GB2356252A - Determining the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person - Google Patents
Determining the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2356252A GB2356252A GB9926872A GB9926872A GB2356252A GB 2356252 A GB2356252 A GB 2356252A GB 9926872 A GB9926872 A GB 9926872A GB 9926872 A GB9926872 A GB 9926872A GB 2356252 A GB2356252 A GB 2356252A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- red light
- person
- infra
- measuring
- digital volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003811 finger Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005240 left ventricle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
- A61B5/02108—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels from analysis of pulse wave characteristics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
- A61B5/02416—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
- A61B5/02422—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation within occluders
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus for determining the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person comprises a transmitter (<B>4 in fig. 1</B>) for transmitting red or infrared light through a part of the person's body, such as a finger or ear lobe, and a sensor (<B>8 in fig.</B> 1) for measuring the amount of light passing through the part of the person's body, the measurement providing a digital volume pulse waveform (<B>fig. 2</B>). A mathematical transfer function transforms the digital volume pulse waveform into a pressure pulse waveform.
Description
2356252 APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE SHAPE OF AN ARTERIAL PRESSURE PULSE IN
A PERSON This invention relates to apparatus f or measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person.
The shape of the arterial pressure pulse in a person can be used to derive a number of indices which quantify characteristics of the circulation and the pressure load to which the left ventricle of the heart is subject during its contraction to drive blood forward through the circulation. An invasive technique is known for the measurement of the shape of the arterial pressure pulse. This invasive technique involves insertion of a catheter into an artery of the person. The invasive technique can only be applied in specialist units and it carries a risk of complications relating to arterial trauma and arterial infection. A noninvasive technique for measuring the shape of the arterial pressure pulse is also known. This non-invasive technique involves the application of a high fidelity pressure tonometer to an artery of the person. The tonometer is expensive and its correct use requires. considerable experience.
It is an aim of the present invention to obviate or reduce the above mentioned problems.
Accordingly, in one non-limiting embodiment ofthe present invention there is provided apparatus for meas. uring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person, which 2 apparatus comprises transmitter means for transmitting infra-red light or red light through a finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe of the person, measuring means for measuring the infra-red light or red light passing through the finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe and providing a digital volume pulse waveform consequent upon the measured infrared light or red light, and transform means for transforming the digital volume pulse waveform into a pressure waveform by the application of a mathematical transfer function.
The apparatus of the present invention is a simple non-invasive apparatus which enables the determining of required information relating to the shape of the arterial pressure pulse. The infra-red light or the red light is able to pass easily through the person's finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe. The fleshy part of the finger, thumb or toe will normally be used. The red light is preferably obtained from a light emitting diode, but it may be obtained from any other suitable. and appropriate light source.
Preferably, the apparatus is one in which the transform means applies the mathematical transfer function by recording the digital volume pulse waveform and the pressure waveform in a plurality of representative persons, obtaining individual transfer functions for the individual persons from a ratio of Fourier transforms of the digital volume pulse waveforms and the pressure waveforms, and 3 obtaining a generalised transfer function by averaging the individual transfer functions. The generalised transfer function then allows future digital volume pulse waveforms to be transformed into pressure waveforms to a close approximation without direct measurement of the pressure waveform.
Preferably, the transmitter means is an infra-red light emitting diode. Other.types of transmitter means may be employed.
Preferably, the measuring means is an infra-red light detector. Other types of measuring means may be employed.
The apparatus of the invention may include a housing for receiving the finger; thumb, toe or ear lobe of the person.
The housing may have an open end and a closed end. The finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe can then be inserted into the housing f rom an open end. The housing may be a tubular housing or a housing of other cross sectional shape as may be desired.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure I shows apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person; Figure 2 shows the shape of an arterial pressure pulse obtained using the apparatus shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a generalised transfer function; and 4 Figure 4 shows a measured pressure signal and a "predicted pressure signal".
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown apparatus 2 for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person. The apparatus 2 comprises transmitter means 4 for transmitting infra-red light through finger pulp in a f inger 6 of the person. The apparatus 2 also comprises measuring means 8 for measuring the infra-red light passing through the finger pulp and providing a digital volume pulse waveform consequent upon the measured infra-red light.
The apparatus 2 also comprises transform means (not shown) for transforming the digital volume pulse waveform into a pressure pulse waveform by the application of a mathematical transfer function. The transform means applies the mathematical transfer function by recording the digital volume pulse waveform and the pressure waveform in a plurality of representative persons, obtaining individual transfer functions for the individual persons from a ratio of Fourier transforms of the digital volume pulse wave-forms and the pressure waveforms, and obtaining a generalised transfer function averaging the individual transfer functions.
The transmitter means 4 is an infra-red light emitting diode. The measuring means 8 is an infra-red light detector.
The f inger 6 is placed in a housing 10. The housing 10 has an open end 12 and a closed.end 14. The-housing 10 is a tubular housing and, as can be seen from Figure 1,. the finger 6 is inserted into the housing 10 from the open end 12.
Figure 2 shows the measured shape of an arterial pulse in the person having the finger 6. The illustrated waveform shown in Figure 2 is obtained by plotting digital volume as arbitrary units against time as shown. As can be seen, the shape of the. arterial pressure pulse repeats after each second.
Figure 3 shows a generalised transfer function obtained from the apparatus 2 shown in Figure 1. Amplitude and phase referred to in Figure 3 refer to the ratio of the amplitude and phase of the various harmonics of the digital volume pressure signals and the pressure signals.
Figure 4 shows an example of a measured pressure signal and a "predicted pressure signal" obtained by applying the generalised transfer function to the digital volume pulse signal.
It is to be appreciated that the embodiment of the invention described above with reference to the accompanying drawings has been given by way of example only and that modifications may be effected. Thus transmitter means other than the infra-red light emitting diode may be employed, and measuring means other than the infra-red light detector may be employed. The housing 6 may be of a 6 different shape than that shown. The person's thumb, toe or ear lobe may be used instead of the f inger 6. Instead of infra-red light, the light may be red light, for example from a light emitting diode.
7
Claims (8)
1. Apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person, which apparatus comprises transmitter means for transmitting infra-red light or red light through a finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe of the person, measuring means for measuring the infra-red light or red light passing through the finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe and providing a digital volume pulse waveform consequent upon the measured infra-red light or red light, and transform means for transforming the digital volume pulse waveform into a pressure waveform by the application of a mathematical transfer function.
2. Apparatus according to claim I in which the transform means applies the mathematical transfer function by recording the digital volume pressure waveform. and the pressure waveform in a plurality of- representative persons, obtaining individual transfer functions for the individual persons from a ratio of Fourier transforms of the digital volume pulse waveforms and the pressure waveforms, and obtaining a generalised transfer function by averaging the individual transfer functions.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the transmitter means is an infra-red light emitting diode.
4. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims in which the measuring means is an infra-red light detector.
5. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims and including a housing for receiving the finger, thumb, toe or ear lobe of the person.
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 in which the housing has an open end and a closed end.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6 in which the housing is a tubular housing.
8. Apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9926872A GB2356252B (en) | 1999-11-12 | 1999-11-12 | Apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9926872A GB2356252B (en) | 1999-11-12 | 1999-11-12 | Apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9926872D0 GB9926872D0 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
| GB2356252A true GB2356252A (en) | 2001-05-16 |
| GB2356252B GB2356252B (en) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=10864463
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9926872A Expired - Fee Related GB2356252B (en) | 1999-11-12 | 1999-11-12 | Apparatus for measuring the shape of an arterial pressure pulse in a person |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2356252B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6616613B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2003-09-09 | Vitalsines International, Inc. | Physiological signal monitoring system |
| GB2404439A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-02 | Micro Medical Ltd | Method of measuring a person's aortic blood pressure |
| US9649071B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2017-05-16 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for high-pass filtering a photoplethysmograph signal |
| US9687161B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2017-06-27 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for maintaining blood pressure monitor calibration |
| US9949648B2 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2018-04-24 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurement apparatus and methods providing automatic recalibration |
| US10165953B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2019-01-01 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Methods and systems for recalibrating a blood pressure monitor with memory |
| US11246495B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2022-02-15 | Vital Sines International Inc. | System and method for monitoring aortic pulse wave velocity and blood pressure |
| WO2022116160A1 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-09 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for predicting blood pressure, blood pressure prediction apparatus and computer program |
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| US8398556B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2013-03-19 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for non-invasive continuous blood pressure determination |
| US8660799B2 (en) | 2008-06-30 | 2014-02-25 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Processing and detecting baseline changes in signals |
| US8506498B2 (en) | 2008-07-15 | 2013-08-13 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods using induced perturbation to determine physiological parameters |
| US9301697B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2016-04-05 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for recalibrating a non-invasive blood pressure monitor |
| US9314168B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2016-04-19 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Detecting sleep events using localized blood pressure changes |
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| US8216136B2 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2012-07-10 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring heart rate and blood pressure correlation |
| US8290730B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2012-10-16 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for assessing measurements in physiological monitoring devices |
| US9198582B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2015-12-01 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Determining a characteristic physiological parameter |
| US8628477B2 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2014-01-14 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for non-invasive determination of blood pressure |
| US9220440B2 (en) | 2009-09-21 | 2015-12-29 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Determining a characteristic respiration rate |
| US8463347B2 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2013-06-11 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for normalizing a plethysmograph signal for improved feature analysis |
| US9451887B2 (en) | 2010-03-31 | 2016-09-27 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for measuring electromechanical delay of the heart |
| US8898037B2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2014-11-25 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for signal monitoring using Lissajous figures |
| US9259160B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2016-02-16 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for determining when to measure a physiological parameter |
| US9357934B2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2016-06-07 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for physiological event marking |
| US9060695B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2015-06-23 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for determining differential pulse transit time from the phase difference of two analog plethysmographs |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1538695A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1979-01-24 | Biotron Medical Products Ltd | Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring systolic blood pressure |
| WO1992003967A2 (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1992-03-19 | Spacelabs, Inc. | A method of measuring blood pressure with a photoplethysmograph |
| US5111817A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1992-05-12 | Medical Physics, Inc. | Noninvasive system and method for enhanced arterial oxygen saturation determination and arterial blood pressure monitoring |
| US5423322A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1995-06-13 | Medical Physics, Inc. | Total compliance method and apparatus for noninvasive arterial blood pressure measurement |
| EP0804899A1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-05 | Colin Corporation | Blood pressure monitor apparatus |
-
1999
- 1999-11-12 GB GB9926872A patent/GB2356252B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1538695A (en) * | 1977-01-17 | 1979-01-24 | Biotron Medical Products Ltd | Method and apparatus for continuously monitoring systolic blood pressure |
| US5111817A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1992-05-12 | Medical Physics, Inc. | Noninvasive system and method for enhanced arterial oxygen saturation determination and arterial blood pressure monitoring |
| US5423322A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1995-06-13 | Medical Physics, Inc. | Total compliance method and apparatus for noninvasive arterial blood pressure measurement |
| WO1992003967A2 (en) * | 1990-09-06 | 1992-03-19 | Spacelabs, Inc. | A method of measuring blood pressure with a photoplethysmograph |
| EP0804899A1 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-05 | Colin Corporation | Blood pressure monitor apparatus |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6616613B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2003-09-09 | Vitalsines International, Inc. | Physiological signal monitoring system |
| US9949648B2 (en) | 2003-07-07 | 2018-04-24 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Continuous non-invasive blood pressure measurement apparatus and methods providing automatic recalibration |
| GB2404439A (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-02 | Micro Medical Ltd | Method of measuring a person's aortic blood pressure |
| GB2404439B (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2006-03-15 | Micro Medical Ltd | A method of measuring a person's aortic blood pressure |
| US9687161B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2017-06-27 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for maintaining blood pressure monitor calibration |
| US9649071B2 (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2017-05-16 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Systems and methods for high-pass filtering a photoplethysmograph signal |
| US10165953B2 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2019-01-01 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland | Methods and systems for recalibrating a blood pressure monitor with memory |
| US11246495B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2022-02-15 | Vital Sines International Inc. | System and method for monitoring aortic pulse wave velocity and blood pressure |
| WO2022116160A1 (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-09 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Method for predicting blood pressure, blood pressure prediction apparatus and computer program |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2356252B (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| GB9926872D0 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20181112 |