GB2358136A - A medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies using a pH regulator - Google Patents
A medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies using a pH regulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2358136A GB2358136A GB0000859A GB0000859A GB2358136A GB 2358136 A GB2358136 A GB 2358136A GB 0000859 A GB0000859 A GB 0000859A GB 0000859 A GB0000859 A GB 0000859A GB 2358136 A GB2358136 A GB 2358136A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- regulator
- treatment
- medicament
- stereotypies
- equine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
- A61K33/10—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
- A61K33/08—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
A pH regulator is used in a method of manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies such as windsucking, cribbing and woodchewing. The pH regulator may be an antacid such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate.
Description
1 -1- 2358136 ORAL STEREOTYPIES The present invention concerns medicaments
for the treatment of oral stereotypies in equines, methods of manufacture of same and methods of treatment of equine oral stereotypies.
Stereotypies are repetitive behaviour patterns which have no obvious goal or function, and are displayed by captive animals, mentally ill or handicapped humans and subjects administered certain drugs (Mason, G.J., 199 1, Anim. Behav., 4-1: 1015 1037).
In horses, stereotypies include windsucking (the repetitive gulping of air), cribbing (the repetitive grasping and pulling with the teeth of objects), weaving, boxwalking and woodchewing (see e.g. Nfills, D.S. and Nankervis, K.J., 1999, "Equine Behaviour: Principles and Practise", Blackwell Science, pp. 210 - 225). Certain of these, namely windsucking, cribbing and woodchewing, can be regarded as being "oral stereotypies" i. e. stereotypies done or performed with the mouth.
A large epidemiological study (McGreevy, P.D. et al., Vet. Rec., 137: 3637) has reported that over 7% of British National Hunt horses and more than 8 % of British event and dressage horses engaged in either cribbing or windsucking. The figure in leisure horses is not absolutely known, but would appear to be about 5%. Such stereotypies are unsightly and oral stereotypies can cause teeth wear and may increase the risk of potentially fatal disorders such as colic. They are also an. unsoundness which reduces the value of the horse on sale and which must be declared when the horse is put up for sale.
With an estimated population of 600,000 horses in the UK alone, there is naturally a significant desire to treat stereotypies, including oral stereotypies. Current treatments -for oral stereotypies can be quite barbaric and include the use of electric currents on surfaces grabbed by a horse in order to shock them into stopping, surgery to remove the muscles involved in the behaviour and/or the nerves controlling them, and various types of strap which either hurt a horse or cut off its air supply when it tries to engage in the behaviour. These treatments are also found to be generally ineffective.
The present inventors have now developed an effective treatment for oral stereotypies in equines and compositions for same. This treatment has not previously been suggested, is therapeutically effective (as compared to the prior art) and does not involve causing any suffering to equines being treated.
According to the present invention there is provided the use of a pH regulator in a method of manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies.
Experiments (below) demonstrate a highly significant reduction in exhibited oral stereotypies (for example crib-biting, also referred to as cribbing) post-feeding by horses who were fed the medicaments of the present invention.
The pH regulator may be an antacid. Antacids have previously been used in medicaments for equines and ruminants, but never in medicaments for treating oral stereotypies. US 5744178 discloses a ruminant feed additive containing phosphoric acidamino acid-polyvalent metal composite salt and gastric antacids, the additive being stable in the rumen of a ruminant and which can release basic amino acids in the abornasurn and lower digestive organs. The gastric antacids affect the pH in the rumen, increasing it to ensure that the composite salt remains insoluble. Upon entry of the composite salt into the abomasum the pH drops sufficiently to allow solubilisation of the composite salt. US 53 91372 concerns methods for treating the symptoms of colic and founder in horses, and discloses that antacids have previously been used in the preparation of medicaments for treating colic.
The antacid may be a gastric antacid.
Also provided according to the present invention is a method of manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies, characterised in the use of a pH regulator.
A wide range of antacid compounds are well known in the ar and include sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate. Antacid preparations are extensively known, and typically comprise an antacid compound or compounds together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences and US Pharmacopeia, 1984, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, USA), and such preparations may be readily used in the present invention.
The pH regulator may comprise at least 50% of the therapeutically active ingredients (by weight) of medicaments according to the present invention. It may for example comprise at least 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95% of the therapeutically active ingredients of a medicament, and may even be the sole active ingredient.
By "therapeutically active ingredients" is meant ingredients of medicament of the present invention which cause a therapeutic effect. Thus pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluents and excipients, are not considered to be therapeutically active ingredients.
The pH regulator may form at least 50% by weight of any medicaments according to the present invention, for example at least 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95%.
Also provided according to the present invention is a method of treatment of equine oral stereotypies, comprising administering to the equine a medicament according to the present invention.
The present invention is also. considered to extend to the treatment of Oral Stereotypies in pigs and other simple stomached animals kept in captivity.
The medicaments of the present invention may be best administered immediately pre-feeding or at other times, depending upon the exact form the medicament takes - it is well known in the art to provide antacids in a "slow release" or "delayed release" formulation.
The exact doses of pH regulator to be administered may be readily determined using simple dose-response assays. The medicament may form part of the feed provided to the equine.
The efficacy of any medicament may also be affected by other conditions or factors. In particular, it has been found previously that stereotypies can persist even when their cause has been removed (Mason, G1, 199 1, supra). Therefore the medicaments of the present invention may be most effective when administered to an animal which has not established patterns of stereotypical behaviour. However, this does not preclude its efficacy in treating animals with established oral stereotypies - the experiments detailed below show the effective treatment of oral stereotypies in a horse which had displayed them for over 5 years.
The invention will be fin-ther apparent from the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawing, which shows, by way of example only, one form of treatment of oral stereotypies.
The Figure shows the number of crib-bites/windsucking occurrences during the ten minute period immediately post-feeding. X-axis shows (x--0) days without treatment and (x--1) days with treatment. Y-axis shows total number of crib bites/windsucking events.
A trial with was performed over the course of 24 days with a horse which displayed windsucking behaviour. On days 6,8,10 and 12-18 medicaments were administered to the horse. On other days no medicaments were administered. The medicaments comprised six Rennie (RIM antacid tablets administered immediately prefeeding. After feeding, the behaviour of the horse was observed for ten minutes. During the ten minute period, the number of crib bites and windsucks was counted, a general assessment ofthe level of cribbing/windsucking during the day as a whole made, and any other observations as to the horse's behaviour noted.
The results as analysed using a Kruskal-Wallis test showed that treatment did indeed cause a reduction in the occurrence or cribbingwind sucking (P=0.0 18). The full results are given in Table 1. Column A is the day of the treatment; Column B whether treatment was with antacid (1) or no treatment (0); Column C is the total bites; and Column D is the general score.
Table 1
A B C Number Of Bites In Each Of Minutes D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 23 0 65 0 13 10 12 6 8 6 5 3 2 6.0 22 0 73 6 11 11 8 10 5 12 7 1 2 6.5 19 0 22 3 0 1 3 4 4 1 1 3 2 1.5 0 68 5 8 3 11 4 12 8 9 3 5 6.0 21 0 73 9 13 10 7 15 7 5 3 0 4 7.0 24 0 92 12 11 12 10 12 9 5 10 8 3 8.5 11 0 19 0 1 7 2 0 0 0 0 7 2 1.0 2 0 27 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 6 11 7 3.0 0 67 6 2 11 10 6 11 6 5 7 3 7.5 4 0 28 2 3 4 2 0 1 10 2 1 3 3.0 3 0 51 1 4 3 5 1 3 8 10 8 8 5.0 1 0 57 7 7 3 3 5 1 13 11 4 3 6.0 1 20 1 4 4 0 0 2 1 8 0 0 2.0 9 0 74 6 10 14 9 5 2 8 10 8 2 5.0 8 1 42 1 18 11 0 0 2 1 9 0 0 1.0 7 0 79 10 11 9 7 5 11 11 10 5 0 7.5 6 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.0 16 1. 68 4 6 8 9 5 11 3 10 2 10 7.0 12 1 26 4 10 4 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 1 33 0 4 9 4 3 1 0 5 5 2 4.0 17 1 23 0 1 1 1 0 3 8 1 4 4 3.0 1 18 1 12 0 3 0 2 0 1 4 0 2
Claims (7)
- The use of pH regulator in a method of manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies.
- 2. A method of manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies, characterised in the use of a pH regulator.
- 3. The use or method of either one of the preceding claims, the pH regulator being an antacid.
- 4. The use or method according to claim 3, the antacid comprising at least one of the group consisting sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, and magnesium carbonate.
- 5. The use or method according to either one of claims 3 or 4, the antacid being a gastric antacid.
- 6. The use or method according to any one of the preceding claims, the pH regulator comprising at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95% of the therapeutically active ingredients of the medicament.
- 7. The use or method according to any one of claims 1-5, the pH regulator comprising at least 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or 95% by weight of the medicament.A method of treatment of an equine oral stereotypy, comprising administering to the equine a medicament according to any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0000859A GB2358136A (en) | 2000-01-15 | 2000-01-15 | A medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies using a pH regulator |
AU28620/01A AU2862001A (en) | 2000-01-15 | 2001-01-12 | Oral stereotypies |
PCT/GB2001/000099 WO2001051064A1 (en) | 2000-01-15 | 2001-01-12 | Ph-regulators against oral stereotypies in equines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0000859A GB2358136A (en) | 2000-01-15 | 2000-01-15 | A medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies using a pH regulator |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0000859D0 GB0000859D0 (en) | 2000-03-08 |
GB2358136A true GB2358136A (en) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=9883704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0000859A Withdrawn GB2358136A (en) | 2000-01-15 | 2000-01-15 | A medicament for the treatment of equine oral stereotypies using a pH regulator |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2862001A (en) |
GB (1) | GB2358136A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001051064A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003024449A1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-27 | Abbott Laboratories | Pharmaceutical formulations for protecting pharmaceutical compound from acidic environments |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1999045906A1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 1999-09-16 | Trustees Of Tufts College | Treatment of compulsive behaviours in man and animals |
US5985891A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1999-11-16 | Rowe; James Baber | Prevention of adverse behavior, diarrhea, skin disorders and infections of the hind gut associated with acidic conditions in humans and animals by the application of antibiotics |
GB2342292A (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-04-12 | Mars Uk Ltd | Composition for the treatment of animal stereotypy comprises fat, fibre and optionally, a stomach antacid |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1986006632A1 (en) * | 1985-05-10 | 1986-11-20 | Pharmacontrol Corp. | Long-acting antacid compositions |
US5708017A (en) * | 1995-04-04 | 1998-01-13 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Stable, ready-to-use pharmaceutical paste composition containing proton pump inhibitors |
-
2000
- 2000-01-15 GB GB0000859A patent/GB2358136A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-01-12 WO PCT/GB2001/000099 patent/WO2001051064A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-01-12 AU AU28620/01A patent/AU2862001A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5985891A (en) * | 1994-12-29 | 1999-11-16 | Rowe; James Baber | Prevention of adverse behavior, diarrhea, skin disorders and infections of the hind gut associated with acidic conditions in humans and animals by the application of antibiotics |
WO1999045906A1 (en) * | 1998-03-09 | 1999-09-16 | Trustees Of Tufts College | Treatment of compulsive behaviours in man and animals |
GB2342292A (en) * | 1998-10-06 | 2000-04-12 | Mars Uk Ltd | Composition for the treatment of animal stereotypy comprises fat, fibre and optionally, a stomach antacid |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003024449A1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-03-27 | Abbott Laboratories | Pharmaceutical formulations for protecting pharmaceutical compound from acidic environments |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0000859D0 (en) | 2000-03-08 |
WO2001051064A8 (en) | 2001-10-25 |
AU2862001A (en) | 2001-07-24 |
WO2001051064A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |