, when connected, form the sheet material. The panels are of substantially the same
<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
material as the sheet material described hereinbefore.
Larger structures, preferably, large enough to cover ground having dimensions about 140m by about 110m (which would be large enough to cover a football pitch), are particularly advantageous as the ground can be used, for example for training purposes, irrespective of the external weather conditions. The structure may also be used to perform training exercises in relative privacy.
It is preferred that the structure has a dome-like appearance. The panels may be connected together by any suitable means, such as stitching, welding or the like, which may be a permanent connection. Alternatively, the panels may be removeably connected by, for example, a zip fastener (whereby teeth on a first panel are arranged to engage with teeth on a second panel) or hook and loop type fastening means (whereby a multiplicity of hooks are positioned on a first panel and a multiplicity of loops are
positioned on a second complimentary panel). Hook and loop
type fastening (for example the material sold under the (aim) trade mark VELCR is particularly preferred.
A further advantage of the structure according to the present invention is that it is relatively easy for personnel inside the structure to escape through he panel connections, in case of emergencies. The hook and loop type fastening or zip fastener may be simply opened when required.
When the structure is to be used as a ground protective structure, for example when protecting the ground covered by the structure from, for example, rain, sleet, snow etc, it is important that water does not seep through the area where each panel is joined.
<Desc/Clms Page number 8>
Therefore, it is yet a further aim of the present invention to provide a connection means arranged to connect at least two material panels together. The material panels are substantially as described hereinbefore.
Therefore, according to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a panel connection means for connecting a first panel to a second panel, which connection means comprises engagement means on a first panel and a second complimentary engagement means on a second panel, and a gutter means disposed between the first panel and the second panel. Advantageously, the gutter means collects and/or channels water which may seep through the connection means.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gutter means generally has a Yshaped configuration (that is having a leg member and a jaw member).
Therefore, according to yet a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided gutter means having a leg member and a jaw member, the jaw member preferably being arranged to connect to a leg member on a second gutter means or a sheet material panel according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In a particularly preferred embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, the jaw member has an internal surface having arranged thereon fastening means (preferably removable fastening means) which are arranged to engage with complimentary fastening means arranged on a leg member of a second gutter means or sheet material panel. The fastening means are preferably of a hook and loop type
<Desc/Clms Page number 9>
arrangement.
The gutter means is preferably of substantially the same material as the sheet material, substantially as described herein before with reference to the ground cover structure.
However, it is also envisaged that the gutter means is of a different material which is preferably water impermeable.
In use, the structure is filled with air by use of an air pump. When the structure has been inflated to the desired extent the pump may be used to maintain the structure at the desired inflation. If too much air is pumped into the structure, the movable barrier is opened to release excess' air, and is subsequently closed after excess air is expelled.
According to a further embodiment of this aspect of the present invention, the leg member is connected (preferably permanently connected) to a sheet material panel.
Alternatively the sheet material panel may comprise the leg member. Therefore, in use, the jaws are arranged to bite a leg member on a second sheet material panel or gutter menai, which is to adjoin the first sheet material panel.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a ground cover structure which comprises a sheet material arranged to cover a portion of ground, the sheet material comprising two or more panels connected together by a connection means which includes a gutter means.
The ground cover structure, the sheet material, the panels, the connection means and the gutter means are substantially as described herein before.
<Desc/Clms Page number 10>
According to yet a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of covering an area of ground, which method includes : Providing a ground cover structure comprising a sheet material arranged to cover the ground; Securing the structure to the ground; and blowing air into the area between the ground and the sheet material thereby inflating the structure.
Advantageously, the structure may be inflated by the use of high power air pump. It is further envisaged that the temperature inside the structure may be controlled. For example, if the temperature outside the structure is colder than the desired temperature inside the structure, warm air is blown into the structure. Similarly if the temperature outside the structure is warmer than the desired temperature inside the structure, cold air is blown into the structure.
Advantageously, if the structure is being used to protect the ground from snow, frost or the like, warm air is blown into the structure thereby heating the inside air, therefore snow which may fall on the structure would melt and therefore run away. The structure is substantially as described herein before.
The invention may be more clearly understood from the following description given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 represents a plan view of a structure in accordance with the present invention prior to inflation; Figure 2 represents a side view of the structure shown in
<Desc/Clms Page number 11>
Figure 1 after inflation; Figure 3 represents a cross section view along the line AA of Figure 1 when the structure is inflated ; Figure 4 represents a view of the gutter means in accordance with the present invention before being use; and Figure 5 represents the gutter means shown in Figure 4 in use.
Referring to Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, where like numerals have been used to represent like parts, there is
shown a structure generally indicated by the numeral 1.
The structure 1 comprises six panels 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d,, e and iIF4) 2f, each panel being manufactured from Dura Skrim ^ 1 OHUV
(which is sold by Raven Industries, in Ohio US). Panel 2a is connected to panel 2c by gutter arrangement 3a, panel 2b is connected to panel 2c by gutter arrangement 3b, panel 2c is connected to panel 2e by gutter arrangement 3d, panel 2e is connected to panel 2f by gutter arrangement 3d and panel 2e is connected to panel 2f by gutter arrangement 3e.
The structure is secured to the ground by a plurality of ropes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e extending across the width of the structure and also ropes 5a, 5b, and 5c extended across the length of the structure. It should be noted that although only eight ropes are shown, many more than eight may be required when the structure is in use. The ropes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 5a, Sb, and 5c are secured to the ground by bolts (not shown). A seal is created around the periphery of the structure using ballast means 6 which comprises hollow tubing 7 which is in a sheet material casing 8 which is attached to the remainder of the structure with the use of Velcro at point 9. In use the hollow tubing 7 is filled
<Desc/Clms Page number 12>
with a liquid such as water. Doorways are cut into panel 2F and doors 10A and 10B are attached to the doorway using Velcro.
Referring to Figure 4 and 5 where like numerals have been used to indicate like parts there is shown gutter means 20a and 20b. The gutter means comprises a jaw member 21a and 21b having a plurality of hook type fasteners arranged on the inside of each jaw. The leg of the gutter means is the panel 2b and 2c. A portion of the panels 2b and 2c have hook type fastener means positioned thereon which are arranged for complimentary engagement with the plurality of hooks on the adjoining panel. Water which may seep through the hook and loop type fasteners is collected in the gutter at points 23a and 23b. The water is subsequently channelled away for disposal.
In use, air is blown into structure 1 using pumps (not shown). The structure inflates and is secured in place using ropes 4 and 5. The ballast 6 is filled with water thereby further weighting down the structure and creating a seal around the edge of the structure. Once the structure has been inflated to the required extent, the power of the pump (not shown) can be reduced. If the pressure in the structure exceeds the required extent the doors lOa and lOb can be opened (manually or automatically) to relieve the pressure inside the structure.
Hot air or cold air may be blown into this structure to maintain a desired temperature.
Claims (26)
- Claims : 1. A ground cover structure which comprises a sheet material arranged to cover a portion of ground, the sheet material being capable of being secured to the ground and being arranged to be inflated such that, in use, the sheet material is substantially not in contact with the ground.
- 2. A ground cover structure according to claim 1, wherein the sheet material is capable of being secured substantially about the perimeter of the ground to be covered.
- 3. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material permits light to pass there through.
- 4. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material substantially prevents UV light from passing there through.
- 5. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material is waterproof and/or water-impermeable.
- 6. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material is flexible thereby permitting the sheet to be orientated into different shapes.
- 7. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material is a plastics material, such as polyethylene.<Desc/Clms Page number 14>
- 8. A ground cover structure according to claim 8, wherein the plastics material is reinforced with a reinforcing material (such as scrim), which is preferably laid in a criss-cross and/or diagonal pattern through the sheet material.
- 9. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material is a multilayer extrusion laminate, such as a transparent, four layer reinforced extrusion laminate, the outer layers of which consist of a high strength polyethylene film with a high concentration of UV and thermal stabilisers.
- 10. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, which is secured in the ground, in use, by a web member which may include a plurality of ropes, cords, cables, binding or the like, preferably arranged in a lattice or net-like arrangement, or crisscrossed over the sheet material.
- 11. A ground cover structure according to claim 10, wherein the web member is secured to the ground about the periphery, either directly or indirectly.
- 12. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim which includes a ballast arrangement arranged to stabilise the structure and create a seal between the ground and the structure, when the structure is inflated.
- 13. A ground cover structure according to any previous claim, which includes a movable barrier, such as a door.<Desc/Clms Page number 15>
- 14. A ground cover structure according to any preceding claim, wherein the sheet material may comprise two or more panels which, when connected, form the sheet material.
- 15. A ground cover structure according to claim 14, wherein the panels are connected together by a permanent connection such as stitching, welding or the like, or a releasable connection, such as a zip fastener or using hook and loop type fastening means.
- 16. A ground cover structure according to claim 14 or 15, wherein each panel is connected by a panel connection means, the panel connection means preferably comprises engagement means on a first panel and a second complimentary engagement means on a second panel, and a gutter means disposed between the first panel and the second panel.
- 17. A ground cover structure according to claim 16, wherein the gutter means generally has a Y-shaped configuration (that is having a leg member and a jaw member), the jaw member being arranged to connect to a leg member on a second gutter means or the sheet material panel.
- 18. A ground cover structure according to claim 17, wherein the jaw member has an internal surface having arranged thereon fastening means (preferably removable fastening means) which are arranged to engage with complimentary fastening means arranged on a leg member of a second gutter means or sheet material panel.
- 19. A ground cover structure according to claim 18,<Desc/Clms Page number 16>wherein the fastening means are of hook and loop type arrangement.
- 20. A ground cover structure according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the leg member is connected to a sheet material panel or the sheet material panel may comprise the leg member.
- 21. A method of covering an area of ground, which method includes: providing a ground cover structure comprising a sheet material arranged to cover the ground; securing the structure to the ground; and blowing air into the area between the ground and the sheet material thereby inflating the structure.
- 22. A method according to claim 21, wherein the structure is inflated by the use of a high power air pump.
- 23. A method according to claim 21 or 22, wherein the temperature inside the structure is controlled
- 24. Use of a transparent, four layer reinforced extrusion laminate, the outer layers of which consist of a high strength polyethylene film with a high concentration of UV and thermal stabilisers, in the manufacture of a ground cover structure.
- 25. A panel connection means for connecting a first panel to a second panel which connection means comprises engagement means on a first panel and a second complimentary engagement means on a second panel, and a gutter means disposed between the first panel and the second panel.<Desc/Clms Page number 17>
- 26. A panel connection means according to claim 25, wherein the gutter means generally has a Y-shaped configuration (that is having a leg member and a jaw member)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0126320A GB2381543A (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2001-11-01 | Inflatable ground cover structure |
PCT/GB2002/004957 WO2003038214A1 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2002-11-01 | Ground cover structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0126320A GB2381543A (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2001-11-01 | Inflatable ground cover structure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0126320D0 GB0126320D0 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
GB2381543A true GB2381543A (en) | 2003-05-07 |
Family
ID=9925011
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0126320A Withdrawn GB2381543A (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2001-11-01 | Inflatable ground cover structure |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2381543A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003038214A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3391504A (en) * | 1967-03-13 | 1968-07-09 | Terence W. Mclorg | Air supported shelter |
US3496686A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1970-02-24 | Birdair Structures | Weather-tight enclosure system |
EP0490628A1 (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-06-17 | Michael A. Thompson | Indoor golf facility |
US6070366A (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2000-06-06 | Pierson; Robert M | Air supported enclosure and method of assembly |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4024679A (en) * | 1976-01-05 | 1977-05-24 | Irvin Industries, Inc. | Air supported structure membrane configuration |
US4478012A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-10-23 | Air Structures International, Inc. | Cabling system for an inflatable building |
US5860251A (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1999-01-19 | Gleich; Joseph | Rapidly deployable fire-protection apparatus |
US6061969A (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 2000-05-16 | Leary; Jeremiah E. | Inflatable greenhouse |
-
2001
- 2001-11-01 GB GB0126320A patent/GB2381543A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-01 WO PCT/GB2002/004957 patent/WO2003038214A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3391504A (en) * | 1967-03-13 | 1968-07-09 | Terence W. Mclorg | Air supported shelter |
US3496686A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1970-02-24 | Birdair Structures | Weather-tight enclosure system |
EP0490628A1 (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-06-17 | Michael A. Thompson | Indoor golf facility |
US6070366A (en) * | 1999-01-04 | 2000-06-06 | Pierson; Robert M | Air supported enclosure and method of assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0126320D0 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
WO2003038214A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
COOA | Change in applicant's name or ownership of the application | ||
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |