GB2359548A - Composition and method for preventing water ingress in concrete and masonry - Google Patents
Composition and method for preventing water ingress in concrete and masonry Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2359548A GB2359548A GB0013819A GB0013819A GB2359548A GB 2359548 A GB2359548 A GB 2359548A GB 0013819 A GB0013819 A GB 0013819A GB 0013819 A GB0013819 A GB 0013819A GB 2359548 A GB2359548 A GB 2359548A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- siloxane
- paste
- silane
- silane compound
- thickening agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title description 10
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical group O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000005055 alkyl alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920004482 WACKER® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003493 octyltriethoxysilane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
- E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses
- E04B1/648—Damp-proof courses obtained by injection or infiltration of water-proofing agents into an existing wall
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/40—Compounds containing silicon, titanium or zirconium or other organo-metallic compounds; Organo-clays; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B24/42—Organo-silicon compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
- C04B41/4922—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
- Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
A method of treating the fabric of a building to prevent the ingress of water involves drilling a number of cavities into the relevant area of the building. Thereafter the cavities are filled with a thixotropic paste comprising at least one silane compound, at least one siloxane compound and a thickening agent, all in a water base. The silane compound is preferably an alkyl alkoxy silane such as iso-octyl triexthoxy silane. The silane compound or compounds may be mixed with oligomers having 3 to 8 siloxane units and carrying alkoxy residues. A second siloxane may be present in the form of a modified polymethyl siloxane, preferably as a solvent free water emulsion containing 50 per cent by weight of the polymethyl siloxane. The thickening agent is preferably a modified bentonite.
Description
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF CONCRETE AND MASONRY This invention relates to a novel composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry to create a barrier to the passage of moisture.
Concrete and bricks are widely used constructional materials for buildings. Suitably used they have excellent strength and potentially such buildings have a life that can be measured in centuries if maintained against the ravages of the elements. A problem that frequently occurs, particularly but not exclusively in older buildings, is the ingress of water. Due to the porous nature of such building materials moisture can be absorbed through capillary action through contact with the ground on which the building stands. Various means have been tried to prevent water ingress through capillary action such as by applying electrical potentials, treatments with varnish and with water repellent compositions. The latter is one of the more effective methods but the existing methods of injecting the repellent compositions into concrete and brickwork are labour intensive and time consuming. Holes are drilled in the fabric of the building to be treated and thereafter a liquid composition containing a water repellent compound is injected at high pressure. This requires each hole to be sealed by an injection nozzle in a manner that can withstand the pressure for quite long periods. The liquid compositions used in the injection process normally contain the water repellent compound in solution in an organic solvent. Ultimately this solvent evaporates into the environment which is undesirable and may create a level of solvent vapour which is banned by legislation. In an alternative method the water repellent composition is plugged into the hole in the form of a frozen rod. However this inevitably adds water to the building as the rod melts. After treatment the water from the thawed rods must dry out before the repellent becomes effective. Both methods require machinery to be transported to site. The injection method described requires an operator to carry a compressor on to the site before treatment and obtain pneumatic or electric power unless the compressor is self powered. In the second method it is necessary to provide refrigerating equipment with an associated power supply or, if only a limited area is to be treated, a thermally insulated carrier with solid carbon dioxide or similar coolant. The present invention provides a method of treating the fabric of a building to prevent water ingress which avoids the need for fluid compressors or refrigerating means to be carried on site and power supplies to be arranged. According to the present invention there is provided a method of treating the fabric of a building to prevent the ingress of water characterised in that a number of cavities are drilled into the relevant area of the building and thereafter the cavities are filled with a thixotropic paste comprising at least one silane compound, at least one siloxane compound and a thickening agent all in a water base. The silane compound is preferably an alkyl alkoxy silane such as iso-octyl triexthoxy silane. Such compounds hydrolyse in alkaline environments, such as concrete and fresh mortar, to form siloxane polymers. The polymers formed by decomposition deposit on the surface of the pores in masonry to provide a water repellent coating. As a result the treated material resists water penetration. Such silane compounds may be mixed with oligomers having 3 to 8 siloxane units carrying alkoxy residues to reduce the volatility. The oligomers react with water in the same manner as the silanes to form siloxane polymers. Suitable blends of alkyl alkoxy silanes and siloxane oligomer blends are available as an aqueous emulsion containing 80 percent of the active ingredients under the trade mark "Wacker" BS Creme from Wacker Chemie in Germany. The silanes and siloxanes will hydrolyse in alkaline environments such concrete, mortar and some stone. The combination ensures that water repellency will be imparted to mixed masonry regardless of its pH. A second siloxane is preferably present in the form of a modified polymethyl siloxane. Compositions containing such compounds are commercially available as a solvent free water emulsion containing 50 per cent of the siloxane under the registered trade mark "Tegosivin HE 328" from Th. Goldschmidt AG in Essen, Germany.
The thickening agent imparts thixotropy to the paste so that it remains in the cavity while the water base departs through evaporation and/or diffusion. The thickening agent can be of any type that creates thixotropy when incorporated into the silane/siloxane mixture. A preferred thickening agent is a modified bentonite such as that sold under the trade mark Optigel WX by Sud-Chemie in Munich, Germany. The components are mixed in an aqueous environment so that the silane and siloxane components, which are preferably in the form of aqueous emulsions, are formed into a thixotropic paste by the incorporation of the thickening agent. The paste so formed may contain up to 50 per cent water. In use the paste having the composition and prepared as described above is injected into cylindrical cavities drilled in the concrete and/or masonry to be treated.
Being thixotropic the paste does not flow and remains in the cavities after injection. In the course of a few days the water component of the mixture disperses through evaporation and diffusion. At the same time the silane and siloxane components diffuse into the concrete and/or masonry creating water repellancy and forming a damp repellent zone between the drilled cavities. Particularly effective compositions contain about 40 percent octyl triethoxy silane and siloxane oligomer, 25 percent modified polymethyl siloxane, one percent bentonite and the residue water. This composition is in the form of a thixotropic paste in which the silane and siloxane components are the discontinuous phase of an emulsion with an aqueous continuous phase. These thixotropic compositions may be easily injected into cavities, such as bored holes, in building fabric, such as stone, concrete and masonry. The water phase permeates into the building fabric leaving the internal pores coated with siloxanes present in the composition and those formed by hydrolysis of the silane and the associated oligomers.
Claims (19)
- CLAIMS 1. A method of treating the fabric of a building to prevent the ingress of water characterised in that a number of cavities are drilled into the relevant area of the building and thereafter the cavities are filled with a thixotropic paste comprising at least one silane compound, at least one siloxane compound and a thickening agent, a11 in a water base.
- 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the silane compound is an alkyl alkoxy silane.
- 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterised in that the silane compound is iso-octyl triexthoxy silane.
- 4. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the silane compound or compounds are be mixed with oligomers having 3 to 8 siloxane units and carrying alkoxy residues.
- 5. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterised in that a second siloxane is present in the form of a modified polymethyl siloxane.
- 6. The method as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the second siloxane is a solvent free water emulsion containing 50 per cent by weight of the polymethyl siloxane.
- 7. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thickening agent is a modified bentonite.
- 8. A thixotropic paste for use in the method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the paste comprises at least one silane compound, at least one siloxane compound and a thickening agent, a11 in a water base.
- 9. The paste as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the silane compound is an alkyl alkoxy silane.
- 10. The paste as claimed in claim 9, characterised in that the silane compound is iso-octyl triexthoxy silane.
- 11. The paste as claimed in any of the preceding claims 8 to 10, characterised in that the silane compound or compounds are be mixed with oligomers having 3 to 8 siloxane units and carrying alkoxy residues.
- 12 The paste as claimed in any of the preceding claims 8 to 11, characterised in that a second siloxane is present in the form of a modified polymethyl siloxane.
- 13. The paste as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that the second siloxane is a solvent free water emulsion containing 50 per cent by weight of the polymethyl siloxane.
- 14. The paste as claimed in any of the preceding claims 8 to 13, characterised in that the thickening agent is a modified bentonite.
- 15. A method of making a paste as claimed in any of the claims 8 to 14, characterised in that the components are mixed in an aqueous environment so that the_ s-@.:Iii arms siloxane components are formed into a thixotropic pas,t-e by the incorporation of the thickening agent.
- 16. The method as claimed claims 15, characterised in that the components are in the form of aqueous emulsions.
- 17. Methods of treating the fabric of a building to prevent the ingress of water as claimed in claim 1 and as herein described.
- 18. Thixotropic pastes as claimed in claims 8 and as herein described.
- 19. Methods of making a paste as claimed in claim 18 as herein described.
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT00204402T ATE382589T2 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING CONCRETE AND MASONRY |
| ES00204402.2T ES2298116T5 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | Composition and procedure for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
| DE60037634.6T DE60037634T3 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | Process for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
| EP00204402.2A EP1106590B2 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | Method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
| DK00204402.2T DK1106590T4 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | Process for treating concrete and masonry |
| PT00204402T PT1106590E (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-12-11 | Composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
| CY20081100295T CY1107907T1 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2008-03-17 | COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR CONCRETE AND WALL PROCESSING |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9929085.0A GB9929085D0 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0013819D0 GB0013819D0 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
| GB2359548A true GB2359548A (en) | 2001-08-29 |
| GB2359548B GB2359548B (en) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=10865979
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9929085.0A Ceased GB9929085D0 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
| GB0013819A Expired - Lifetime GB2359548B (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2000-06-07 | Composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9929085.0A Ceased GB9929085D0 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 1999-12-09 | Composition and method for the treatment of concrete and masonry |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CY (1) | CY1107907T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60037634T3 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB9929085D0 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT1106590E (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200007816B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2511201A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-08-27 | Safeguard Europ Ltd | Damp proof course article |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0606671A1 (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-07-20 | Pcr Group Inc. | Organosilicon emulsions for rendering porous substrates water repellent |
| US5847037A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 1998-12-08 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Mixtures, process for the production thereof and use thereof for coatings |
| US5965664A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-10-12 | Lindley Laboratories, Inc. | High concentration silane emulsions for rendering absorbent substrates water repellent |
| US6087438A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2000-07-11 | Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coating mixtures, method of producing them and their use for coating purposes |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19904496A1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-10 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Aqueous creams of organosilicon compounds |
-
1999
- 1999-12-09 GB GBGB9929085.0A patent/GB9929085D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-06-07 GB GB0013819A patent/GB2359548B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-11 ZA ZA200007816A patent/ZA200007816B/en unknown
- 2000-12-11 DE DE60037634.6T patent/DE60037634T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-11 PT PT00204402T patent/PT1106590E/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-03-17 CY CY20081100295T patent/CY1107907T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0606671A1 (en) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-07-20 | Pcr Group Inc. | Organosilicon emulsions for rendering porous substrates water repellent |
| US5847037A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 1998-12-08 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Mixtures, process for the production thereof and use thereof for coatings |
| US6087438A (en) * | 1995-08-08 | 2000-07-11 | Ge Bayer Silicones Gmbh & Co. Kg | Coating mixtures, method of producing them and their use for coating purposes |
| US5965664A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 1999-10-12 | Lindley Laboratories, Inc. | High concentration silane emulsions for rendering absorbent substrates water repellent |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2511201A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-08-27 | Safeguard Europ Ltd | Damp proof course article |
| GB2511201B (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2015-09-09 | Safeguard Europ Ltd | Damp proof course article |
| US10145100B2 (en) | 2013-01-07 | 2018-12-04 | Safeguard Europe Limited | Damp proof course article |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT1106590E (en) | 2008-02-22 |
| GB9929085D0 (en) | 2000-02-02 |
| DE60037634T2 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| DE60037634D1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| GB0013819D0 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
| CY1107907T1 (en) | 2013-09-04 |
| GB2359548B (en) | 2003-09-17 |
| DE60037634T3 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
| ZA200007816B (en) | 2001-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20171019 AND 20171025 |
|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20180517 AND 20180523 |
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| PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Expiry date: 20200606 |