GB2351925A - Improvements relating to multi-station reaction apparatus - Google Patents

Improvements relating to multi-station reaction apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2351925A
GB2351925A GB0016802A GB0016802A GB2351925A GB 2351925 A GB2351925 A GB 2351925A GB 0016802 A GB0016802 A GB 0016802A GB 0016802 A GB0016802 A GB 0016802A GB 2351925 A GB2351925 A GB 2351925A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
station
reaction
vessel
reaction vessel
stations
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0016802A
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GB0016802D0 (en
Inventor
Christopher John Orlopp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electrothermal Engineering Ltd
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Electrothermal Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electrothermal Engineering Ltd filed Critical Electrothermal Engineering Ltd
Publication of GB0016802D0 publication Critical patent/GB0016802D0/en
Publication of GB2351925A publication Critical patent/GB2351925A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01LCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L7/00Heating or cooling apparatus; Heat insulating devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00281Individual reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00283Reactor vessels with top opening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00279Features relating to reactor vessels
    • B01J2219/00306Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement
    • B01J2219/00308Reactor vessels in a multiple arrangement interchangeably mounted in racks or blocks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00479Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
    • B01J2219/00481Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels by the use of moving stirrers within the reaction vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00495Means for heating or cooling the reaction vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585Parallel processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40BCOMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/14Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries for creating libraries
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N2035/00346Heating or cooling arrangements

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-station reaction apparatus 1 comprises one or more banks of reaction stations 2-6. Each station accommodates a reaction vessel 7-11. Each vessel is equipped with a cooling coil 12, connected to a outlet tube 13, a heating element 14, a motor 18 to magnetically operate a stirrer bar within the vessel and an additional cooling coil 16 to allow the contents of vessel to be refluxed. Each vessel is thermally isolated from the others and the temperature of the vessel can be controlled automatically via a temperature sensor connected to a suitable processor. The motors operate the stirrer bar via an intermediate magnetic clutch, which allows them to be thermally isolated from the reaction vessel. Different configurations of heating element (plate, sleeve) and cooling element (coil, jacket, thermoelectric cooler are disclosed.

Description

2351925 IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO MULTI-STATION REACTION APPARATUS This
invention relates to multi-station reaction apparatus, and it relates particularly to such apparatus as may be employed to create and maintain differing thermal environments for a plurality of reaction vessels.
In such apparatus, particularly where there is a requirement for relatively compact overall dimensions, considerable difficulty is encountered in ensuring adequate thermal independence as between neighbouring stations. This is especially the case in circumstances where the prescribed thermal environments of neighbouring reaction vessels can vary significantly,and in effect randomly, from one another.
Multi-station reaction apparatus of the general kind described above requires both heating and cooling facilities at each station, as a reaction at any station might need to be carried out at any temperature within the range handled by the apparatus, typically -30 to + 150 degrees C, since it is the practice for test tubes, or other glass reaction vessels, containing reactants to be presented at any free station, of which a typical compact apparatus contains ten. In known equipment, all of the stations share a common heating device, so the required temperature variations from station to station cannot be achieved. This known arrangement is also wasteful of energy and tends to create an environment in which significant amounts of heat are absorbed by and transmitted around within the apparatus, tending to exert unwanted influence on station temperatures and thus to disturb carefully balanced thermal parameters.
This invention aims to reduce unnecessary thermal wastage and/or to reduce thermal interdependence between stations, particularly neighbouring ones.
According to the invention there is provided a multistation reaction apparatus; each station defining a location adapted to receive a reaction vessel, and thermal insulation being provided to impede thermal coupling between stations, wherein each station is provided with respective and individually energisable heating means, and cooling means are provided to achieve a desired reaction temperature within a prescribed operating range.
Respective temperature sensing means may be provided at each station, each individually capable of sensing departure, at its station, from a desired reaction temperature in said range, and providing control signals for said heating and/or cooling means as required to re- establish the desired reaction temperature at that station.
Preferably, the cooling means comprises respective coolant-fed coils, a hollow cylinder or a thermoelectric cooler module at each station, disposed so as to thermally couple with reaction vessels supported thereat. This arrangement assists in the reduction of temperature differentials within the apparatus, and also functions as a thermal sink for media within the reactor vessels.
Preferably also, each station is provided with drive means for a magnetically coupled stirring device locatable in a reaction vessel; the drive means being configured to resist thermal transfer thereto and/or to position active components thereof in a thermally protected environment. This permits stirring of the reactant materials to be achieved whilst protecting the driver from the effects of temperatures at the extremes of the range; particularly from the effects of extreme cold which can cause drive motors to seize and fail.
It is further preferred that an individually temperature controlled reflux means be provided at each station to cool the top section of a reactor vessel, thus providing condensing or refluxing of evaporated reactants. Conveniently, the reflux means comprises a hollow cylinder or a tubular coil through which flows cooled refrigerant fluid. In addition, an inert gas may be passed around the cooled cylinder or coil to further improve thermal contact with the reaction vessel.
It is also preferred that the individual heating means at each station comprise infra-red heaters below, sleeve heaters surrounding, or heater elements adjacent to, the reaction vessel locations.
The invention is primarily concerned with the multiple synthesis of compounds in an apparatus of compact dimensions which is preferably usable in conjunction with laboratory auto-samplers and robots. Typically the stations are arranged in two parallel banks of five to accommodate respective reaction vessels within which simultaneous automatic or manually programmed reactions are conducted. Preferably, as mentioned, a respective magnetic stirrer is 'provided at each station, and conveniently each stirrer is driven, via a magnetic clutch system, from an hermetically sealed driver.
Reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1 shows a schematic and partially cut-away side view of apparatus in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 shows in detail a drive system for a magnetic stirring device for use with the embodiment of Figure 1; and Figures 3 and 4 show respective cross-sectional views of part of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
Referring now to Figure 1, a multi-station reaction apparatus 1 defines ten reaction stations, of which only five, referenced 2-6, are visible in the drawing. The other five stations are disposed in a bank parallel to stations 2-6 and in precise alignment therewith, though the two banks can be staggered or otherwise offset relative to one another if desired. Each of the reaction stations such as 2-6 defines a location for a respective reaction vessel such as 7-11 in each of which an individual reaction is run at a respective, selected temperature within an overall operative temperature range which, in this example, is from -30 to +150 degrees C.
In order that the temperatures at the various reaction stations may be individually controlled, each station is provided respectively with a cooling means and a heating means. The heating and cooling means are similar for all stations, so only those associated with station 2 will be described.
Station 2 is provided with a cooling device which, in this example, comprises a cooling coil 12 having a top inlet fed, through an inlet manifold (not shown) common to the coils associated with the other reaction stations, with coolant fluid. The coolant fluid exits through a lower outlet of the cooling coil 12 and passes through a common outlet manifold (not shown) to a large bore outlet tube 13. The coolant fluid is thus delivered from a refrigerant unit of suitable capacity, through a small bore capillary tube to the inlet manifold, and thence through the coils such as 12 to the outlet manifold and via the large bore "exhaust" tube 13 back to the refrigerant unit. This arrangement ensures that the coolant fluid is fed evenly to each coil such as 12.
It will be appreciated that, instead of coils such as 12, other forms of coolant guide, such as hollow cylinders, could be used if desired.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3 which illustrates a single station 2 by way of example, each station 2-6 may be provided with a cooling means comprising respective thermoelectric cooler modules 112, also called Peltier devices. Each Peltier device 112 is arranged such that one face of the Peltier device 112 is thermally coupled to the reaction vessel at that station, and the other face is thermally coupled to a heat sink 113, which is in turn cooled by cold water flow through rails 115. The cooling action of each Peltier device 112 is individually controlled by means of an electric current applied to it which is regulated by the temperature monitoring electronic system.
Figure 3 also shows, in addition to the magnetic stirring device 17, motor 18 and magnet carrier 20: a PTFE-coated aluminium block 116 with a through drilling 117 for a reaction vessel 7-11; O-rings 118, 199 at the top and bottom of the block 116; and a metal cover 120.
A section through a corner of the block 116 is shown in Figure 4 to illustrate the heating means of this embodiment. Stations 2-6 have respective DC powered electrical heater elements 114 individually controlled through wires 121 by the temperature monitoring electronic system. Each heater element 114 is provided within the block 116 and comprises a cartridge heater which is resistive.
Returning to the embodiment of Figure 2, however, station 2 is also provided with an individual infra-red heating element 1.4; similar elements being orovided for all other stations, and all of the elements being individually energisable. Other forms of heater, such as a cylindrical sleeve-like heater or the heater element of Figure 3, can be used instead of, or as well as, the infra-red element 14.
In this example of the invention, each reaction vessel such as 7 is fitted with a sealing cap such as 15, and is surrounded near its top by a reflux cooling coil such as 16. As before, the coil can be replaced by a hollow cylinder if desired.
Beneath each reaction station such as 2 there is further provided a respective magnetic stirring driver device such as 17; this comprising a multi-stage drive designed to ensure that a prime mover device 18 is protected, as far as is possible, from the extremes of temperature to which the reaction vessel 7 may be subjected. This arrangement is shown in more detail in Figure 2, to which specific reference will now be made.
The device 17 is intended to enable stirring of the reactant media to be effected under all thermal conditions without overheating, freezing or the formation of excessive condensation, all of which can adversely affect the prime mover 18 which, in this example, is an electrically driven motor. Device 17 comprises a three-zone device with the first zone 19 (that nearest the reaction station 2) being hermetically sealed and either gas-filled or under vacuum. A mild steel keeper bar 20 can rotate within the sealed first zone 19; the bar 20 supporting, in known manner, a first (upper) pair 21 of cylindrical bar magnets of opposed polarity, disposed with their respective axes parallel to the axis of rotation of the bar 20 and equally spaced to either side of the rotational axis on a common diameter.
The upper magnet pair 21 provides magnetic coupling to a stirrer magnet (not shown), typically a PTFE or glasscoated rod magnet, located within the reaction vessel and capable, either by itself or by means of an attached vane or other device, of stirring the contents of the reaction vessel 7.
The bar 20 also supports a second (lower) magnet pair 22, similar to the pair 21 but with polarities reversed, which is magnetically coupled to a second stage magnetic system, located in a second zone 23 outside the sealed first zone 19. The second stage system comprises a second keeper bar 24 supporting an upper magnet pair 25 identical to the magnet pair 21; the bar 24 and magnet pair 25 being disposed in an outer case 26 made of thermally resistant material which acts as a thermal shunt.
Bar 24 is directly driven by the motor 18 which is located in a third zone 27. Thus, motor 18 drives bar 24 directly, whereas bar 20 is driven by magnetic coupling between magnets 25 and 22, and the stirrer magnet (not shown) in the reaction vessel 7 is driven via magnetic coupling from magnets 21, thereby providing a two-stage magnetic clutch system. The operation of drive motor 18 is electronically controlled so as to maintain the rotation of the stirrer magnet in the reaction vessel 7 at a given speed; the voltage and current necessary to achieve this being monitored to permit indications to be derived of significant events, such as crystallisation points, which materially affect the viscosity of the reactant media and thus the power needed to drive the motor 18.
Reverting to Figure 1, the apparatus as a whole is operated under electronic control; selection and/or controlling inputs and measured outputs being conveyed to an electronic control pad 28.
In order that the thermal environments of all stations such as 2-6 can be individually controlled, each station is provided with an electronic temperature sensor, such as that shown at 29, which feeds control data into the electronic control system. Each sensor such as 29 is placed within its respective reaction vessel such as 7, to enable each station to be kept at its individually selected operating temperature as appropriate to the reaction being run therein. These sensors such as 29 are typically PT100 platinum resistance sensors, though sensors based on other technologies, such as thermistors, can be used instead, or in addition, if preferred. Conveniently each sensor such as 29 is sealed into a small diameter, corrosion-resistant tube which in turn is fixed to the cap of the relevant reaction vessel, and contains a suitable connector by means of which it can be coupled into the temperature monitoring electronic system.
In addition, in order to monitor the overall thermal environment of the apparatus 1, it is preferred to provide a solid state electronic temperature sensor 30, monitoring the coolant system, and respective thermocouples such as 31 associated with the individual infra-red heaters at each reaction station.
The sensor 30 is preferably mounted in excellent thermal contact with the outlet tube 13, and is intended to detect whether the system is operating correctly and, if so, when its steady state has been reached. Sensors such as 30 typically generate digital output signals which, beneficially, reduces their susceptibility to interference.

Claims (17)

CLAIMS:
1. A multi-station reaction apparatus; each station defining a location adapted to receive a reaction vessel, and thermal insulation being provided to impede thermal coupling between stations, characterised in that each station is provided with respective and individually energisable heating means, and cooling means are provided to achieve a desired reaction temperature within a prescribed operating range.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising respective temperature sensing means at each station, each individually capable of sensing departure, at its station, from a desired reaction temperature in said range, and providing control signals for said heating and/or cooling means as required to re-establish the desired reaction temperature at that station.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the cooling means comprises respective, coolant-fed coils at each station, disposed so as to thermally couple with reaction vessels supported thereat.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the cooling means comprises a respective hollow cylinder at each station, disposed so as to thermally couple with reaction vessels supported thereat.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the cooling means comprises respective thermoelectric cooler modules at each station, disposed so as to thermally couple with reaction vessels supported thereat.
6. Apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein each station is provided with drive means for a magnetically coupled stirring device locatable in a reaction vessel.
7. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein the drive means is configured to resist thermal transfer thereto.
8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the drive means is configured to position active components thereof in a thermally protected environment.
9. Apparatus according to any preceding claim including individually temperature controlled reflux means provided at each station to cool the top section of a reactor vessel, thus providing condensing or refluxing of evaporated reactants.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the reflux means comprises a hollow cylinder through which flows cooled refrigerant fluid.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9 wherein the reflux means comprises a tubular coil through which flows cooled refrigerant fluid.
12. Apparatus according to any of claims 9, 10 or 11 further including means for passing an inert gas around the reflux means to further improve thermal contact with the reaction vessel.
13. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the individual heating means at each station comprise infra-red heaters below the reaction vessel locations.
14. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12 wherein the individual heating means at each station comprise sleeve heaters surrounding the reaction vessel locations. 5
15. Apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12 wherein the individual heating means at each station comprise respective heater elements adjacent to the reaction vessel locations. 10
16. Apparatus according to any preceding claim wherein the stations comprise ten stations, arranged in two parallel banks of five to accommodate respective reaction vessels within which simultaneous automatic or manually programmed reactions are to be conducted.
17. A multi-station reaction apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 20
GB0016802A 1999-07-07 2000-07-07 Improvements relating to multi-station reaction apparatus Withdrawn GB2351925A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9915953.5A GB9915953D0 (en) 1999-07-07 1999-07-07 Improvements relating to multi-station reaction apparatus

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GB0016802D0 GB0016802D0 (en) 2000-08-30
GB2351925A true GB2351925A (en) 2001-01-17

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GB0016802A Withdrawn GB2351925A (en) 1999-07-07 2000-07-07 Improvements relating to multi-station reaction apparatus

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003004165A2 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-16 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Reaction vessel
WO2003054533A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-07-03 Sokolowski Jerzy H Method and apparatus for universal metallurgical simulation and analysis
GB2400334A (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-13 Electrothermal Eng Ltd Refluxing head
WO2011020576A3 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-04-14 Richard Wilhelm Reaction device for the sublimation and/or thermal desorption and/or distillation and/or extraction of substances
WO2014190998A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Dako Denmark A/S Method and apparatus for reagent mixing
AU2009288803B2 (en) * 2008-09-08 2015-01-29 Tata Steel Limited A bench scale pressure reactor unit with data acquisition and control system for chemical leaching of minerals
WO2024022960A1 (en) * 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heating device for a microfluidic analysis device for the analysis of a specimen, method for the operation of a heating device, and microfluidic analysis device

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DE102007011449B4 (en) * 2007-03-06 2010-10-07 Pharma Test Apparatebau Gmbh Arrangement for testing the disintegration time and drug release of samples in liquids
BRPI0819691A2 (en) * 2007-11-30 2021-03-16 Cobertt Research Pty Ltd. APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE OF A REACTION MIXTURE KEPT INSIDE A REACTION CONTAINER
DE102010040685A1 (en) * 2010-09-14 2012-03-15 Hamilton Bonaduz Ag Temperature control device for the thermal consolidation of drug beads
CN114307929B (en) * 2022-01-11 2024-01-16 烟台松川自动化科技有限公司 Multi-position independent automatic parallel reaction device

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DE19521947C1 (en) * 1995-06-16 1996-08-22 Medipro Medizinische Diagnosti Vibrating water bath assembly with at least two individually temp.-controlled positions
US5849208A (en) * 1995-09-07 1998-12-15 Microfab Technoologies, Inc. Making apparatus for conducting biochemical analyses
WO1998038487A2 (en) * 1997-02-28 1998-09-03 Cepheid Heat exchanging, optically interrogated chemical reaction assembly
EP0916397A2 (en) * 1997-11-14 1999-05-19 Rohm And Haas Company Apparatus and method used in multiple, simultaneous synthesis of general compounds
WO1999048608A2 (en) * 1998-03-23 1999-09-30 Cepheid Multi-site reactor system with dynamic, independent control of individual reaction sites

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003004165A2 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-16 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Inc. Reaction vessel
WO2003004165A3 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-04-17 Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Inc Reaction vessel
WO2003054533A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-07-03 Sokolowski Jerzy H Method and apparatus for universal metallurgical simulation and analysis
GB2400334A (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-10-13 Electrothermal Eng Ltd Refluxing head
GB2400334B (en) * 2003-04-11 2006-10-04 Electrothermal Eng Ltd Multi-station reaction apparatus
AU2009288803B2 (en) * 2008-09-08 2015-01-29 Tata Steel Limited A bench scale pressure reactor unit with data acquisition and control system for chemical leaching of minerals
WO2011020576A3 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-04-14 Richard Wilhelm Reaction device for the sublimation and/or thermal desorption and/or distillation and/or extraction of substances
WO2014190998A1 (en) * 2013-05-28 2014-12-04 Dako Denmark A/S Method and apparatus for reagent mixing
WO2024022960A1 (en) * 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heating device for a microfluidic analysis device for the analysis of a specimen, method for the operation of a heating device, and microfluidic analysis device

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Publication number Publication date
GB0016802D0 (en) 2000-08-30
WO2001003838A1 (en) 2001-01-18
GB9915953D0 (en) 1999-09-08

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