GB2351502A

GB2351502A - Cleaning materials including fly ash

Info

Publication number: GB2351502A
Application number: GB0004136A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Mahmoud Salem
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-04-17
Filing date: 2000-02-22
Publication date: 2001-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2020-02-22
Also published as: GB9929921D0; GB0004136D0; GB2351502B; GB9908762D0

Abstract

Fly ash and/or cenosphere are waste industrial products with very similar chemical composition to soil. Due to the mainly spherical particles making up the bulk of fly ash and all of cenosphere, the inventor has used them as abrasive agents to aid cleansing and or polishing various surfaces, which are much finer and smoother to the touch. Cosmetic and/or household products with consistencies of viscous to runny pastes, have been prepared by the inventor to: <SL> <LI>1) Clean and polish teeth as 'abrasive toothpastes'. <LI>2) Scrub and polish the skin, including facial skin as 'Skin Scrubber and Polisher'. <LI>3) Scrub and polish skin, (other than the face) as 'Skin Mud'. <LI>4) Polish and clean a variety of substrates, as 'Polisher and cleaner'. </SL>

Description

2351502 CLEANSING AND POLISHING AIDED BY ABRASION

INTRODUCTION

Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) is an industrial waste produced from burning of coal in the electricity generation power stations. Many millions of tones of PFA (Fly Ash) is produced world wide. Lack of useful and cost effective consumption or viable products, in which PFA is the major constituent still exists. On the other hand PFA is chemically inert. Generally more than 95% of PFA's chemical composition is made up of oxides of Silicon, Aluminum and Iron. The remaining 5% is composed of unbumt coal, as well as oxides of Titanium, Potassium, Calcium, and other metal oxides. The cost of good quality fly ash is very low and particles are mainly spherical and non-angular with diameters within the range of 0. 5 - 300 gin. Cenospheres, which are hollow spherical particles within a similar size range as PFA, are part constituents of fly ash. The lighter colour and lower density of cenosphere, has made its use in various aspects of this invention, more advantageous, though at a higher cost.

When cleaning surfaces, generally two actions are involved. One is the abrasion, which results in a physical removal of dirt and the second is the action of detergents or soaps, which by reducing the surface tension of water assists in the removal of dirt and debris.

A variety of products exist in the market place as polisher of various substrates including skin polisher/scrubber. Most if not all of these products cause abrasion via irregular and angular particles. Pulverized fruit stones (e.g. apricot stone), or highly irregular particles of various insoluble silicate salts, are examples of materials that are often used as abrasive additives, which assist polishing and/or scrubbing the skin via abrasion.

Many household products as well as cosmetics rely on an effective cleaning via a chemical approach. Examples could include the use of strong acids and/or alkalis to clean e.g. cooking ovens. Although cleaning may be achieved, however undesirable chemicals are used and/or released to the environment.

The objective in all aspects of this invention has been to achieve cleaning and polishing of various surfaces, including the skin, by substituting corrosive and hazardous chemical components, with commercially available detergents and /or soaps, with inclusion of PFA and/or Cenosphere as suitable and cost-effective abrasive components. Hence achieving the objective via a physical approach, rather than an environinentally undesirable chemical one.

ESSENTIAL TECHNICAL FEATURES OF THIS INVENTION A family of Abrasive Cosmetic and Cleansing products have been invented, in which the inventor has used Fly Ash (Pulverized Fuel Ash - PFA), and/or Cenosphere as the abrasive agent(s).

In the first aspect of this invention, mixes of PFA, (which was washed with water and dried prior to use), liquid soaps or soap free detergents, which are suitable for skin cleansing, have been prepared. The application of these materials, e.g. as abrasive 'Sldn Mud' has shown a remarkable cleaning and polishing property on the skin.

Although a suitable abrasive material for the all parts of the body, perhaps except the face, this invention is felt most effective when used on the feet, arms and legs.

Where as application of a pumice stone is restricted to flat and accessible areas of the skin, by applying and messaging this creamy product with a consistency of a viscous paste on a wetted skin of feet, (in particular), using the soles of the feet, a very effective and all round scrubbing and polishing of feet results. Furthermore optional addition of various oils and/or plants (dried powder) could compliment this product and/or act as a homeopathic and/or herbal treatment or remedy.

(Inclusion of Calendula (for athlete's foot), Celandine (for corn), Lady's Mantle (for cuts), Calamus Root (for cold feet), Club Moss (for cramps in feet), Butterbur Leaf (for sore and chafed feet), Horsetail (for sweaty feet), Coltsfoot (for swollen feet))', as well as other oils and herbs for other parts of the body. These herbs are dried, milled and added to the mix in required ratios)'.

Although the ratio of each ingredient c an vary, an example of these abrasives creamy textures are given below:

Example 1.1.

Fly Ash (washed and dried prior to use) 10.0 g Detergent (e.g. Anti-Bacterial Handwash - by Boots, UK) 10.0 g Herb Powder ( Optional e.g. Calendula) <1.0 g Water 1.0 mi 1. Health from God's Garden, by Maria Treben, 1987, Guild Publishing, London.

0 2- In the second aspect of this invention very cost effective homogenous Abrasive Detergents have been prepared from PFA (washed and dried), with detergents, yielding a homogenous composition with a consistency of a runny-viscous paste.

Similar products have been prepared using a more expensive and lighter coloured Cenosphere rather than fly ash. Invention of abrasive detergents in which Cenosphere or cenosphere has been used has resulted in cleaning as well as polishing various surfaces as well however, PFA is almost ten times less expensive than cenosphere and many times cheaper than other abrasive agents such as alumina or silica, or titanium oxide. It is estimated that products based on the idea of this invention would be highly cost effective as well.

Furthen-nore considering that spherical PFA as well as cenosphere particles are within the size range of 0.5 - 300 tm, which is much finer than sand, and/or other abrasive materials (as individual particles are not visible to the naked eye), their use would be very economical and more effective as well.

Compositions made from mixing various ratios of a detergent and PFA have been prepared. Upon application on various surfaces, using a wetted washing cloth, a very effective cleaning as well as polishing action have been recorded on all metallic surfaces tested, e.g. copper, aluminum, steel, stainless steel, chromed metallic surfaces, etc. Application of this material on stainless steel washing sink resulted in such an effective cleaning and polishing, that water would ran over it as if it had been waxed. Please see attached photographs.

Although the ratio of each ingredient can vary depending on the required consistency of the paste, examples of workable compositions are given below:

Example 2.1.

Fly Ash 15.0 g Detergent (e.g. Fairy - by Procter & Gamble UK) 10.0 g Water 2.0 ml Example 2.2.

Cenosphere (Standard Grade from Fillite Ltd.) 10.0 g Detergent (e.g. Fairy - by Procter & Gamble UK) 10.0 g Water 1.0 nil Regarding all such compositions (e.g. as given in examples above), 24 hours after mixing, the creamy upper layer above the partially separated detergent layer (excess), was separated. Much finer particles that had sedimented to the bottom were also eliminated from the mix, leaving a more homogenous and one-phase creamy composition.

71 In the third aspect of this invention the inventor has used Cenospheres to prepare cosmetic products with application as a Sldn Scrubber and Polisher. Cenosphere with diameters of <100pm, were washed with water and subjected to a temperature treatment of 250'C for 8 hours in an electric oven prior to use. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, appropriate quantities of cenosphere were added to commercially available cleansing liquids. Upon application the skin feels only a mild abrasiveness. This added abrasive property has shown to enhance the cleaning properties via scrubbing. Application of this product as a facial scrubber has proven very effective.

Abrasion via spherical particles of very small diameters and entirely inorganic chemical composition are advantages that could not be matched by other products. Furthermore the spherical shape of these abrasive particles, results in abrasive cosmetics, which are smoother to the touch compared with angular and sharp filler materials as is used in the many existing cosmetic products.

Furthermore the possibility of high temperature treatment of the mineral particles for added hygienic purposes is an added advantage, which would not be possible when polymeric and organic based materials with similar properties are used. Examples of workable consistencies are presented below:

Example 3.1.

Cenosphere (ideall below 100 nm in diameter) 10.0 g Moisturising Handwash (e.g. by Enliven Ltd.) 6.0 g Water 1.0 ml Example 3.2.

Cenosphere 10.0 g Moisturising Handwash (e.g. Crispwhite by ASDA) 6.0 g Water 1.0 nil 4 C In the fourth aspect of this invention Polishing Toothpastes were invented using cenosphere, (preferably <80trn in diameter), as the abrasive agent. The cenosphere particles were washed and then subjected to a temperature treatment of 2501C for 8 hours in an electric oven. Upon cooling to ambient temperature appropriate portions were added and mixed with commercially available toothpastes until a homogenous consistency of a paste were obtained.

Through an entirely physical abrasion via brushing, cleaning as well as polishing of teeth has been achieved.

Due to the spherical shape of cenosphere, abrasion does not result in scratches. Only a very mild feeling of roughness, when brushing is experienced by the lips and the tongue.

The entirely inorganic and inert chemical composition and possibility of high temperature treatment of the filler prior to use, are collectively advantages that could not be matched by other abrasive fillers for these applications. An example of a workable consistency is presented below:

Example 4.1.

Cenosphere 7.0 g Toothpaste (e.g. Total by Colgate) 35.0 g

Claims

I Abrasive cleansing and polishing materials with consistencies of runny to viscous liquids, caused by inclusion of Pulverized Fuel Ash (Fly Ash), and/or Cenosphere as abrasive agents and as part constituent of cleansing liquids.
2 A product as claimed in claim 1 that may be used as a polishing and scrubbing product for the skin, as 'skin mud'.
3 A product as claimed in claim 1, that may be used as a skin scrubber and polisher with particular effectiveness as a 'facial sIdn scrubber and polisher'.
4 A product as claimed in claim 1, that may be used as an 'abrasive detergent', ZP that cleans and polishes surfaces of various rigid substrates.

(e.