GB2357517A - Friction material - Google Patents
Friction material Download PDFInfo
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- GB2357517A GB2357517A GB9930649A GB9930649A GB2357517A GB 2357517 A GB2357517 A GB 2357517A GB 9930649 A GB9930649 A GB 9930649A GB 9930649 A GB9930649 A GB 9930649A GB 2357517 A GB2357517 A GB 2357517A
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- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- continuous phase
- friction
- material according
- andlor
- Prior art date
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 reinforcing fibres Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910018516 Al—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGGQKDBXXFIWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca].O[Si](O)=O UGGQKDBXXFIWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P pentacalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydron;tetrahydrate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].O.O.O.O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O MKTRXTLKNXLULX-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003192 poly(bis maleimide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] RLQWHDODQVOVKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
- F16D69/028—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides containing fibres
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
A friction material comprises a continuous phase which is a reaction product obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide, the metal being from Group 1 of the periodic table, and/or an alkali silicate, and reactive finely-divided material comprising silica, silicates, and/or aluminates.
Description
2357517 1 FRICTION MATERIAL This invention is concerned with friction
material of the type used in brakes of vehicles or machinery, eg the brake may be of the disc or drum type.
The requirements for the friction material of a disc or drum brake are many. For example, the material must have a high and substantially consistent coefficient of friction, must wear slowly in service, must not cause excessive wear of the disc or drum which it engages, and must not be prone to causing brake squeal. Of course, the composition of such friction material varies in different applications but many current friction materials comprise a number of particulate materials in a continuous phase of phenolic resin. The phenolic resin has an important role in achieving the above-mentioned requirements and also serves to retain the particulate materials in position. However, such friction materials begin to degrade at temperatures above about 2500C so that for applications above that temperature other more expensive materials, such as carbon reinforced with carbon fibre, are used. In addition to their expense, present materials used for high temperature applications often have poor performance at low temperatures, eg at low vehicle speeds. The use of phenolics also raises environmental issues.
Other materials have been used, in place of phenolics, as the continuous phase in friction materials. These include high temperature organic polymers (eg bismaleimides) and metal sulphides (made by in-situ reaction of metal powders and elemental sulphur.) None proved to be entirely satisfactory, however, and gave only marginal increases in temperature resistance or were too costly for routine use. Portland cement has also been employed, with limited success, the drawbacks being long cure times and abrasiveness.
2 Other approaches involve radically different materials, such as ceramics.
The inflexibility of ceramics does not, however, lend itself to friction applications and this, combined with high cost, has restricted use to some areas of racing.
Carbon fibre reinforced carbon (CRC) can provide some of the required flexibility but it involves expensive raw materials and very long processing times (several weeks) making it too costly for use on road vehicles. It also suffers from poor friction at low temperatures. Uses are largely confined to aircraft, where light weight justifies the cost.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction material which has good performance at both low and high temperatures and is relatively inexpensive.
The invention provides a friction material comprising a continuous phase which is a reaction product obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide, the metal being from Group 1 of the periodic table, andlor an alkali silicate, and reactive finely-divided material comprising one or more of silica, silicates, andlor aluminates.
Friction materials according to the invention are surprisingly found to perform well in disc and drum brakes and to be temperature-resistant to much higher temperatures than friction materials having a phenolic resin as continuous phase.
The continuous phase of a friction material according to the invention may have a wide range of ingredients in different proportions. The chemistry involved is poorly understood, and is complicated by the fact that, for a given overall stoichiometry, more than one structure may be possible (defined in terms of crystallography, Si-Al-O bonding, etc). The structure is considered to be significant in determining strength, hardness and other properties relevant to friction material performance. For a given composition, molecular structure will 3 depend on thermal history, curing pressures and several other poorly understood parameters. Materials of this type, which are hereinafter referred to as "claysilicates" have been known for many years, being used as refractory cements but we are not aware of them ever being used in friction materials. Raw or untreated clays are well-established friction material ingredients, however, and alkali silicates have been used to coat/seal the surfaces of conventional brake pads.
Such products are thought to have always employed phenolic resins as their continuous phase; the current invention uses the clay-silicates to provide all or most of the continuous phase.
In a friction material according to the invention, the other ingredients may remain largely the same as those used in conventional brake pads (metals, mineral fillers, cokes, reinforcing fibres, lubricants, etc) at similar levels to those currently employed. Alternatively, the use of clay-silicate as the continuous phase offers the opportunity to radically re-formulate the friction material. In order to ensure maximum reactivity of the components forming the continuous phase, fine particle sizes will normally be used (<5pm (number average), preferably <l gm, more preferably <0.5gm). There are, however, advantages in incorporating larger particles, for example fillers1o reduce shrinkage cracks, and they may or may not react at their surfaces with the clay-silicate ingredients. The friction ingredients will also normally have relatively large particle sizes, to achieve the desired friction properties. Where there is a significant amount of reaction with the filter, more of the alkaline constituents (alkali silicates and hydroxides) should be added.
Apart from wanted or unwanted reactions between the material forming the continuous phase and the friction ingredients, the continuous phase material's formulation and the overall friction material formulation may be dealt with separately. The amount (and formulation) of the material forming the continuous phase will depend on the friction ingredients. Some have a higher continuous phase material demand than others because they are porous and absorb the material into the particles. It is also possible that only the liquid phase 4 of the clay-silicate will be absorbed - necessitating a change in the formulation itself Finer particle size friction ingredients will similarly require more continuous phase material. Material level selection will also be set by the compromise between strength and the porosity often needed by a friction material.
A typical continuous phase material level would be 10 - 40 voi%, for example 15 - 30 vol%.
Friction ingredients can be selected from cokes, graphites, mineral fillers (such as barytes) metals (steel, copper, etc; aluminium or other metals that react excessively with alkalis should be avoided) reinforcing fibres (steel, carbon, aramid, glass etc). It has been discovered that addition of alkali-resistant fine mineral fibres is beneficial for ensuring good strength and friction properties.
Wollastonite, tobermorite, xonotlite and sepiolite can be effective. Other ingredients include fine abrasives (silica, alumina, etc) and lubricants (especially solid lubricants, such as sulphides and certain fluorides).
In manufacturing a friction material according to the invention, the claysilicate may be formed by reacting two components, the first component comprising an alkali (Group 1) metal hydroxide andlor an alkali silicate, and the second component comprising reactive, finely-divided silica, silicates or aluminates. As said first component, sodium or potassium compounds are preferred, these normally being in the form of an aqueous solution. Other ingredients can include fluorides (eg CaF2) or other halides and phosphates (eg calcium phosphate) to promote rapid setting. Reactive oxides, such as zinc oxide, also encourage early strength development The overall composition of the continuous phase is conveniently expressed in terms of oxides, preferred oxides being WNa20, Si02, A1203 and H20. A diverse range of formulations can give useful products. Optimum molar ratios (moles defined as written above) are about:- K20 1 Si02-0.2-0.5 W2/A12034-8 K20/A1203-1-2 The ingredients used to achieve these formulations can vary. Possible are fine silica (sourceOf Si02)metakaolin (sourceOf Si02 and A1203) aqueous potassium silicate solution (sourceOf Si02, K20 and H20) potassium hydroxide (source of K20 and H20) and water. Other materials, such as alumina sols, may also be used.
It is often possible to achieve a given molar oxide ratio in more than one way from the ingredients above. For example, a mixture of KOH, Si02and water could be used in place of all or some of the potassium silicate solution.
As said second component, preferred materials include silica and metakaolin (the product of subjecting kaolin to limited heating, to drive off most of the chemically-combined water and leave a largely amorphous structure).
Particle sizes should be as low as possible. Preferably, the number average particle size should be less than 1 micron and, more preferably less than 0.5 microns.
Mixing is relatively simple. The water-soluble components are first mixed, to give a liquid, and the fine powders are blended together. The two parts are then mixed under moderate shear conditions. This gives a creamy material that constitutes the continuous phase. Continuous phase material is then mixed with the larger particle-size friction ingredients, again under moderate shear conditions, to give a "dough", the consistency of which can vary substantially.
The friction mix is then pressed into brake pads, linings, clutch facings, etc in one of two ways. It may be pressed at elevated temperature (eg 100OC) until the continuous phase material has hardened enough to make the moulding strong enough to handle. (This would normally be followed by a post-bake, at 6 about 200-300"C, to complete the reaction and maximise strength.) Alternatively, the material may be pressed at ambient temperatures (normally at higher pressures than before) to give a mechanically bonded shape (fragile but can be handled with care). This is then carefully heated (preferably using a gradually increasing temperature, and optionally a clamping arrangement to discourage swelling) to cure the continuous phase material.
Clay-silicates have several important advantages over phenolics and the newer friction materials based on ceramics or CRC:- They use very low cost ingredients; Pressing and curing conditions are close to those of phenolic resins, keeping costs down; Their temperature resistance is much greater than phenolics, especially for long exposure in air (>5000C compared with <400OC); The very fine particles involved do not score the brake rotors; It is possible to maintain the flexibilitylcompressibility, that is important in a friction material; All the ingredients are environmentally acceptable; and The high alkalinity of the materials offers some corrosion protection to iron and steel components in the friction mix and, when the materials are being used as an adhesive to attach the friction material to the backing plate, it can reduce corrosion at the bond-line.
In some cases, the continuous phase may comprise a minor proportion (less than 25%) of an organic polymer, such as phenolic resin, or of an inorganic polymer, such as a silicone.
Example 1
A clay-silicate continuous phase material was prepared by mixing:
19.6wt% metakaolin 36.4 fine silica 27.3 potassium silicate solution (Crossfield grade K66)
16.7 KOH to give the following oxide mole W Si02 36.7 mole% A1203 5.3 K20 8.0 H20 50.0 and mole ratios of.
K20/Si02 0.22 W2/A1203 6.92 K20/A1203 1.50 This was used to make a friction material mixture comprising:
voM continuous phase vol% fine steel fibre voM petroleum coke The mixture was pressed in a tool, with a steel backing plate inserted, at 35 MPa pressure and at 1 OOOC for 10 minutes. After removal from the tool, the pad was post-baked at 2400C to complete the reaction and maximise strength.
The resulting brake pad was subjected to a range of dynamometer tests, where it gave acceptable friction and wear levels.
Example 2
8 A friction material mix was prepared, based on an established brake formulation, but with the phenolic resin replaced by the clay-silicate continuous phase forming material above.
Organic fibre 2 voi% Steel fibre 12 Non-ferrous metal powder 8 Petroleum cokes 23 High temperature solid lubricants 9 Fibre inorganic abrasives 7 Graphites 12 Clay-silicate 27 Geopholymite 510 obtained from the French Company - Geopolymere.
This was made into brake pads, under the same conditions as above. They, also, gave good friction and wear behaviour.
9
Claims (8)
1 A friction material comprising a continuous phase which is a reaction product obtained by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide, the metal being from Group 1 of the periodic table, andlor an alkali silicate, and reactive finely-divided material comprising one or more of silica, silicates, andlor aluminates.
2 A friction material according to claim 1, wherein the continuous phase comprises particulate material having a number average particle size which is less than 5 microns.
3 A friction material according to either one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said second component comprises metakaolin.
4 A friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said first component is a sodium or a potassium compound.
5 A friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material also comprises a setting enhancer andlor a strengthener.
6 A friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the continuous phase is 10 to 40% by volume of the friction material.
7 A friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the continuous phase comprises the following oxides in the molar ratio ranges stated: K20 1 Si02 0.2 - 0.5, Si02 1 A1203 - 4 - 8, and K20 1 A1203 1 - 2.
8 A friction material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Example 1 or Example 2..
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9930649A GB2357517A (en) | 1999-12-24 | 1999-12-24 | Friction material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9930649A GB2357517A (en) | 1999-12-24 | 1999-12-24 | Friction material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9930649D0 GB9930649D0 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
| GB2357517A true GB2357517A (en) | 2001-06-27 |
Family
ID=10867049
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9930649A Withdrawn GB2357517A (en) | 1999-12-24 | 1999-12-24 | Friction material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2357517A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109400030A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 兰州新生科技有限责任公司 | High temperature resistant geo-polymer based composites and preparation method thereof for brake block |
| IT201800008182A1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-24 | Itt Italia Srl | METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FRICTION MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAKE PADS, AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD |
| IT202000001012A1 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-20 | Itt Italia Srl | METHOD FOR PREPARING A CLUTCH MATERIAL IN PARTICULAR TO PREPARE BRAKE PADS AND RELATED BRAKE PADS |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5433774A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1995-07-18 | Miba Frictec Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Friction lining and process for the production thereof |
-
1999
- 1999-12-24 GB GB9930649A patent/GB2357517A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5433774A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1995-07-18 | Miba Frictec Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Friction lining and process for the production thereof |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT201800008182A1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-24 | Itt Italia Srl | METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF FRICTION MATERIAL, ESPECIALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRAKE PADS, AND ASSOCIATED BRAKE PAD |
| WO2020039396A1 (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2020-02-27 | Itt Italia S.R.L. | Method for the preparation of friction material, specifically for the manufacture of brake pads and associated brake pads |
| CN112752912A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-05-04 | 意大利Itt有限责任公司 | Method for preparing a friction material, in particular for manufacturing a brake pad, and associated brake pad |
| JP2021535273A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2021-12-16 | アイティーティー・イタリア・エス．アール．エル | Preparation of friction materials, especially methods of manufacturing brake pads and related brake pads |
| CN112752912B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2023-03-14 | 意大利Itt有限责任公司 | Method for preparing a friction material, in particular for manufacturing a brake pad, and associated brake pad |
| CN109400030A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-01 | 兰州新生科技有限责任公司 | High temperature resistant geo-polymer based composites and preparation method thereof for brake block |
| IT202000001012A1 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-20 | Itt Italia Srl | METHOD FOR PREPARING A CLUTCH MATERIAL IN PARTICULAR TO PREPARE BRAKE PADS AND RELATED BRAKE PADS |
| WO2021148959A1 (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-07-29 | Itt Italia S.R.L. | Method for making a friction material, in particular for making brake pads and relative brake pads |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9930649D0 (en) | 2000-02-16 |
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