GB2377721A

GB2377721A - Hydraulic control of downhole tools

Info

Publication number: GB2377721A
Application number: GB0223575A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Dwayne D Leismer; Thomas G Hill; Arthur John Morris
Original assignee: Camco International Inc
Current assignee: Camco International Inc
Priority date: 1998-07-14
Filing date: 1999-07-09
Publication date: 2003-01-22
Anticipated expiration: 2019-07-09
Also published as: GB2377720A; GB0223575D0; GB2377720B; GB0223574D0; GB2377721B

Abstract

A well completion system includes a surface control panel with a source of pressurised fluid, a production tubing connected to a downhole valve and a number of pressure actuated downhole tools. A fluid supply line is connected to the source of pressurised fluid and to the downhole valve. The downhole valve is remotely controllable in response to pressurised fluid in the fluid supply line and acts to selectively establish fluid communication between the fluid supply line and the downhole well tools.

Description

237772 1

DOWNHOLE MULTIPLEXER AND RELATED METHODS

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U. S. Non-Provisional Application No. 09/115,038, filed July 14, 1998.

BACKGROUND OF THE lNl7ENTION

5 l. Field Of The Invention

The present invention relates to subsurface weld completion equipment and, more particularly, to apparatus and related methods for using a small number of hydraulic control lines to operate a relatively large number of downhole devices.

2. Description Of The Related Art

10 The late 1990's oil industry is exploring new ways to control hydrocarbon producing wells through a technology known as "Intelligent Well Completions", or "Smart Wells", the definition of which is hereinafter described. Because of hostile conditions inherent in oil wells, and the remote locations of these wells-often thousands of feet below the surface of the ocean and many miles offshore-traditional methods of controlling the operation of 15 downhole devices are severely challenged, especially with regard to electrical control systems. Temperatures may reach 300-400 degrees F. Brines used routinely in well completions are highly electrolytic, and adversely affect electric circuitry if inadvertently exposed thereto. Corrosive elements in wells such as hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide can attack electrical connections, conductors, and insulators and can render them useless over 20 time. While the volume and production rate of hydrocarbons in a subterranean oil reserve may indicate an operational life of twenty or more years, the cost to mobilize the equipment necessary to work over and make repairs to deepwater of Shore and subsea wells may run into

i. the tens of millions of dollars. Therefore, a single workover can cost more than the value of the hydrocarbons remaining in the subterranean formation, and as such can result in premature abandonment of the well, and the loss of millions of dollars of hydrocarbons' should problems requiring workover occur.

5 For these reasons, reliability of systems operating in oil wells is of paramount importance to the extent that redundancy is required on virtually all critical operational devices. Traditionally, electrical devices used in oil wells are notoriously short lived.

Vibration, well chemistry, heat and pressure combine and attack the components and conductors of these electrical devices, rendering them inoperative, sometimes in weeks or 10 months, often in just a year or two. Because of the need for such high levels of reliability, there is a need to reduce the reliance on, or eliminate altogether, electrical control systems in wells. Yet there is a need to control and manage multiple devices and opcfations in wells with a high degree of reliability.

Well known in the industry is the method of controlling devices in wells utilizing 1. pressurized hydraulic oil in a small diameter control line, extending from a surface pump, through the wellhead, and co mecting to a downhole device, such as a surface controlled subsurface safety valve (SC'SSV). Such a configuration is shown in l; S. Patent No. 4 161,219, which is commonly assigned hereto Pressure applied to the control line opens the SCSS\, and bleeding off said prcssurc allows the SCSSV to close, blocking the flow of 20 hydrocarbons from the well. 1 Hydraulic control has long been used in this critically important, and highly regulated application because of its high degree of reliability, primarily because: ) the metallurgy of control lines and its connective fittings have been developed to be resistant to the corrosive elements/conditions in wells; and 2) the hydraulic oils used are -2

\ essentially incompressible, and are not significantly affected by the wellbore's temperature and pressure.

Well known and for many years in the oil industry, downhole devices are manipulated by wireline (or slickline), whereby the well is taken out of production, the well is "killed" by 5 means of a heavy brine fluid, the wellhead is removed and a lubricator is installed Wireline tools are inserted in the well through the lubricator and suspended and lowered by a heavy gauge wire to the area of the well where remediation is required. Unfortunately, in the case of subsea wells, wireline operations are difficult in that a ship must be mobilized and moved over the wellhead before said wellhead can be removed, a lubricator installed, and the 10 wireline work begun. As the ocean depth over the well increases, this task becomes exponentially more difficult and expensive.

Another device commonly used in well completions is known as a wellhead. The wellhead is positioned at the uppennost end of the well, and is essentially the junction between the subsurface portion of the well, and the surface portion of the well. In the case of 15 subsea wells, the wel} head sits on the ocean floor. The wellhead's purpose is to contain the hydrocarbons in the well, and direct said hydrocarbons into flow lines for delivery into a transportation system. A common wellhead is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,887,672 (Hypes).

If hydraulic control lines are to be used downhole, often the operator will specify a number of ports to be built into the wellhead, most commonly one or two. After the wellhead is built it 20 may be difficult or impossible for additional ports to be added to the wellhead, owing to the thickness of the metal, or the proximity to other appurtenances. Additional hydraulic ports can be expensive in any case, and having many additional ports added can be cumbersome.

The definition of "Intelligent Well Completions" or "Smart Wells" is used for a combination of specialized equipment that is placed downhole (below the wellhead), which - 3

enables real time reservoir management, downhole sensing of well conditions, and remote control of equipment. Examples of"Intelligent Well Completions" are shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,207,272 (Pringle et al.), 5, 226,491 (Pringle et al.), 5,230,383 (Pring;le et al.), 5,236,047 (Pringle et al.), 5,257,663 (Pringle et al.), 5,706,896 (Tuber et al.), l J.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/638,027, entitled "Method and Apparatus For Remote Control of Multilateral Wells," and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No 60/053,620, and are incorporated herein by reference.

In the case of "Intelligent Well Cornpletions,7i if hydraulic control is the method of choice for the multiplicity for devices in the well, and the hydraulic pressure source emanates 10 from the surface, a large number of ports will be required in the wellhead, and a large number of hydraulic control lines will have to be passed to individual hydraulically actuated components in the wellbofe. Hydraulically-actuated components may include SCSSVs, sliding sleeves. Ioc}cin or latching devices packers (or packer setting tools), expansion joints, flow control devices switching devices, safety joints, on off attachments or artificial 15 lift devices. Of note are advanced gas lift valves, such as the preferred embodiments shown in tJ.S. Provisional Intent Application Serial No. 60/02:,96. Because so many items in such a well are ill need of individual control, the bundle of control lines to perform work in the well can become difficult and unworkable.

:Because of the aforementioned problems, there is a need for a hydraulic control 90 system which can control a multiplicity of downhole devices in a well, perform complex operations (usually reserved for workovers) on the fly, without lengthy and expensive well shut-ins, and with a minimum number of control lines from the surface Further, there is a need to have a system which is resistant to well conditions, and one which will be operationally reliable for many years. There is a need for a system to approximate the

computational and operational complexity of electric control systems, with only a few input signals, by use of hydraulic fluid flow, hydraulic fluid pressure oscillation, hydraulic fluid pressure, and proximity sensors to report control valve position, and coupled to a computer at the surface for simplified control and user interface.

s SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been contemplated to overcome the foregoing deficiencies and meet the above described needs In one aspect, the present invention relates to the independent control of multiple downhole devices from a computer controlled surface panel, 10 using hydraulic pressure, with as few as two hydraulic input lines, or one electric and one hydraulic line from said surface panel feeding through the well head. This invention is essentially a Hydraulic Multiplexer comprised of one or more pilot operated shuttle valves used in parallel, in series, or combinations thereof, and are controlled by pressure oscillation and pressure differential signatures to individually open, shut, or operate individual devices in 15 a well. Position sensing and communication of said pilot operated shuttle valves may be accomplished using proximity sensors of either fiber optic or low voltage electrical teclmology This invention will better enable operators of wells that have multiple horizontal or near-horizontal branches, commonly known as multilateral wells, to operate the more complex devices that are inherent in such wells 20 In another aspect, the present invention is a downhole hydraulic multiplexer, which is comprised of one or more piloted shuttle valves, and method of using. The invention takes one or more input signals from a surface control panel or computer, said signals may be electric or hydraulic, and converts said signals into a plurality of pressurized hydraulic output channels. The invention is shown in a variety of preferred embodiments, including a tubing -5

deployed version, a wireline retrievable version, and a version residing in the wall of a downhole completion tool. Also disclosed is the use of multiple shuttle valves used in parallel or in series to embody a downhole hydraulic fluid multiplexer, controllable by and reporting positions of said shuttle valves to said surface control panel or computer.

5 In another aspect, the present invention may be a downhole valve comprising: a valve body having a first fluid inlet port, a second fluid inlet port, and a plurality of fluid outlet ports, the first and second fluid inlet ports being connected to a fluid supply line, the fluid supply line being connected to at least one source of pressurized fluid; a shiftable valve member movably disposed within the valve body in response to pressurized fluid in the fluid 10 supply line; means for holding the position of the shiftable valve member in a plurality of discrete positions relative to the valve body the shiftable valve member establishing fluid communication between the fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable-valve-n ernber positions; and. means for biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line.

15 Another feature of this aspect of the present invention nary be that the fluid supply line may include a first fluid supply line and a second fluid supply line, the first fluid supply line being connected to th first fluid inlet port. the second fluid supply line being connected to the second fluid inlet port, the shiftable valve member being movable in response to pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line and establishing fluid corr nunication between the second 20 fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable-valve-mcrnber positions and the biasing means biasing the shiftable valve me nbcr against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that pressurized fluid is transferred from the fluid supply line to the plurality of fluid outlet ports through at least one fluid passageway through

the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the shiftable valve member includes a plurality of annular recesses for controlling fluid communication between the fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the holding means includes a plurality of notches on the shiftable valve member for mating with a retaining member connected to the valve body. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a spring-loaded detent ball. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a collet finger. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the holding means includes a plurality of notches 10 about an inner bore of the valve member for mating with a retaining member connected to the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a spring-loaded detent ball. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a collet finger. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the holding means includes a cammed indexer for 15 mating with a retaining member connected to the valve body. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a spring-loaded detent pin.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a plurality of fluid exhaust ports, the shiftable valve member establishing fluid communication between at least one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports and at least one of 20 the plurality of fluid exhaust ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable-valve member positions. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one check valve for restricting fluid flow from a well annulus into the plurality of exhaust ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one pressure relief valve.

- 7

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention nary be that the valve may further include at least one filter for preventing debris in a well annulus from entering the plurality of exhaust ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the biasing means includes a spring Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that 5 the biasing means includes a gas chamber. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a charging port for supplying pressurized gas to the gas chamber. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the biasing means includes a spring and a gas chamber. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the biasing means includes a balance line.

10 Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line is connected to a remote source of pressurized fluid. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the biasing means includes a balance line connected to the second fluid supply line to bias the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the 15 balance line further includes a pressure relief valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invcution may be that the balance line further includes a choke and a accumulator Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a synchronizer at the earths surface for monitoring and processing the number of hydraulic pulses applied to the downhole valve through the fluid supply line to provide an 20 indication of the position Lithe shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the shiftable valve member further includes a longitudinal bore therethrough having a pressure equalizing valve disposed therein Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one proximity sensor connected to a conductor for transmitting a signal to a remote control panel - 8

to indicate the position of the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is tubingdeployed. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is wireline-retrievable.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a downhole valve comprising: a valve 5 body having a first fluid inlet port, a second fluid inlet port, and a plurality of fluid outlet ports, the first and second fluid inlet ports being connected to a fluid supply line, the fluid supply line being connected to at least one source of pressurized fluid; a shiftable valve member having a plurality of notches, at least one fluid passageway establishing fluid communication between the fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports, and being 10 movably disposed within the valve body in response to pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line; a retaining member on the valve body and cooperating with the plurality of notches on the shiftable valve member to hold the position of the shiftable valve member in a plurality of discrete positions, the shiftable valve member establishing fluid communication between the fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of 15 discrete shiftable-valve- member positions; and, a spring biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid supply line includes a f rst fluid supply line and a second fluid supply line, the first fluid supply line being connected to the first fluid inlet port, the second fluid supply line being connected to the second fluid inlet port, the at least one 20 fluid passageway establishing fluid communication between the second fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports, the shiftable valve member being movable in response to pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line and establishing fluid communication between the second fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable-valve-member positions, and the spring biasing the shiftable

valve member against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one fluid passageway includes a plurality of annular recesses disposed about the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retair ing member is a springloaded detent 5 ball Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a collet finger. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a plurality of fluid exhaust ports, the shiftable valve member establishing fluid communication between at least one of the p]uralitv of fluid outlet ports and at least one of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete 10 shiftable-valve-member positions. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one check valve for restricting fluid flow from a well annulus into the plurality of exhaust ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the alve may further include at least pressure relief valve Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at 15 least one filter for preventing debris in a well ai lulus from entering the plurality of exhaust ports Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least onc proximity sensor co mccted to a conductor for transmitting a signal lo a remote control panel to indicate the position of the shiftable valve member.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention relay he that the at least one proximity 20 sensor is a fiber optic sensor and the conductor is a fiber optic conductor cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one proximity sensor is a magnetic sensor and the conductor is a low voltage electrical insulated cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a gas chamber containing a volume of pressurized gas biasing the shiftable valve member against

the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the shiftable valve member further includes a longitudinal bore therethrou$h having a pressure equalizing valve disposed therein. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a balance line to 5 assist the spring in biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line is connected to a remote source of pressurized fluid. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a balance line connected to the second fluid supply line to assist the spring in biasing the shiftable valve 10 member against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line further includes a pressure relief valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line further includes a choke and a accumulator Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a synchronizer at the earth's surface for 15 monitoring and processing the number of hydraulic pulses applied to the downhole valve through the fluid supply line to provide an indication of the position of the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is tubing- deployed. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is wireline-retrievable.

20 In another aspect, the present invention may be a do vnhole valve corr prising: a valve body having a first fluid inlet port, a second fluid inlet port, and a plurality of fluid outlet ports, the first and second fluid inlet ports being connected to a fluid supply line, the fluid supply line being commented to at least one source of pressurized fluid; a shiftable valve member having a plurality of notches, at least one fluid passageway establishing fluid

communication between the fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports, and being movably disposed within the valve body in response to pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line; a retaining member on the valve body and cooperating with the plurality of notches on the shiftable valve member to hold the position of the shiftable valve member in a plurality of 5 discrete positions, the shiftable valve member establishing fluid communication betvveen the fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable-valve-member positions; and, a gas chamber containing a volume of pressurized gas biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid 10 supply line includes a first fluid supply line and a second fluid supply line, the first fluid supply line being connected to the first fluid inlet post, the second fluid supply line being connected to the second fluid inlet port, the at least one fluid passageway establishing fluid communication between the second -fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports. the shiftable valve member being movable in response to pressurized fluid in the first fluid 15 supply line and establishing fluid communication between the second fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable valve-membcI positions, and the gas chamber biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one fluid passageway includes a plurality of annular 20 recesses disposed about the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a spring-loaded detent ball. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a collet finger. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a plurality of fluid exhaust ports. the shiftable valve member establishing

fluid communication between at least one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports and at least one of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete shiftable valve-member positions. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one check valve for restricting fluid flow from a well 5 annulus into the plurality of exhaust ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least pressure relief valve. Brother feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one filter for preventing debris in a well annulus from entering the plurality of exhaust ports. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may 10 further include at least one proximity sensor connected to a conductor for transmitting a signal to a remote control panel to indicate the position of the shiftable valve member.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one proximity sensor is a fiber optic sensor and the conductor is a fiber optic conductor cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one proximity sensor is 15 a magnetic sensor and the conductor is a low voltage electrical insulated cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a charging port for supplying pressurized gas to the gas chamber. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the charging port includes a dill core valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the gas chamber further includes a 20 viscous fluid between the pressurized gas and the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a spring biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be Hat the shiftable valve member further includes a longitudinal bore therethrough having a pressure equalizing valve disposed therein.

- 13

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a balance line to assist the gas chamber in biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balarice line is connected to a remote source of pressurized fluid.

5 Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a balance line connected to the second fluid supply line to assist the spring in biasing the shiftable valve member against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the bal ncc line further includes a pressure relief valve. Another feature of thisaspect of the present invention may be that the l O balance line further includes a choke and a accumulator. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a synchronizer at the earth's surface for monitoring and processing the member of hydraulic pulses applied to the doNvnhole valve through the fluid supply line to provide an indication of the position of the shiftable valve member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that 15 the valve is tubing-deployed. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is wireline-re rievable.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a downhoT!e valve comprising: a valuate body having a first fluid inlet port, a second fluid inlet port, a plurality of fluid outlet ports, and a retaining member, the first and second fluid inlet ports being connected to a fluid 20 supply line. the fluid SUPPLY line being connected to at least one source of pressurized fluid; a piston movably disposed within the valve body, a first end of the piston being in fluid communication with the fluid supplest line and moveable in response to pressurized fluid therein; a positior holder movably disposed within the valve body, connected to the piston.

and engaged with the retaining member; a fluid transfer member movably disposed within - 14

the valve body and having at least one fluid passageway, the fluid transfer member being connected to the piston and the position holder, the position holder and the retaining member cooperating to maintain the fluid transfer member in a plurality of discrete positions, the at least one fluid passageway establishing fluid communication between the fluid supply line 5 and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid transfer-member positions; and, a return means for biasing the piston against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid supply line includes a first fluid supply line and a second fluid supply line, the first fluid supply line being connected to the first fluid inlet port, the second fluid supply line 10 being connected to the second fluid inlet port, the first end of the piston being in fluid communication with the first fluid supply line and moveable in response to pressurized fluid therein, the at least one fluid passageway establishing fluid communication between the second fluid supply line and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid-transfer-member positions, and the return means biasing the piston 15 against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid transfer member includes a plurality of fluid passageways, and the valve body further includes a plurality of fluid exhaust ports, at least one of which is in fluid communication through one of the plurality of fluid passageways with one of the fluid outlet ports, other than the fluid outlet port in fluid communication with the 20 fluid supply line, for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid-transfer-member positions.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that at least one of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports further includes a oneway check valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that at least one of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports further includes a pressure relief valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may - 15

\ be that at least one of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports further includes a filter. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include at least one proximity sensor connected to a conductor for transmitting a signal to a remote control panel to indicate a position of the fluid transfer member. Another feature of this S aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one proximity sensor is a fiber optic sensor and the conductor is a fiber optic conductor cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one proximity sensor is a magnetic sensor and the conductor is a low voltage electrical insulated cable. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a pressure transducer connected 10 to a conductor cable. the conductor cable transmitting a signal to a control panel. the signal representing the pressure of fluid within the first fluid supply line. the pressure signal indicating which of the plurality of fluid outlet ports is in fluid cornmtutication with the fluid supply line Another feature of this aspect ot the present invention mav be that the transducer is a fiber optic pressure transducer and the conductor cable is a fiber optic cable. Another 15 feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the return means includes a spring.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a gas chamber containing a volume of pressurized gas biasing the piston against the pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the presen, invention Nay be that the piston further includes a longitudinal bore therethrough having a 2O pressure equalizing valve disposed therein. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve body further includes a charging port for supplying pressurized gas to the gas chamber. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the return means includes a balance line Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line is connected to a remote source of pressurized - 16

fluid. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the return means includes a balance line connected to the second fluid supply line to bias the piston against the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line further includes a pressure relief valve. Another 5 feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the balance line further includes a choke and a accumulator. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a synchronizer at the earth's surface for monitoring and processing the number of hydraulic pulses applied to the downhole valve through the fluid supply line to provide an indication of the position of the shiftable valve member. Another 10 feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a spring loaded detent pin. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a collet finger. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the retaining member is a hook hingedly attached to the valve body about a pin and biased into engagement with the position holder by a spring Another feature of this 15 aspect ofthe present invention may be that the piston, the position holder, and the fluid transfer member are an integral component. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid transfer member is a shuttle valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the at least one fluid passageway through the fluid transfer member is a longitudinal bore through the fluid transfer member that is in fluid 20 communication with an axial bore in the fluid transfer member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid transfer member is fixedly connected to the position holder, whereby longitudinal movement ofthe piston will cause longitudinal and angular movement of the fluid transfer member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid transfer member is rotatably connected to the position holder, - 17

J whereby longitudinal movement of the piston will cause only longitudinal movement of the fluid transfer member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is tubing- deployed. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is wireline-retrievable.

In another aspect, the invention may be a downhole valve comprising: a valve body having a fluid inlet port connected to a fluid supply line connected to a source of pressurized fluid, and a plurality of fluid outlet ports; a motor disposed within the valve body, the motor being connected to an electrical conductor connected to a source of electricity; a linear actuator connected to the motor and moveable in response to actuation of the motor; and a 10 fluid tr, sfer memUcr movably disposed within the valve body and having at least one fluid passageway, the fluid transfer member being connected to the linear actuator, the linear actuator being moveable to rmaint:ain the fluid tr,ulsfer -November in a plurality of discrete positions the al least one fluid passageway in the fluid transfer member establishing fluid communication between the fluid supply fin' and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports for 15 at least one of the yluraiity of discrete f uid-transfer-mernber positions. Another fe, ture of this aspect of the present invention may be that Else fluid transfer member includes a plurality of fluid passageways. and the valve body freshet includes a plurality of fluid exhaust ports, at least one of which is in fluiii communication through one of the plurality of fluid passageways with one of the fluid outlet ports, othe: than the fluid outlet port in fluid 20 con nunication with the fluid supply line, for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid transfer-rnember positions. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid transfer member is a shuttle valve. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is tubing- deployed. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve is wireline-retnevable. Another feature of this aspect

of the present invention may be that the at least one fluid passageway through the fluid transfer member is a longitudinal bore through the fluid transfer member that is in fluid communication with an axial bore in the fluid transfer member Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the motor is a stepper motor. Another feature of 5 this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include a step counter connected to the motor and to the electrical control line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the linear actuator is a threaded rod threadably connected to the fluid transfer member, rotation of the threaded rod causing movement of the fluid transfer member. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may 10 further include a rotary variable differential transformer connected to the motor and to the electrical control line. Another feature of this aspect ofthe present invention may be that the motor, the linear actuator, and the rotary variable differential transformer are an integral unit.

Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include an electronic module connected between the electrical cable and the motor to control 15 operation of the motor. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include an electromagnetic tachometer connected to the motor and to the electrical control line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the valve may further include an electric resolver connected to the motor and to the electrical control line. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the fluid 20 transfer member includes a plurality of annular recesses for controlling fluid communication between the fluid supply line and the plurality of fluid outlet ports.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a well completion comprising: a surface control panel having at least one source of pressurized fluid; a production tubing connected to a downhole valve means and a plurality of pressure-actuated downhole well - 19

tools; a fluid supply line connected to the at least one source of pressurized fluid and to the downhole valve means, the downhole valve means being remotely controllable in response to pressurized fluid in the fluid supply line to selectively establish fluid corcrnunication between the fluid supply line and the plurality of downhole well tools. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the downhole valve means is located within a sidewall of one of the plurality of downhole well tools. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the downhole valve means is retrievably located within a side pocket mandrel corrected to the production tubing. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that the completion may further include means on the downhole valve I () arrears for establishing two-wa; communication between the downhole valve means and the surface control panel. Another feature of this aspect of the present inventiQr. may be that two way con nu1ication is electrical!: established between the downhole valve means and the surface control panel. Another feature of this aspect of the present invention may be that twos way communication is f ber-optically established between the downhole valve means and the 15 surface control panel.

In another aspect, the Present invention Nay be a well completion composing: a surface control panel having at Icast one source of pressurized fluid; a first and secor d surface controlled subsurface safety valve connected to a production tubing; multiplexer means connected to the production tubing for remotely and selectively establishing fluid 20 communication between the at least one source of pressurized fluid and the ftst and second safety; valves to independently satisfy each of the following four conditions: (a) simultaneously holding the first and second safety valves open; (b) simulataneously holding the first and second safety valves closed; (c) simulataneously holding the first safety valve 20

open and the second safety valve closed; and (d) simulataneously holding the first safety valve closed and the second safety valve open.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a downhole well control system comprising: a surface control panel having at least one source of pressurized fluid; Amherst 5 fluid supply line connected to the at least one source of pressurized fluid; a second fluid supply line connected to the at least one source of pressurized fluid; a plurality of pressure actuated downhole well tools; and a plurality of downhole valve means, at least one of the plurality of downhole valve means being connected to the first and second fluid supply lines, the at least one dournhole valve means being remotely controllable in response to pressurized l O fluid in the first fluid supply line to selectively establish fluid communication between the second fluid supply line apply and another of the plurality of downhole valve means and at least one of the plurality of downhole well tools.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a system for remotely and selectively injecting corrosion inhibiting chemicals into multiple production zones in a well having 15 multiple lateral well bores, the system comprising: a downhole valve means connected to a production tubing and having a first fluid inlet port, a second fluid inlet port, and a plurality of fluid outlet ports, the first and second fluid inlet ports being connected to a fluid supply line, the fluid supply line being connected to a source of corrosion inhibiting chemicals; a plurality of packers connected to the production tubing and establishing a plurality of 20 production zones associated with corresponding lateral well bores in the well; a plurality of flow control devices connected to the production tubing, each of the production zones having one of the plurality of flow control devices disposed therein; and, a plurality of chemical injection conduits establishing fluid communication between the plurality of fluid outlet ports on the downhole valve means and each of the production zones.

In another aspect, the present invention may be a method of controlling a plurality of pressure-actuated downhole well tools comprising the steps of: connecting a first fluid supply line from at least one source of pressurized fluid to a dowr ole valve; connecting a second fluid supply line from the at least one source of pressurized fluid to the downhole valve; and, 5 applying pressure through the first fluid supply line to the dov hole valve means to selectively establish fluid communication between the second fluid supply line apply and a plurality of downhole well tools.

l llIF,F DLSCIMPTION OF THE, DRAWINGS 10 Figure 1 is a partial schematic representation of a specific embodiment of a dowr hole valve- of the present invention. shown in a first position.

Figure 2 is a partial schematic representation of a portion of the do vnhole valve show iT1 Figule 1? and illustrates the valve in a second Position.

Figure 3 is a partial schematic representation of portion of the downhole valve shown in Figure 1. and illustrates the valve in a third position.

Figure 4 is a partia' schematic representation of a portion of the dov lhole valve shown in l igure l and illustrates tl1c valve in a fourth position.

Figure 5 is a cross-sectiorTal side view of a specific embodiment of a cammed indexer of the present invention.

2() Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 6-6 of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a planar projection of the outer cylindrical surface of the cammed indexer shown in Figures 5 and 6.

Figure 8 is a side elevation view of another specific embodiment of a downhole valve of the present invention, shown in a first position.

- 22

Figure 9 is a side elevation view of the downhole valve shown in Figure 8, and illustrates the valve in a second position Figure 10 is a side elevation view of the downhole valve shown in Figures 8 and 9, and illustrates the valve in a third position.

5 Figure 11 is a partial schematic representation of an Unintelligent well completion ' utilizing a tubing-deployed downhole valve of the type shown in Figures 1-4 or 8-10, which is shown controlling tandem surfacecontrolled subsurface safety valves, in a typical configuration for subsea wells.

Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11 and illustrates 10 the downhole valve of the present invention located within a sidewall of a subsurface safety valve. Figure 13 is a partial schematic representation of an "intelligent well completion," utilizing a side-pocket-mandrel-deployed downhole valve of the type shown in Figures 1-4 or 8-10, which is shown controlling tandem surface-controlled subsurface safety valves, in a 15 typical configuration for subsea wells.

Figures 14A and 14B are elevation views which together show a tubingdeployed downhole valve of the present invention, with a single hydraulic oscillation line, a single hydraulic pressure input line and five hydraulic pressure output lines Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15-15 of Figures 14D and 20B.

20 Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 16-16 of Figure 14B and 20R.

Figure 17 is a partial elevation view taken along line 17-17 of Figure 15.

Figure 18 is a partial elevation view taken along line 18-18 of Figure 16.

no _, _

Figures I9A through 19D are elevation views which together show a wireline retrievable downhole valve of the present invention, with a single hydraulic oscillation line, a single hydraulic pressure input line and five hydraulic pressure output lines, retrievably positioned in a side pocket mandrel.

5 Figures 20A and 20B are elevation views which together show a tubingdeployed downhole valve of tile present invention, with a single electric control line, a single hydraulic pressure input line and five hydraulic pressure output lines.

Figure 21 is a schematic representation of a downhole well control system cmpioyin, a plurality of downhole valves of the present invention 10 I7igure 22 is a schematic representation of a downhole well control system employing a plurality of downi olc valves of the present invention.

leisure 23 is a schematic representation of an arrangement of the downhole valves of the present invention for use in controlling taco subsurface safety valves. as shown in lo igures 11 andl3.

15 Figure 24 illustrates a well completion incorporating the multiplexer of the prescut invention to remotely and selectively distribute corrosion inhibiting chemicals to any number of productions zones associate:] with a well having multiple lateral well bores.

A bile the invention will be descriLcd in connection with the preferred enubodiments, it will he understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments. On 20 the contrary. it is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

- 24

l DETAILEI) DESCRIPTION (IF THE INTENTION

In the description which follows, like parts are marked throughout the specification

and drawings with the same reference numerals, respectively. The Figures are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in some instances, have been exaggerated or simplified to clarify certain features of the invention. One skilled in the art will appreciate many differing applications of the described apparatus.

For the purposes of this discussion, the terms "upper" and "lower," "up hole" and "downhole," and "upwardly" and "downwardly" are relative terms to indicate position and direction of movement in easily recognized terms. Usually, these terms are relative to a line 10 drawn from an upmost position at the surface to a point at the center of the earth, and would be appropriate for use in relatively straight, vertical wellbores. However, when the wellbore is highly deviated, such as from about 60 degrees from vertical, or horizontal these terms do not make sense and therefore should not be taken as limitations. These terms are only used for ease of understanding as an indication of what the position or movement would be if taken 15 within a vertical wellbore Referring to Figures 1-4, there is shown a specific embodiment of a downhole valve 10 of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment of the present invention may broadly comprise a valve body 12, a piston 14, a position holder 16, and a fluid transfer member 18. In a specific embodiment, the valve body 12 may include a first fluid inlet port 20 20 adjacent a first end 22 of the valve body 12, a second fluid inlet port 24, a plurality of fluid outlet ports 26-32, and a retaining member 34. In this specific embodiment, the valve body 12 includes a first fluid outlet port 26, a second fluid outlet port 28, a third fluid outlet port 30, and a fourth fluid outlet port 32. The valve 10 is shown with four fluid outlet ports 26-32 for purposes of illustration only. The present invention is not intended to be limited to any -

J particular number of fluid outlet ports, but? instead, is intended to encompass any number of fluid outlet ports. The first fluid inlet port 20 is connected to a first fluid supply line 36 that is connected to at least one source of pressurized fluid (not shown), and the second fluid inlet port 24 is connected to the second fluid supply line 38 that is connected to the at least one source of pressurized fluid (not shown). The first and second fluid inlet ports 20 and 24 may be supplied with pressurized fluid Jurors one or more fluid supply lines running from the earth's surface. In the event only one Muid supply line extends from the earth's surface to the valve body 12, that single fluid supply line is branched into two separate lines at a point near the valve body; one of the lines is connected to the first inlet port 2() and one is connected to lO the second inlet port 24. As such. in a specific embodiment, the first fluid supply line 36 and the second fluid supply line 38 may each extend from the valve body 12 to the earth's surface.

lo another specific ernbodirnerlt. only one of the tryst and second fluid supply lines 36 arid 38 extends from the valve body I2 to the earth s surface and the other of the first and second fluid supply lines 36 and 3X extends from the valve body 12 to the only one of the first and 1- second fluid supply lines 36 and 38 extending to the earth's surface and is in fluid communication therewith. The piston l 4 is movably disposed within the valve body 12. A first end 40 of the piston is in fluid communication with the first fluid supply line 36 and is moveable in response to r rcssuriz d fluid therein.

The position holder 1.6 may be provided in a variety of coni gurations. In a specific SO embodiment, as shown in Figures -7, more fully discussed below, the position holder 16 may be a cammed indexer that cooperates with the retaining member 34, such as a "J"-hook (see. e.g. "J"-hook 136 in Figure 14B) or a sprirlg-loaded pin, to hold the indexer in a plurality of discrete positions. In this embodiment, the cammed indexer 16 is movably - 26

disposed within the valve body 12, is connected to the piston 14, and is engaged with the retaining member 34, as will be more fully described below. In another specific embodiment, as shown in Figures 8-10, more fully discussed below, the position holder 16 may be provided with a plurality of notches, or annular grooves, for mating with the retaining 5 member 34, which may be a spring-loaded detent ball or a collet finger; alternatively, the spring-loaded detent ball or collet finger may be attached to the position holder 16 and the notches or annular recesses may be disposed about an inner surface of the valve body 12. The position holder 16 shown in Figure 1 has four positions. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to a position holder having any particular number of positions, but, I O instead, is intended to encompass position holders having any number of positions. As will be more fully discussed below, the number of position-holder positions may correspond to the number of outlet ports 26-32.

The fluid transfer member 18 is movably disposed within the valve body 12 and includes a plurality of fluid channels therethrough, as indicated by dashed lines 42-48. The 15 fluid transfer member 18 is connected to the piston 14 and the position holder 16. In a specific embodiment, the fluid transfer member 18 may be a shuttle valve, of the type well known to those of ordinary slcill in the art. As will be more fully explained below, the position holder 16 and the retaining member 34 cooperate to maintain the fluid transfer member 18 in a plurality of discrete positions. One ofthe plurality of fluid channels 42-48 in 20 the fluid transfer member 18 establishes fluid corurnunication between the second fluid supply line 38 and one of the plurality of fluid outlet ports 26-32 for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid-transfer-member positions. In this embodiment, when the position holder 16 is in a first position, as shown in Figure 1, one of the fluid channels 42-48 - 27

establishes fluid communication between the second fluid supply line 38 and the first fluid outlet port 26. When the position holder 16 is in a second position, as shown in Figure 2, one of the fluid channels 42-48 establishes fluid communication between the second fluid supply line 3$ and the second fluid outlet port 2X. When the position holder 16 is in a third position, 5 as shown in Figure 3, one of the fluid channels 42-48 establishes fluid corr nunication between the second fluid supply line 38and the third fluid outlet port 30. Finally, when the position holder 16 is in a fourth position, as shown in Figure 4, one of the fluid channels 42 48 establishes fluid communication between the second fluid supply line 38 and the fourth fluid outlet port 32.

10 In a specific embodiment the valve body 12 may further include a plurality of fluid exhaust ports 56-60, at least one of Rich is in fluid communication through one of the fluid channels 42-4X with one of the fluid cutlet ports 2( -32. other than the fluid outlet port 26-32 in fluid comrraunication with the second fluid supply line 38, for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid-tr u sfer-rnembe. positions shown in F igures 1-4. In a specific embodiment. the 19 fluid exhaust ports 56may each be provided with a one-way check valve or a pressure relief valve 62 to assure Love of hydraulic fluid in one direction only. In a speciLrc embodiment, the fluid exhaust ports 56-60 may each be provided with a filter 64 to prevent wcllhore debris IN on, entering the s > stern I4Owever inclusion of check valves or pressure relief valves 62 or filters 64 should not be taken as a limitation. In one specific embodiment, 2() it may be operationally desirable to block or plug an exhaust discharge port 56-60 or direct the discharged hydraulic fluid elsewhere, and still be within the scope and spirit of the invention In another specie c embodiment, each of the plurality of fluid exhaust ports is in fluid cororntmication through one of the plurality of fluid channels 42-48 with one of the fluid - 28

outlet ports 26-32, other than the fluid outlet port that is in fluid communication with the second fluid supply line 38, for each of the plurality of discrete fluid-transfer-member positions. For example, when the position holder 16 is in a first position, as shown in Figure 1, fluid communication is established: (1) between the second fluid supply line 38 and the S first fluid outlet port 26 through one of the fluid channels 42-48, (2) between the second fluid outlet port 28 and the second fluid exhaust port 58 through one of the fluid channels 42-48; (3) between the third fluid outlet port 30 and the third fluid exhaust port 60 through one of the fluid channels 42-48; and (4) between the fourth fluid outlet port 32 and the first fluid exhaust port 56 through one of the fluid channels 42-48. When the position holder 16 is in a 10 second position, as shown in Figure 2, fluid corn nunication is established: (1) between the second fluid supply line 38 and the second fluid outlet port 28; (2) between the first fluid outlet port 26 and the first fluid exhaust port 56; (3) between the third fluid outlet port 30 and the second fluid exhaust port 58; and (4) between the fourth fluid outlet port 32 and the third fluid exhaust port 60. When the position holder 16 is in a third position, as shown in Figure 15 3, fluid communication is established: (1) between the second fluid supply line 38 and the third fluid outlet port 30; (2) between the first fluid outlet port 26 and the third fluid exhaust port 60, (3) between the second fluid outlet port 28 and the first fluid exhaust port 56; and (4) between the fourth fluid outlet port 32 and the second fluid exhaust port 58. Finally, when the position holder 16 is in a fouIth position, as shown in Figure 4, fluid 20 communication is established: ( I) between the second fluid supply line 38 and the fourth fluid outlet port 32; (2) between the first fluid outlet port 26 and the second fluid exhaust port 58; (3) between the second fluid outlet port 28 and the third fluid exhaust port 60; and (4) between the third fluid outlet port 30 and the first fluid exhaust port 56 - 29

In a specific embodiment, the valve 10 may further include a return means for biasing the piston 14 toward the first end 22 of the valve body 12. It should be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to any particular return means, but, instead, is intended to encompass any return means within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art For example, in a specific embodiment, the return means may be a spring,0 In another specific embodiment, the return means may be a gas chamber -,2. For example, the gas chamber 52 may be charged with pressurized nitrogen Alternatively, the return means may include both the spring 5(} and the gas chamber: In yet another specific embodiment, the return means may be a balance line 54 that is connected to the second fluid supply line 3S, 10 or to a third source of pressurized fluid, such as at the earth's surface (not shown). In those cases where the balance line 54 is connected to the second f uid supply line 3S, the pressure in the balance line 54 ma: he controlled in any rnanneT lcnown to those of skit] in the art? such as, for exarnpie. by including in the balance line 54 a pressure relief valve, or a choke and accumulator. such as those shown in Figure 21 Again, the present invention is not intc.nded l 5 to be limited to any particular return means In anothe: specific crnbodiment, the valve 1 (I nav include at least one pr oxin it -

sensor 66 to provide a signal via a conductor 68 to a control panel (not shown) to indicate the position of the fluid transfer member- 18 In this manner, an operator at the earth's surface will be irformccl as to which of the outlet ports 2h-32 is being supplied with pressurized fluid, 20 which will inform the operator which of the downhole tools (not shown) is being actuated It should be understood that the present invention is not intended to be limited to any particular type of proximity sensor, but, instead, is intended to encompass any type ot proximity sensor within the knowledge of those of ordinary skill in the art For purposes of illustration only, in - 30

a specific embodiment, the proximity sensors 66 may be fiber optic sensors 66 connected to the valve body 12 and to fiber optic conductor cables 68, and may sense corresponding contacts 70 connected to the fluid transfer member 18. In another specific embodiment, the proximity sensors 66 may be magnetic sensors 66 connected to the valve body 12 and to low 5 voltage electrical insulated cables 68, and may sense corresponding contacts 70 connected to the fluid transfer member 18. As an alternative to using sensors on the valve 10 to indicate which of the outlet ports 26- 32 are being supplied with pressurized fluid, a synchronizer (not shown) may be provided at the earth's surface to provide an indication of the position of the fluid transfer member 18 based upon the number of hydraulic pulses that have been sent to 10 the valve 10, in a manner well known to those of skill in the art. As yet another alternative, the position of the fluid transfer member 18 may be determined simply by reading the hydraulic pressure, at the earth's surface, that is being supplied to the valve TO.

As mentioned above, one sample specific embodiment of the position holder 16 may be a cammed indexer, which will now be described in detail with reference to Figures 5-7.

15 As best shown in Figure 7, the indexer 16 preferably includes a plurality of axial slots 72 of varying length disposed circumferentially around the indexer 16, each of which are adapted to selectively receive a portion of the retaining member 34 (see Figure 1) provided at a fixed location on the valve body 12. In a specific embodiment, the retaining member 34 may be a spring-loaded detent pin or a "J"-hook. Because the indexer 16 is normally biased toward the 20 first end 22 of the valve body 12 by the return means, the retaining member 34 will normally be engaged within an upper portion 74 of one of the axial slots 72. As such. the indexer 16 and retaining member 34 thereby cooperate to maintain the fluid transfer member 18 in a plurality of discrete position, the particular discrete position depending on which axial slot 72 - 31

the retaining member is located in. The particular axial slot 72 in which the retaining member 34 is disposed can be remotely selected by the operator, as described further below.

Therefore, by selecting an axial slot 72 having a desired length, the operator can remotely select the desired position of the fluid transfer member 18 axially within the valve body 12, 5 which will determine which fluid outlet port 26-32 is ir'iluid communication with the second fluid supply line 38 which will thereby determine which downhole tool (not shown) is actuated. A particular axial slot 72 having a desired length may he remotely selected by an operator by momentarily providing hydraulic pressure for example, in the form of a pressure oscillation through the first fluid supply line 36' which will cause movement of the piston 14 away iTOm the first end 22 of the valve body 12. As previously describecl, movement of the Piston l4 will cause the indexer 16 to also move away from the first end 22 ofthe valve body 12 axially within the valve boclv 12 relative to the retaining member 34 A lower portion 76 of each of the axial slots 72 has a smaller diarnetcr than the upper portion 74 of each of the 15 axial slot 72 and is, thereby, rec essed from the upper portion 74 thereof, as best illustrated in Figure Therefore, as the indexer 16 is moved away from the first end 22 of the valve body 12 with respect to the retaining November 34. the retaining mcmbcr 34 will travel in the axial slot, 77 toward the first end 22 of the valve body 19 and into the recessed lower portion 76 of the axial slot 72 As soon as the retaining member 34 has dropped into the recessed lower 20 portion 76' hydraulic pressure should then be reproved from the t-irst fluid supply line 36, at which time the return means will shift the indexer 16 toward the first end 22 of the valve body 12. Since the retaining member 34 is biased within the axial slot 72, the retaining member 34 is prevented from returning directly to the upper portion 74 of axial slot 72, and,

instead. is directed against an angled surface 78 of the axial slot 72 separating the recessed lower portion 76 of the axial slot 72 from the elevated upper portion 74 of the axial slot 72.

The bearing force of the retaining member 34 against the angled surface 78 on motion of the indexer 16 with respect to the retaining member 34 is then translated into rotatable motion of 5 the indexer 16 with respect to the retaining member 34, which then continues to be engaged within a tapered intermediate slot 80 of the indexer 16, which guides the retaining member 34 into the immediately neighboring axial slot 72 having a different length. The return means continues to move the indexer 16 toward the first end 22 of the valve body 12 until the retaining member 34 comes to rest against the upper portion 74 of the immediately lO neighboring axial slot 72. In this manner, the indexer 16 causes the fluid transfer member 18 to be rotated and/or longitudinally shifted into a discrete position In this regard, the fluid transfer member 18 will be both rotated and longitudinally shifted if the fluid transfer member 18 is fixedly attached to the indexer 16, whereas the fluid transfer member 18 will only be longitudinally shifted if the fluid transfer member 18 is rotatably attached to the l 5 indexer 16, as by a bearing. The number of discrete positions attainable is dependent upon the number of axial slots 72. As explained above, the present invention is not limited to any particular number of discrete positions. The indexer 16 can be selectively and successively indexed between each of the axial slots 72 to selectively choose the desired axial slot length and, accordingly, the desired position of the fluid transfer member 18, to control which fluid 20 outlet port 26-32 is in communication with the second fluid supply line 38.

Frorn the foregoing, it can be seen that the valve 10 of the present invention enables the downhole control and operation of any number of downhole hydraulically-actuated well tools with the use of only two hydraulic control lines running from the earth's surface to the - 33

\ valve 10, those two control lines being first and second fluid supply lines 36 and 38. The first fluid supply line 36 is used to apply hydraulic pressure oscillations to the piston 14, which in turn causes the indexer 16 to shift the fluid transfer member 18 into various discrete positions. A pressure increase on the first fluid supply line 36 allows a diversion of pressure supplied from a surface mounted pump (not shown) through the second fluid supply line 38 to one of a plurality of fluid outlet ports 26-32 Further pressure oscillations applied through the first fluid supply line 36 causes a cycling of pressurized hydraulic fluid from the second fluid supply line 38 to the next respective outlet port 26-32, in turn, until all outlet ports 2fi-32 have delivered hydraulic fluid.

10 Another spa civic embodiment of the valve of the present invention is shown in Figures S-10, and is designated generally as valve 11. 'I'he valve 11 may include a valve body 13 having a first End 13a, a second end 13b, an enclosed inner bore 13e, a first fluid inlet port 13 1, a second fluid inlet port 13e. a first Maid outlet poll. 13. a second fluid outlet port 13g, a f rst f uid exhaust port. 13h, and a second fluid exhaust port 13i. A shlitahle valve member 15 15 is disposed for longitudinal rnovemen t within the inner bore lee. 'I'he valve member 15 man include a first armniar recess 15a. a second annular recess 15b, a third annular recess 15e. a first notch or annular groove 15d. a second notch or Solar groove 15e, a third notch or annular groove 15f, a first end 15g, arid a second end lSh. A first fluid supply line 17 is cormceteci to a source of pressurized fluid and to the first fluid inlet post 13d on the valve 20 body 13. As more fully explained below, pressure may be applied to the second end 1 5h of the valve member 15 to shift the valve member 15 within the valve body 13. A return means is provided within the first end 13a of the valve body 13 adjacent the first end 15g of the valve member 15 to bias the valve member 15 to a normally closed, or fail safe, position, as - 34

shown in Figure 10. As further explained below, this "fail-safe" feature is particularly advantageous when the valve 11 is being used to control one of more subsurface safety valves (SCSSNI). In a specific embodiment, the return means may be pressurized gas 19, such as pressurized nitrogen. In this ernbod ment, the valve body 13 may include a charging port 13j 5 (e.g., a dill core valve) through which the pressurized gas may be placed within the valve body 13 prior to lowering the valve 11 into a well. In this embodiment, the return means may further include a viscous fluid 21, such as silicone, between the pressurized gas 19 and the first end 15g of the valve member 15. In another embodiment, the return means may comprise a spring 23. In another embodiment, the return means may include both the 10 pressurized gas 19 and the spring 23. In yet another embodiment, the return means may include a balance line connected to the port 13j in the same manner as described above in connection with Figure 1 (see balance line 54).

A retaining member 25 is mounted to the valve body 13 to cooperate with the notches/grooves 15d-f to maintain the valve member 15 in a plurality of discrete positions.

15 This embodiment illustrates a three-position valve member 15, but the invention should not be limited to any particular number of positions. In a specific embodiment' the retaining member 25 may be a spring-loaded detent ball. In another specific embodiment, the retaining member 25 may be a collet finger. In another specific embodiment, the positions of the retaining member 25 and the grooves/notches 15d-f could be switched. That is, the retaining 20 member 25 could be attached to the valve member 15 instead of the valve body 13, and the notches/grooves 15d-f could be disposed within the bore 13c instead of on the valve member 15. A second fluid supply line 27 is connected to a source of pressurized fluid and to the second fluid inlet port 13e on the valve body 13. The valve 11 is designed to enable an - 35

operator at the earth's surface to remotely alloNv or prohibit the flow of pressurized fluid from the second fluid supply line 27 through the valve 11 Further, where it is desired to allow the flow of pressurized fluid through the valve 11, the valve 11 is designed so as to permit the operator to select which of the outlet ports 13f or 13g the pressurized fluid is directed to, 5 thereby allowing the operator to remotely actuate and Reactuate downhole tools that are connected to the outlet ports 13f and 13g, as will be more fully explained below.

The specific embodiment of the valve 11 shown in Figures 8-10 is provided with three positions: a first position (Figure 8); a second position (Figure 9); and a third position (Figure 10), also r eferfed to as the "normally-Glosed" or 'fail-safe" position In the first 10 position. as shown in Figure 87 the third Similar recess l c is situated so as to route fluid from the second fluid supply line 27 to the second inlaid outlet port 13g, and the second amulet recess 1>b is situated so as to exhaust T1uid from a dowrrhole tool (not shown) to the first exhaust port 13h. T he exhausted fulgid may be passed through a one-way check valve or pressure relief valve 29 and/or a filler 31 before being vented to the annulus or routed back to 15 the surface. In the second position, as shown in Figure 9, the second armular recess 15b is situated so as to route fluid from the second fluid supply line 27 to the first fluid outlet port 13f, and the third annular recess l c is situated so as to exhaust fluid from a clownhole tool (not shown) to the second exhaust port 13i. I he exhausted fluid nary be passed through the check valve or pressure relief valve 29 and/or filter 31 before being vented to the annulus. As 20 eluded to above, in the event the first fluid supply line 17 were to rupture, the return means (19/21/23) would automatically shift the valve 11 to its 'normally-closed" or 'fail-safe" position, as shown in Figure 10. In this position, no pressurized fluid would be permitted to pass through the valve 11 to any downhole tool connected to the Lest or second outlet ports - 36

13f or 13g. Instead, the first annular recess 15a would be aligned so as to vent pressure from a downhole tool (not shown) through the first outlet port 13f and through the first exhaust port 13h. Lilcowise, the third annular recess l5c would be aligned so as to vent pressure from another downhole tool (not shown) through the second outlet port 13g and through the second 5 exhaust port 13i.

The shiftable valve member 15 may be further provided with a longitudinal bore 15i therethrough and a pressure equalizing valve 15j disposed in the longitudinal bore 15i. The purpose of providir. g the longitudinal bore 15i and pressure equalizing valve 15j is to equalize the pressure on both sides of the valve member 15 in the event that a seal containing 10 the pressurized gas 19 breaks, thereby allowing the pressurized gas l9 to escape, such as to the well annulus. When the pressure is equalized across the valve member 15, the spring 23 will force the valve member 15 into its third or "fail-safe'' position, as shown in Figure 10.

The structure and operation of the pressure equalizing valve 15j may be as disclosed in U. S. Patent Nos. 4,660,646 (Blizard) or 4,976,3 l 7 (Leismer), each of which is commonly 15 assigned hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

The manner in which the valve member 15 is moved back and forth between its various positions will now be explained. For example, to move the valve member 15 from its third position (Figure 10) to its second position (Figure 9), a predetermined magnitude of pressurized fluid is applied from the first fluid supply line 17 to the second end 15h of the 20 valve member 15 to overcome the return means and shift the valve member 15 so that the detent ball 25 disengages from the first notch/groove 15d and engages with the second notch/groove 15e. Similarly, to move the valve member 15 from its second position (Figure 9) to its first position (Figure 8), a predetermined magnitude of pressurized fluid is applied - 37

) from the first fluid supply line 17 to the second end 1Sh of the valve member l5 to shift the valve member 15 so that the detent ball 25 disengages from the second notch/groove 1Se and engages with the third notch groove 1Sf. In a similar manner, the valve member 15 may be shifted back to its second and third positions by bleeding off a sufficient amount of 5 pressurized fluid from the first fluid supply line 17 to allow the refilm means (19/21123) to shift the valve member 15 into its second and third positions. As explained elsewhere herein' the valve 11 may further be provided with appropriate sensors and conductor cables to transmit a signal to the earth's surface corresponding to the various positions of the valve member 1'. As also explained below in relation to Figures 21 and 99. a plurality of valves 11 I () may be incorporated into a fluid con rol system. in series and/or parallel combinations, to permit the remote control of numerous downhule well tools via one OI two hydraulic control lines running from the earth s surface. 1 he valve member 15 is further provided with appropriate seals For reason that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art.

The valves l0 and 11 of the presort invention. as described above. can be used in a 15 variety oil configurations. T;or example. the valves 10 and 11 can be provided as a stand-alone fool act shown in Figures 1-4 and 810. The valves 10 and 11 may be tubing-deployed or wireline-retrievabie. In another embodiment the valves 10 and 11 may be incorporated into another dov nliolc well tool. Boor example, the valves 1) and 11 may be incorporated into a wircline-retrievable side-pocket mandrel. Alternatively the valves 10 and l 1 may be 20 incorporated into a sidewall of a sub.suriace safety valve.

Referring now to Figure 11. a partial schematic representation of an "intelligent well completion'' is shown utilizing a tshing-deployed dowr hole valve 10' of the present invention to control a first and a second surface-controlled subsurface safety valve (SCSSV) - 38

82 and 84, in a typical configuration for subsea wells. One of ordinary skill in the art will immediately recognize that each of the SCSSVs 82 and 84 includes dual and redundant hydraulic pistons, but this should not be taken as a limitation. A first fluid supply line 36' and a second fluid supply line 38' supply pressurized hydraulic fluid frown a source of 5 pressurized fluid, such as a pump (not shown), in a surface control panel 86 to the valve 10'.

Other items of interest in the completion are a wellhead 88, residing on the sea floor 90, a well casing g2, and a production tubing string 94 that directs hydrocarbons into a subsea flow line 96. The SCSSVs 82 and 84 may be any type of surface-controlled subsurface safety valve known to those of ordinary skill in the art, examples of which include those disclosed in 10 U.S. Patent Nos. 4,161,219 (Pringle), 4,66O,646 (Blizzard) , 4,976,317 (Leismer), and 5,503,229 (Hill, Jr. et al.), each of which is commonly assigned hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The first safety valve 82 may include a second piston 106, a third piston 108, a first flow tube 110, and a first valve closure member 112. The first flow tube 110 is movable in response to movement of at least one of the second and third pistons 106 and 108 15 to open and close the first valve closure member 112. The second safety valve 84 may include a fourth piston 114, a fifth piston 116, a second flow tube 118, and a second valve closure member 120. The second flow tube 118 is movable in response to movement of at least one of the fourth and fifth pistons 114 and 116 to open and close the second valve closure member 120.

20 The completion shown in Figure 1I may be provided with one or more of the valves of the present invention. The specific embodiment shown in Figure 11 is shown with a single valve 10', more fully discussed below. In another specific embodiment, the single valve 10' may be replaced with three valves 290, 292, and 294 as shown schematically in Figure 23.

- 39

This latter specific embodiment provides an operator at the earth's surface with the ability to satisfy each of the following four conditions: (1) hold both of the SCSSVs 82 and 84 open at the same time; (2) hold both of the SCSSVs 82 and 84 closed at the same time; (3) hold SCSSV 82 open while at the same time holding SCSSY 84 closed; and (4) hold SCSSV 82 S closed while at the same time holding SCSSV 84 open. In this embodiment, with reference to Figure 23, the valves 29O, 292, and 294 may be of the type illustrated in Figures 8-IO. With reference to Figures 8-11 and 23, a first fluid supply line 36' is connected to the first valve 290 to provide pressurized fluid thereto to bias the shiftable valve member 15 (1 igures X-10) against the return means 19121/23 (Figures 8-IO), and a second fluid supply line 38' is 10 connected to each of the valves 29(). 292, and 294 to provide pressurized fluid for distribution therethrough. One of the outlet ports of the first valve 290 is connected via a conduit 296 to the second valve 292 '.o move the second valve 29 between its various positions, and the other of the outlet ports of the first valve 290 is connected via conduit 298 to the third valve 794 to nerve the third valve 294 betwoc n its various positions. The outlet ports of the seconc! 1> calve 292 are connected lo the first and second SCSSV 82 and 84 (see Figure II) via the conduits IOO and 104, respectively. The outlet ports of the third valve 294 are connectecl to the first and second S(:SS: 82 and 84 (see Figure 11) via the conduits 98 and 102, respectively. rising this specific embodiment, an operator at the earth's surface can remotely control the opening ant' closing of the two SCSS v s 82 and 34 and satisfy each of the four 20 ahove-listed conditions by con::follably modifying the pressure of the fluid being applied through the first fluid control line 36' to the first valve 290. More specifically, the first valve 290 is used to control the second and third valves 292 and 294. By changing the pressure of the fluid being applied through the first fluid supply line 36' to the first valve 290, the -

operator is able to remotely select which of the conduits 98-104 are supplied with pressurized fluid and/or whether fluid is exhausted from one or more of the valves 290-294. It is noted, as explained in more detail elsewhere herein, that the valves 290-294 are designed such that fluid will be exhausted from the SCSSVs 82 and 84 in the event of any failure or loss of control of the valves 290-294 due to a rupture in the first fluid supply line 36'. In another embodiment, in the event that each of the tandem SCSSVs 82 and 84 is provided with a single operating piston, as opposed to dual pistons as shown in Figure 11, the single valve 10' shown in Figure 11 may be replaced with two valves ofthe present invention, in an arrangement similar to that shown in Figure 23. This embodiment will also provide the I O operator at the earth's surface with the ability to satisfy each of the four above-listed conditions. As mentioned above, in a specific embodiment, the completion shown in Figure 11 may also be provided a single valve 10'. In this specific embodiment, the downhole valve 10' may include a plurality of outlet ports 26'-32', each connected to a plurality of conduits 98 15 104, two are directed to the first SCSSV 82, and two are directed to the SCSSV 84. It will be immediately obvious to one skilled in the art that a greater or lesser number of output ports may be used to match the number of hydraulically operated tools/ports employed in the completion. Further, it will be obvious from the disclosure of this invention that other types

of equipment may be conceived and adapted to receive this manner of hydraulic control. In a 20 specific embodiment, the downhole valve 10' may include a first outlet port 26', a second outlet port 28', a third outlet port 30', and a fourth outlet port 32'. The second piston 106 on the firstS(::SSV 82 is in fluid communication with the first outlet port 26' on the downhole valve 10' through the first conduit 98, and the third piston 108 is in fluid communication with

the second outlet port 28' on the dowr hole valve 10' through the second conduit 100, The fourth piston 114 on the second SCSSV 84 is in fluid communication with the third outlet port 30' on the downhole valve 10' through the third conduit 102, and the fifth piston:116 is in fluid communication with the fourth outlet port 32' on the downhole valve 10' through the 5 fourth conduit 104.

In a specific embodiment the dov nhole valve 10' may further include a plurality of fluid exhaust ports 56'-60' at least one of which is in fluid communication with one of the fluid outlet ports 26'-32', other than the fluid outlet port in fluid communication with the second fluid supply line 38, for at least one of the plurality of discrete fluid- transfer-member 10 positions. In operation, pressure oscillations on the first fluid supply line 36 redirect the pressurized hydraulic fluid conveyed through the second fluid supply line 38 and into one of the outlet ports 26'-32'. and subsequGntl, into onc of the conduits 98-104. for transport to a selected use point, in this case one or the other S('5SV 82 or 84, while subsequently venting the other three lines. SUCH as through the exhaust ports h'-60'. As noted above, when the l dovvni1ole tool beings controlled through use of the valve of the present invention is SCS7SV7 as is the case with Figure 11, it is important that the valve 107 be designed to fail in a closed position, Morc specifically. if there is a rupture in the first fluid supply line 36', the valve 10' should return to a default or normally closed position so that pressurized fluid is restricted from flowing from the second fluid supply line 38' to either of the SCSSVs 82 or tl4 and all 20 pressurized fluid is exhausted from the SCSSVs 82 and 84 through the exhaust ports 565-60' to enable the SCSSNis 82 and X4 to move to their respective "fail-safe" or;'nofmally-closed" positions.

In another specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 12, which is a crosssectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11, the downhole valve 10' may be located in the wall of an SCSSY 82, or any other suitable downhole device that has a wall of sufficient thickness to accommodate the dimensions of the valve 10', or it may be secured to the outside diameter 5 of a downhole device, such as a nipple or pup joint (neither shown).

Referring now to Figure 13, which is a partial schematic representation of another "intelligent well completion," a do vnhole valve 10" is shown deployed within a side pocket mandrel 121. As will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, the valve 10" may be "wireline retrievable," and may be provided with a latching mechanism, such as the 10 latching mechanism 174 shown in Figure 19C, discussed below, for mating with a wireline tool (not shown) to enable an operator at the earth's surface to remotely retrieve and/or install the valve 172, in a manner well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The dowr hole valve to" is again shown controlling tandem surface controlled subsurface safety valves 82 and 84, in a typical configuration for subsea wells. As before, a first fluid supply line 36' and 15 a second fluid supply line 38' supply pressurized hydraulic fluid from a pump (not shown) in a surface control panel 86 to the valve 10". Also as before' the valve 10" may include three valves, such as the valves 290-294 shown in Figure 23. All other aspects of Figure 13 are the same as explained above in connection with Figures 11,12, and 23.

Referring now to Figures 14A and 14B, another specific embodiment of a downhole 20 valve 122 of the present invention is illustrated. As shown in Figure 14A, the valve 122 includes a valve body 124 that is connected to a first fluid supply line 126 at a first end 128 of the valve body 124. Me first fluid supply line 126 is connected to a source of pressurized fluid (not shown) and is in fluid communication with a piston 130 that is disposed for -43

longitudinal movement within the valve body 124 in response to pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line 126. A spring 132 is disposed within the valve body 124 to oppose the force exerted on the piston 130 by the pressurized fluid in the first fluid supply line 126 and to bias the piston 130 toward the first end 128 of the valve body 124. In an alternative embodiment, a nitrogen charge and/or a balance line, such as disclosed elsewhere herein, may be provided to assist or replace the spring to bias the piston 130 toward the first end 128 of the valve body 124. Referring now to Figure 14B, the piston 130 is cormected to a caromed indexer 134 of the type discussed above and illustrated in I igures -7. The indexer 134 is engaged with a retaining member 136. In a specific embodiment, the retaining member 136 mail be an 1.

I O shaped hook hingedly attached to the valve body 124 about a pin l 38 and biased into cngaoement with the indexer 134 by a spring strap 140. The indexer 134 is connected to a fluid trau1sicr member 142 which includes at least one fluid charmer therethTough. In this specific embodiment. the at least one fluid channel tray be established through a longitudinal bore 144 through the fluid transfer member 142, the longitudinal bore 144 being in fluid 15 cornn unication with an axial bore 146. As best shown In Figure 16. which is a cross sectional view talked along line IG-16 of Figure 14X and also in Figure l8 which is a partial elevational view- taken along line 158-18 of f igure 16, the valve bonny 124 is connected to a second fluid supply line 148, whirls is connected to a source of pressurized fluid (not shown) As best shown in Figure 148. the second fluid supply line 148 is in fluid communication with 20 the longitudinal bore 144 through the fluid transfer member 142 T lee valve 1 22 further includes at least one fluid outlet port In this specific embodiment, as shown in f igure 1411, the valve 122 includes five fluid outlet ports, namely a first fluid outlet port 150, a second fluid outlet port 152, a third fluid outlet port 154, a fourth - 44

\ fluid outlet port 156, and a fifth fluid outlet port 158 As shown in Figures 15 through 18, the first outlet port 150 is in fluid communication with a first fluid transfer conduit 160, the second outlet port 152 is in fluid communication with a second fluid transfer conduit 162, the third outlet port 154 is in fluid communication with a third fluid transfer conduit 164, the 5 fourth outlet port 156 is in fluid communication with a fourth fluid transfer conduit 166, and the fifth outlet port 158 is in fluid communication with a fifth fluid transfer conduit 168 Each of the transfer conduits 160-168 may be connected to a variety of pressure-actuated downhole well tools (not shown). As explained above in connection with Figures 1-4 and 8 1O, the present invention is not intended to be limited to a valve having any particular number l O of fluid outlet ports.

The valve 122 may further include a pressure transducer 123 for sensing the pressure of fluid entering the valve 122 through the first fluid supply line 126. The transducer 123 may be connected to the supply line 126 outside of the valve 122, or it may be located on the valve body 124 between the piston 130 and the first end 128 of the valve body 124, as shown 15 in Figure 14A. The transducer 123 is connected to a fiber decode unit 127 at the earth's surface by a conductor cable 125. In a specific embodiment, the transducer 123 may be a fiber optic E,raggrate-type pressure transducer, and the conductor cable 125 may be a fiber optic cable. The fiber decode unit 127 converts the signal being transmitted via the fiber optic cable 125 into an electric signal, which is transmitted to a control module 129, in a 20 manner known in the art. The control module 129 may include an electric circuit or a computer loaded with software, and is designed to convert the signal coming from the fiber optic decode writ 127 into a readout showing the position of the indexer 134. The propose of providing a readout to the operator at the earth's surface of the hydraulic pressure at the valve -45

122 is to provide an indication of the position of the fluid transfer member 142 (Figure 14B), which will tell the operator which outlet port 150-158 is being supplied with pressurized fluid from the second fluid supply line 148. The control module 129 is equipped with the appropriate controls, circuitry, computer, etc. to convert the pressure reading to a signal S indicating which outlet port 150-1 8 is activated, as will be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In operation, a pressure oscillation is introduced into the first fluid supply line 126 (Figure 144) to move the piston 13() to index the indexer 134, which is biased toward the first end 128 of the valve body 124 by the spring 132. In the maimer explained above in 10 connection with Figures 1-7, the indexer 134 and the retaining mcmLer 136 cooperate to locate and hold the fluid transfer member 142 in a plurality of discrete positions. In this manner, an operator at the earth's surface may remotely select which outlet port 150-158 is in fluid communication with the second fluid supply line 148, and thcreLy selcotivcl v apply pressure through one of the fluid transtt r condilit.s 160-468 to a selected pressure-acruated 1do h lholc well tool (not shown). Figure 1413 illustrates the fluid transfer member 142 positioned so as to align the axial bore 146 with the fifth fluid outlet port 158. in this position, pressurized fluid is delivered from the second fluid supply line 148 through the loins inldinal bore 144, through the axial bore 146, through the pith fluid outlet port 158, and through the fifth fluid transfer conduit 168 to a downholc well tool (nest shown) 20 As explained above. the downhole valve of the present invention may be provided in a variety of configurations. For example. it may be a stand-alone tool, as shown in Figures 1-4 and 8-10, it may be provided as an integral component of a downhole well tool, such as a subsurface safety valve (see Figures 11 and 12), or it may also be retrievably located within a - 46

downhole tool, either by wireline or by tubing, such as, for example, in a side-pocket mandrel (see Figure 13). In this regard, with reference to Figures 19A through 19D, a slightly modified version of the specific embodiment of the downhole valve 122 illustrated in Figure 14 through 18 is shown located in a side-pocket mandrel 170. Referring to Figures l9C and 5 191), a specific embodiment of a downhole valve of the present invention is referred to generally by the numeral 172. As stated above, this embodiment of the valve 172 is very similar to the valve 122 shown in Figures 14-18, with one of the differences being that the valve 172 shown here is provided with a latching mechanism 174 for mating with a wireline tool (not shown) to enable an operator at the earth's surface to remotely retrieve and/or install 10 the valve 172, in a manner well lcnown to those of ordinary skill in the art. In this specific embodiment, the valve 172 includes a valve body 176 having a first fluid inlet port 178 in fluid communication with a piston 130'. When the valve 172 is installed in the side poclcet mandrel 170, the fluid inlet port 178 is aligned with a second fluid inlet port 180 located through the wall of the side pocket mandrel 170. The second fluid inlet port 180 is connected 15 to a first fluid supply line (not shown) that is connected to a source of pressurized fluid (not shown). The valve 172 further includes a spring 132', a multiple-position indexer 134', and a fluid transfer member 142'. With the exception of the above-noted differences, the structure and operation of the valve 172 shown here is similar to that of the valve 122 shown in Figures 14A-14B.

20 In another specific embodiment, instead of using a hydraulicallyactuated indexing mechanism to move the fluid transfer member 18, 142, 142' to a plurality of discrete positions to selectively direct pressurized fluid from the second fluid supply line 38, 148 to any number of downhole well tools, an electrically-controlled indexing system is provided, as - 47

shown in Figures 20A and 2013. With reference to Figure 20A, a specific embodiment of the dowr hole valve of the present invention is denoted by the numeral 182 In this embodiment, the valve 182 is co mected to an electrical cable 184 that is connected to a source of electricity (not shown), such as at the earth's surface or on a downhole well tool (not shown).

5 The cable 184 may include a plurality of electrical conductors. A motor 186 is disposed within the valve 182 and is connected to the electrical cable 184. In a specific embodiment, the motor IX6 may be a stepper motor. A linear actuator 188 is connected to the motor 186 and is moveablc in response to actuation of the motor 186. The linear actuator 188 is also connected to a fluid transLcr member 190, the structure and operation of which is as described 1() above for the fluid transfer rnembef 142 shown in l::i ure 148. In a specific embodiment. the linear actuator 188 may be a threaded rod that is threadab]y connected to the fluid transfer member l 9f) so that rotation of tl e threaded rod will cause longitudinal rno: ement of the fluid transfer ncTnbcT 190. In this manner. pressuTizcd t, uicl may be selectively plied through the fluid transfer mcmcer 190 to ore or more downnolc well tools (not shown).

15 In a specific embodiment, the valve 182 may also include a position indicator 192 connected to the motor 186. The position indicator 19 will provide a signal to a contra panel (not shown) at the earth's surface to indicate the position of the linear actuator 188. and thereby provide all indication of the Position of the fluid transfer member 190. In this Tnanucr. the operator at the earth's surface will know which downhole well tool (not shown) 20 is being, supplied with pressurized f did, and will enable the operator to select which particular downl1ole well tool (not shown) is to be actuated. In a specific embodiment. the position indicator l 92 may be a rotary variable differential transformer (RVDT). In a specific embodiment, the F(VDT 192, the motor 186, and the linear actuator 1X8 may be an integral - 48

unit, of the type available from Astro Corp., of Dearfield, Florida, such as Model No. 800283.

In another specific embodiment, the position indicator 192 may be an electromagnetic tachometer. In another specific embodiment, if the motor 186 is a stepper motor, the position indicator 192 may be a step counter for counting the number of times the stepper motor l 86 5 has been advanced. In another specific embodiment, the position indicator 192 may be an electrical resolver. In a specific embodiment, the valve 182 may further include an electronic module 194 connected between the electrical cable 184 and the motor 186 to control operation of the motor 186.

One of ordinary skill in the art will immediately recognize that the various above 10 described embodiments of the downhole valve of the present invention may be used in a variety of configurations. For example, as shown in Figure 21, a downhole well control system 196 may employ a plurality of dowllhole valves 198-204 to control a plurality of pressureactuated downhole well tools. In a specific embodiment, the system 196 may include a first valve 198, a second valve 200, a third valve 202, and a fourth valve 204. Each 5 valve 198-204 may be of the type described above and shown in Figures l-19. The first valve 198 may include a first pilot port 206, a first inlet port 208, a first outlet port 210, a first return port 212, a first exhaust port 214, and may be shiftable in response to a pressure oscillation having a first magnitude (e.g., 1000 p. s.i.). The second valve 200 may include a second pilot port 216, a second inlet port 218, a second outlet port 220, a second return port 20 222, a second exhaust port 224, and may be shiftable in response to a pressure oscillation having a second magnitude (e.g., 2000 p.s.i.), the second magnitude being greater than the first magnitude. The third valve 202 may include a third pilot port 226, a third inlet port 228, a third outlet port 230, a third return port 232, a third exhaust port 234, and may be shiftable - 49

in response to a pressure oscillation having a third magnitude (e.g., 3000 p s.i.), the third magnitude being greater than the second magnitude. The fourth valve 204 may include a fourth pilot port 236, a fourth inlet port 238, a fourth outlet post 240, a fourth return port 242, a fourth exhaust port 244, and may be shiftable in response to a pressure oscillation having a 5 fourth magnitude (e.g., 4000 p.s.i.), the fourth magnitude being greater than the third magnitude. A first fluid supply line 246 may be connected to at least one source of pressurized fluid, such as within control panel 248 at the earth's surface, and may be connected to each of the valves 198-204 at their respective pilot ports 206, 216, 226, arid 236.

A second fluid supply line 250 roar be connected to the at least one source of pressurized l O fluid and to each of the valves 198-204 at their respective inlet ports 20S, 21S,228, and 238 T he frost valve 198 is connected to a first downhole Novell tool 252, the second valve 20V is connected to a second downho]e mall tool 254, the third valve 202 is connected to a third downholc well tool 25G. and the fourtl. valve 204 is connected to a fourth dow dlole well tool 258. l 5 In operation, a pressure oscillation of the first rr agnitude may be sent through the first fluid supply hne 246 to index fir-et fluid transfer member within the first valve 198 to a first discrete position to (a) distrThutc pressurized fluid in the second fluid supply line 250 through the first outlet port 2 l0 to the first rlo T] ole well tool 252 and (b) prevent fluid flow from the first downhole well tool 252 into the first return port 212. Another pressure oscillation of the 20 first magnitude may then be sent through the first fluid supply line 246 to index the first fluid transfer member within the first downhole valve l9X to a second discrete position to (a) prevent fluid flow from the second fluid supply line 250 through the first outlet port 210 and (b) vent pressurized fluid from the first downhole well tool 252 into the first return port 212 -

and through the first exhaust port 214. In this manner, the first valve 198 may be toggled back and forth to apply and bleed pressure from the first downhole NN ell tool 252 without actuating or deactuating the other downhole well tools 254, 256, and 258. A signal may be transmitted over a first conductor cable 260 to the control panel 248 to provide an indication 5 to an operator at the earth's surface as to whether pressure is being applied to or vented from the first downhole well tool 252.

To operate the second downhole well tool 254, a pressure oscillation of the second magnitude may then be sent through the first fluid supply line 246 to index a second fluid transfer member within the second valve ZOO to a first discrete position to (a) distribute 10 pressurized fluid in the second fluid supply line 250 through the second outlet port 220 to the second downhole well tool 254 and (b) prevent:fluid flow from the second downhole well tool 254 into the second return port 222. Note that the pressure oscillation of the second magnitude will toggle both the first valve 198 in addition to toggling the second valve 200. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the third and fourth valves 202 15 and 204 may be toggled in like manner to actuate and Reactuate the third and fourth downhole tools 256 and 258, respectively. The system 196 if further provided with second, third, and fourth conductor cables 262,264,266 to provide signals to the control panel 248 to provide an indication to an operator at the earth's surface as to whether pressure is being applied to or vented from the second, third, or fourth downhole well tools 254, 256, or 258, respectively.

20 The first fluid supply line 246 may further include one or more accumulators 268 and/or chokes 270 to prevent the pressure oscillations from chattering the valves 198-204, as will be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

- 51

Another example illustrating the numerous possible configurations of a well control system employing a plurality of the downhole valves of the present invention is shown in Figure 22, which illustrates the use of downhole valves in series and parallel relationship.

The system 268 shown in Figure 22 includes a first, a second. and a third three-position 5 downhole valve 270, 272, and 274 The first valve 270 is connected to a pilot line 276 and a main supply line 278. As shown in Figure 22' the valve 270 is positioned to direct pressurized fluid from the main supply line 278 to a first output port 280 Pressurized fluid is then dIrected from the first output post 280 to (1) a first downhole tool 281, (2) a pilot port 282 and an inlet po'.t 284, both on the second valve 277, and (,) a pilot port 286 and an inlet l O port 2887 both on the third valve 274. Each valve 27()-274 is designed to index at a pressure oscillation having a first. second, and third magnitude, respectively The first magnitude is greater than the second magnitude and the second magnitude is greater than tile third magnitude In the configurations discussed above, the multiplexer valve of the present invention 1- is used to remotely control the application and venting of pressurized fluid to and from a plurality of downhole pfessure-actuated well tools In addition to this broad use, the multiplexer valve of the present invention man also be used to remotely control the injections of chemicals (or corrosion ird ibitors) into a plurality otproduction zones in a well having multiple lateral well bores As s well l nown to those of ordinary skill in the art, when 20 injecting chemicals into a well for the purpose of combating corrosion, it is preferred that the chemicals be injected at the lowermost portion, or bettors, of the well so that they may become entrained in the production fluids and coat the entirety of the inner surface of the production tubing and well tools as the production fluid-chemical mixture is produced to the surface As such. a chemical injection line is connected between the earth's surface and a -!; 2

chemical injector valve placed at the bottom of the well to enable an operator at the earth's surface to remotely inject chemicals at the bottom of the well. However, when producing from a well having multiple lateral well bores, the well completion will have a number of distinct production zones As such, the "bottom of the well" will vary depending on which 5 production zone is being produced. One approach to providing the ability to inject chemicals in each production zone is to position a chemical injection valve in each production zone and run a separate chemical injection line from the surface to each chemical injection valve. This approach can become quite expensive. By use of the multiplexer valve of the present invention, however, the ability to inject chemicals into each production zone can be provided l 0 with a single multiplexer and a single chemical injection line. Alternatively, the ability to inject chemicals into each production zone may be provided with a single multiplexer, a single chemical injection line, and a single hydraulic control line.

For example, any of the above embodiments of the multiplexer valve of the present invention (e.g., the valve 10 shown in Figures 1-4, the valve 11 shown in Figures 8-10, the 15 valve 122 shown in Figures 14A-14B, etc.) may be provided as part of a well completion, in any manner as discussed hereinabove (e.g., tubing deployed, wireline retrievable, etc.), and at any position in the well completion. For example, the valve may be positioned above the uppermost packer in the completion, i.e., above all of the multiple production zones.

Alternatively, the valve may be placed within any of the production zones, or the valve may 20 be placed below all of the production zones. Irrespective of the position of the valve, there will be an injection chemical supply line connected to the valve (e.g., the second fluid supply line 27 in Figures 8-10) for supplying the injection chemicals from the earth's surface to the well, and there may also be another fluid supply line for moving the valve between its various positions (e.g., the first fluid supply line 17 in Figures 8-10). As explained above, the - 53

) pressurized fluid for moving the valve between its various positions may be supplied from a separate fluid supply line turning from the eartn's surface (e.g., the first fluid supply line 17 in igures 8- l 0), or it may be supplied from the main fluid supply line (e.g., the second fluid supply line 27 in Figures 8-10). In this latter instance, where there is only one fluid supply 5 line running from the earth's surface to the valve (i.e., the main fluid supply line or injection chemical line) the valve will be moved between its various positions in response to pressurized corrosion-inhibiting chemicals (e.g., diesel fuel). In the event that the electrically-piloted embodiment of the present invention is used (see I:igures 20A-20), there will be two lines running from the cartll's surface to the valve, namely, art electrical cable and 10 a chemical injector line.

Irrespective of the particular embodiment of the present invention used in this chemical-injection configuration and irrespective of its particular location in the completion, the valve will include at least one outlet port for each of the desired injection locations (i.e. for each of the production zones). In addition, there will be a separate line or conduit running 15 from each outlet port to each of the productions zones, unless the valve is located within one of the production zones. in which case no separate conduit will be needed for that production zone- the chemicals can simply he distributed into that production zone straight from the outlet post designated tot that production zone. I he valve Of the present invention may be remotely and selectively controlled as described in detail above? to send injection chemicals 20 to the appropriate zone. depending on which zone is being produced. As just one of many possible specific embodiments of a well completion using the multiplexer of the present invention to control the injection of chemicals into multiple production zones, reference is now made to the well completion shown in Figure 24.

- 54

Figure 24 illustrates a well completion disposed in a well having multiple (first, second, and third) lateral well bores 300, 302, and 304. The well completion includes first, second, third, and fourth packers 306, 308, 310, and 312, each of which is connected to a production tubing 314. The first and second packers 306 and 308 define a first production S zone 316 associated with the first lateral well bore 300. The second and third packers 308 and 310 define a second production zone 318 associated with the second lateral well bore 302. The third and fourth packers 310 and 312 define a third production zone 320 associated with the third lateral well bore 304. The completion further includes first, second, and third flow control devices 321, 323, and 325, such as sliding sleeves, connected to the tubing 314 l O and located in each of the first, second, and third productions zones 316, 318, and 320, respectively The completion further includes a multiplexer valve 322 connected to the tubing 314. As explained above, the valve 322 may be any of the embodiments discussed above. In this specific embodiment, the valve 322 is located above the uppermost packer 306, but this position should not be taken as a limitation, as explained above. A first fluid IS supply line 324 is connected between a source of pressurized fluid 326 at the earth's surface and the valve 322 to remotely move the valve 322 between its various positions. It is notedthat if the valve 322 is the electrically-operated embodiment described above, the first supply line 324 will be an eleckrical cable and the source 326 will be a source of electricity. The completion further includes a second fluid supply line (or injection chemical line) 328 that is 20 connected between a source of injection chemicals 330 at the earth's surface and the valve 322. In this specific embodiment, the valve 322 is provided with first, second and third outlet ports 332, 334, and 336. A first conduit 338 leads from the first outlet port 332 to the first production zone 316, and preferably terminates at a point below the first flow control device - 55

l 321 and just above the second packer 308. A second conduit 340 leads from the second outlet port 334 to the second production zone 3 l 8, and preferably terminates at a point below the second flow control device 323 and just above the third packer 310 A third conduit 342 leads from the third outlet port 336 to the third production zone 320, and preferably S terminates at a point below the third flow control device 325 and just above the fourth packer 312. It is noted that the conduits 338-342 may terminate so as to dispense the injection chemicals into the well ampules and/or within the production tubing 3l 4. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, in view of the above disclosure and discussion of

the various embodiments of the multiplexer of the present invention? that the multiplexer 322 10 maN be used to rcn otcly and sclectivel control the injection of corrosion inhibiting chemicals into each of the production zones 316-32U, depending on which zone is being produced. It is emphasized again the, the well completion shown in Fiourc 24 is but one of many Novell completions in which the multiplexer oiThe present invention could be used lo remotely and selectively inject chemicals into multiple production zones. The number of 15 packers production zones. flow control devices, lateral well bores, etc shown in Figure 24 are no: intended to be and should not be taken as a limitation.

In another specific ernhodiment. in the event that: more than one production::one is being produced at the same time it may be desirable to provide the mall completion with the ability to simultaneously inject chemicals into each zone being produce:1. In such event. the 20 multiplexer 322 may include a ph rality of the dov nhole valves of the present invention, in series and/or parallel combinations, such as shown, for exarnplc, in Figure 23, discussed above. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the exact details ot construction, operation, exact materials or embodiments shown and described, as obvious - 56

- m odifications and equivalents will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Accordingly, the invention is therefore to be limited only by the scope ofthe appended claims.

- 57

Claims

S9, OON: t?:; c Widows 1 117. The dow e s-a eaded od 2 threadably

connected to the fluid transfer member, rotation of the threaded rod causing 3 3 movement of the fluid transfer member.,,,; W 1 118. The downhole valve of claim 109, further including a rotary va 'e 2 differential transformer connected to the motor and to the electrical come.

1 119. The downhole valve of claim 118, where the Motor, the linear actuator, and 2 the rotary variable differential transformer are an integral up If 1 120. The downhole valve of claim 109 rthe including an electronic module 2 connected between the electrical cable and th motor to control operation of the motor.

I 121. The downhole van claim 109, furred including an electromagnetic 2 tachometer connected to tutor and to the electrical control line.

1 122. The hole valve of claim 109, further including an electric resolver 2 connected to th otor and to the electrical control line.

1 /3. The downhole valve of claim 109, wherein the fluid transfer member includes 2 animality of annular recesses for controlling fluid corun unication between the fluid supply 3 Sync the lm l;ty uiBu; 1 outlet pa -. - -

1 id, - A well completion coInprising: 2 a surface control panel having at least one source of pressurized fluid; 3 a production tubing connected to a downhole valve means and a plurality of 4 pressure-actuated downhole well tools; 5 a fluid supply line connected to the at least one source of pressurized fluid and 6 to the downhole valve means, the downhole valve means being 7 remotely controllable in response to pressurized fluid in the fluid - &

) 8 supply line to selectively establish fluid communication between the 9 fluid supply line and the plurality of downhole well tools.

I. A' Tile well completion of claiming, wherein the downhole valve means is 2 located within a sidewall of one of the plurality of downhole well tools.

1 3 The well completion of claims, wherein the downhole valve means is 2 retrievab]y located within a side pocket mandrel connected to the production tubing.

I:,,, The well completion of claiming further including means on the downhole 2 valve means for establishing two-way communication between the downhole valve means 3 and the surface control panel.

I The well completion of claims wherein two-way communication is 2 electrically established between the downhole valve means and the surface control panel.

1 (A The well completion of claim,' wherein two-way communication is fIber 59 optically established between the downhole valve means and the surface control panel.

I - - 130. A well com l on-co i i.

50 a surface control panel having at least one source of pressuriz,,ed avid, 3 a first and second surface controlled subsurface safe,, -valve connected to a 4 production tubing; '"''-I' multiplexer means connected to the' production tubing for remotely and 6 selectively estab ing fluid communication between the at least one 7 sourcogl p ressurized fluid and the first and second safety valves to 8 ir endently satisfy each of the following four conditions: 9,' ' (a) simultaneously holding the first and second safety valves open; I O,,r5 -^ (b) simulataneously holding the first and second safety valves a' _