GB2347200A - Intuitive cursor moving method and device for touch sensitive pads - Google Patents
Intuitive cursor moving method and device for touch sensitive pads Download PDFInfo
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- GB2347200A GB2347200A GB9904119A GB9904119A GB2347200A GB 2347200 A GB2347200 A GB 2347200A GB 9904119 A GB9904119 A GB 9904119A GB 9904119 A GB9904119 A GB 9904119A GB 2347200 A GB2347200 A GB 2347200A
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- sensitive pad
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
Abstract
A method, apparatus and computer program product for controlling a cursor on a display screen is disclosed. The initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on a touch-sensitive pad is detected. Whilst contact is maintained at substantially the same position on the pad, a change in the area of contact caused by relative movement about said position is detected. A cursor is then positioned on the display screen such that changes in the area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in a first direction.
Description
INTUITIVE CURSOR MOVING METHOD AND DEVICE
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to control of a cursor and more particularly to control of a cursor for use on, for example, a touch pad display system.
Background of the Invention
Conventionally, users interact with the desktop and operating system of their computer system using a"mouse". A mouse is a special hardware input device connected by a wire, infrared or radio frequency signal to the computer system. Typically, the mouse has one or more push buttons on its upper surface and a roller on its lower surface designed to roll along a surface adjacent to the computer system. When the user moves the mouse's roller across the surface, a cursor, typically in the shape of an arrow, positioned on the computer system's display tracks the movement of the mouse's roller. When the user has positioned the cursor at a desirable location, such as over an object, the user clicks one or more times depending on how the operating system is programmed, one or more of the mouse push buttons to perform an operation.
Conventional mice suffer certain disadvantages and limitations.
For example, the mouse is bulky, fixed in size so that very small hands or very large hands alike do not fit properly over the mouse.
Furthermore, a mouse requires that a surface suitable for its operation is located adjacent to the computer system. Accordingly, many customer oriented systems such as Automated Teller Machines do not use mice. The trend is for such systems to use touch screens.
An alternative to a conventional mouse is a roller ball. However, this requires additional, sometimes bulky, hardware.
The term cursor will be used to describe a movable, visible mark used to indicate the position at which the next operation will occur on a display surface. In a touch enabled system, a cursor may be displayed as an arrow indicating the location of the cursor on the display screen.
The cursor may be located at any position on the screen. The term stylus will be used to describe a pointer that is operated by placing it in contact with the surface of a touch pad display. The term pointing device will be used to describe a mechanical device, separate from the touch pad display, which is used to position a cursor on a display screen./-*'.''
Conventional touchscreens allow the user's finger or h$her object such as a stylus to replace the conventional mouse and mouse cursor.
Conventional touchscreens utilise, for example, heat sensitive, sound sensitive, pressure sensitive, motion sensitive, current sensitive, charge sensitive or capacitive grid/detectors to detect a hand, finger or an object placed on the touch pad.
The usual mode in which such touchscreens are operated is that the user can position the cursor by touching the screen with an object such as a finger or stylus and then dragging the object across the touchscreen until the cursor is at the desired position. This requires that the touchscreen covers the entire surface of the display. In general the use of a touchscreen will degrade the visual quality of the displayed image because of reflections from the surfaces of the touchscreen and from marks made on the touchscreen from contact by fingers or styli.
It would be desirable to provide a system in which a user was able to move a cursor around the screen in a manner which is intuitive and can be used with or without a conventional touchscreen that covers the entire area of the display.
Disclosure of the Invention
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for controlling a cursor on a display screen, the display screen including a touch sensitive pad, comprising the steps of: detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad; whilst contact is maintained, at substantially the same position, between said portion of the object and said touch-sensitive pad: detecting a change in the area of contact between said portion of the object and the touch-sensitive pad; and positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in said area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in the first direction.
By detecting the initial area of contact and then a changed area of contact due to pressure exerted by a first portion of an object, operation of the cursor is extremely intuitive and efficient to use.
Since many personal digital assistants and similar pervasive computing devices already have touch screens that can fulfil the function of the touch-sensitive pad in moving the cursor, no additional hardware is required on such devices in order to implement the present invention.
In an embodiment, the touch sensitive pad covers at least part of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially transparent.
In another embodiment, the touch sensitive pad is located outside the area of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially opaque.
In an embodiment, the object comprises a finger. A portion of the finger makes contact with the touch-sensitive pad and pressure applied to the finger in a given direction changes the area of contact in that given direction and causes the cursor position to be moved in that given direction.
In another embodiment, the object comprises a stylus. A portion of the stylus makes contact with the touch-sensitive pad and pressure applied to the stylus in a given direction changes the area of contact without causing substantial movement of the stylus relative to the touchscreen. The change in the area of contact in that given direction causes the cursor position on the display screen to be moved in that given direction.
Preferably, the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction corresponds to the change in the area of contact. This allows a user to have precise control over movement of the cursor.
Further preferably, the correspondence between the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction and the change in the area of contact varies in a pre-determined manner according to the first direction.
Yet further preferably, the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to a change in the area of contact of an object in a longitudinal direction is different from the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to the same change in the area of contact in a lateral direction. This allows the movement of the cursor to take into account that, for a given pressure applied to the finger, there is less movement of the finger in a longitudinal direction than there is in a lateral direction. These directions may be arranged to align with the vertical and horizontal directions on the display screen.
Alternatively, they may be arranged for other alignments. The object may be a finger or it may be any object which has anisotropic mechanical properties.
In a preferred embodiment, the change in the area of contact is determined by calculating a centre position of the initial area of contact and a centre position of the changed area of contact.
In an embodiment, the method further comprises the step providing a supplementary touch or key position so as to provide a select function.
In a variation of the embodiment, the provided supplementary touch or key position is duplicated on more than one side of the touchsensitive screen. This means that the touch sensitive screen is equally usable by left-handed or right-handed people.
An embodiment of the present invention uses a touch-sensitive pad using one of a surface acoustic wave or a guided acoustic wave technology. The use of surface acoustic wave or a guided acoustic wave technology means that the initial area of contact and the distorted area of contact may be determined directly from the touch screen without the necessity for the area of contact to be calculated.
Another embodiment of the present invention uses a touch-sensitive pad using one of a capacitive or a resistive technology.
In embodiments of the invention the touch-sensitive pad is also a touch-sensitive display screen and is part of one of a personal digital assistant, a laptop computer, a notepad computer or a mobile telephone.
The invention also provides an apparatus for controlling a cursor on a display screen comprising: a touch-sensitive pad; means for detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad; means for detecting contact being maintained at substantially the same position between said portion of the object and said touch-sensitive pad; means for detecting a change in the area of contact on the touch-sensitive pad of said portion of an object; and means for positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in the area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in a first direction.
The invention also provides a computer program product for use in a data processing system having a touch-sensitive pad, the computer program product comprising: a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied in said medium for controlling a cursor on a display screen, said computer program product having: computer readable program code means for detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad ; computer readable program code means for detecting contact being maintained at substantially the same pad position between said portion of the object and said touch-sensitive pad: computer readable program code means for detecting a change in the area of contact between said portion of an object and said touch-sensitive pad; and computer readable program code means for positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in the area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in a first direction.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a prior art computer system in which the present invention may be utilised;
Figure 2 shows a view of the front surface of a touch-sensitive pad on which contact has been made by a user's finger; and
Figure 3 is a flow diagram of the steps of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The invention will now be described with reference to a computing system 100 as illustrated in figure 1. The invention may also be used with other suitable hardware systems such as a laptop or a notepad computing system. Computing system 100 includes any suitable central processing unit 10, such as a standard microprocessor and any number of other objects interconnected via system bus 12. For the purposes of illustration, computing system 100 includes memory, such as Read Only
Memory (ROM) 16, Random Access Memory (RAM) 14 and peripheral memory devices, for example, disk or tape drives 20, connected to system bus 12 via I/O adapter 18. Computing system 100 further includes a display adapter 36 for connecting system bus 12 to a conventional display device 38. Also, user interface adapter 22 could connect system bus 12 to other user controls, such as keyboard 24, speaker 28, mouse 26 and a touchsensitive pad (not shown).
A Graphical User Interface (GUI) and operating system (OS) of the preferred embodiment reside within a computer readable medium and contain a touch-sensitive pad device driver that allows a user to initiate the manipulation of displayed object icons and text on a display device. Any suitable computer media may retain the GUI and operating system, such as
ROM 16, RAM 14, disk and/or tape drive 20, for example, magnetic diskette, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, optical disk or other suitable storage media.
Referring to figure 2, a touch-sensitive pad includes any conventional, touch pad that is sensitive to, for example, heat, pressure, sound, capacitance or some other electrical property of finger contact. In figure 2, a user has placed a finger or other object on the touch-sensitive pad. If an object, such as a stylus, other than a finger is used, the object needs to be of such a shape that tilting or twisting of the object results in a change of the area of contact of the object.
The coefficient of friction between a finger and the surface of the touch-sensitive pad needs to be sufficient that the finger does not easily slide when placed in contact with the surface of the touchsensitive pad. A touch-sensitive pad having a surface with a coefficient of friction that is sufficiently low that a finger placed in contact with it slides may be used with the present invention where the degree of sliding is not large. The size of the"touch"area of the touchsensitive pad may be small, for example, only 50% larger than the area required to contain the largest finger tip. Consequently, the present invention may be used with the displays of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and small mobile phones.
The present invention works by mapping the distortion of the area of contact of the finger with a touch-sensitive pad as the finger is pressed in the direction of motion required of the cursor. The greater the pressure, the greater the distortion and the faster the cursor moves.
Since most PDAs and many other tier 0 devices are touch enabled (to avoid the need for a keyboard), no additional hardware may be required to enable implementation of this cursor. The additional function may be implemented in the form of microcode. The invention is extremely intuitive in its mode of operation. The present invention is the most effective, cursor for PDAs which are usually already touch enabled.
Referring to figure 3, at step 302, a user places a finger on the touch-sensitive pad. Alternatively, a stylus may be placed on the pad.
At step 304, the profile of the area of initial contact (202 in figure 2) between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad with the finger at rest is determined. This step takes a few milliseconds to complete. A "centre of gravity" (216 in figure 2) of the area of initial contact is calculated at step 306.
At step 308, the user pushes the finger tip in the direction in which cursor movement is required. The area of contact between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad increases and becomes distorted in the required direction for cursor movement (204 in figure 2). If a stylus has been placed on the screen, the stylus is pushed in a required direction such that the area of contact between the stylus and the touchsensitive pad becomes distorted in the required direction for cursor movement. The distorted area of contact for cursor movement in a southwest direction is shown in figure 2 as 206. In response to the user pushing the finger tip in the direction in which cursor movement is required, the distorted area of contact (206 in figure 2) between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad is calculated at step 310. A "centre of gravity" (218 in figure 2) of the area of initial contact is calculated at step 312.
Similarly, if the user pushes the finger tip in a different direction in which cursor movement is required, the area of contact between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad increases and becomes distorted in the different required direction for cursor movement (208 in figure 2). The distorted area of contact for cursor movement in a north east direction is shown in figure 2 as 210. In response to the user pushing the finger tip in the direction in which cursor movement is required, the distorted area of contact (210 in figure 2) between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad is calculated. A'centre of gravity" (220 in figure 2) of the area of initial contact is then calculated.
Based on the calculated centre of gravity of the initial area of contact calculated at step 306 and the calculated centre of gravity of the distorted area of contact calculated at step 312, a desired direction and speed of cursor movement is then calculated at step 314. Whilst a simple mapping of the movement of the centre of gravity to a desired direction and speed may be done, it is preferable if account is taken of the fact that a finger tip is distorted more easily in a lateral direction than in a longitudinal direction when pressure is applied.
This is because of the shape of a finger. The calculation at step 314 preferably takes this into account by applying a different degree of gain to movement of the centre of gravity in a lateral direction to that applied for movement in a longitudinal direction.
The relationship between centre of gravity positional change and the speed or distance of the cursor movement may be set as it is with a conventional computer mouse. In an alternative embodiment, the centres of gravity of the initial area of contact and the distorted area of contact are not calculated, but instead the areas of contact themselves are compared to determine the magnitude and direction of the distortion of the area of contact. In another alternative embodiment, the direction only of desired cursor movement is determined from the areas of contact, the speed being predetermined.
The operating system is then asked at step 316 to update the cursor position on the screen in accordance with the desired direction of cursor movement. This updating is done by the operating system in the same manner as is conventionally done when cursor movement is controlled by the use of a mouse as a pointing device.
Because the eye tracks cursor motion, efficient feedback between the cursor position and the pressure applied between the finger tip and the touch-sensitive pad will take place. Different sensitivity levels can be programmed so that the cursor speed can be varied for a given movement of the finger tip. This may be achieved by varying the amount of cursor movement that the operating system is asked to apply for a given distortion of the calculated area of contact.
An equivalent function to mouse buttons may be provided by supplementary touch or key positions. These can be operated with the thumb in a hand held computing device having a touch-sensitive pad or with a finger of the other hand for a non-portable computing device. For a hand held computing device, the supplementary touch or key positions may be operated by the thumb of the hand holding the device. The supplementary touch or key positions may be duplicated on either side of the hand held computing device and be selectively activated so that they can be used by both left and right handed people.
In preferred embodiments of the invention, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) or a guided acoustic wave (GAW) technology is used for the touchsensitive pad. With this technology of touch-sensitive pad, the profile of the area of contact can actually be mapped directly. The arrows (212,214 in figure 2) show one arrangement for the directions of propagation of acoustic waves. The intersection of the acoustic wave fronts and the first point of contact of locus is mapped (for a circular locus, this would be a semicircle) for approximately half of the complete locus. This is sufficient in order to determine the initial area of contact and the distorted area of contact.
The invention is also applicable to touch-sensitive pads using capacitive or resistive touch-sensitive pad technology. In devices using capacitive or resistive touch-sensitive pad technology it is necessary for the area of contact and/or centre of gravity of the contact to be calculated as this is not directly provided by the sensors themselves.
For example, in a device using capacitive technology, the capacitance detected is proportional to the area of contact of the finger or other object and the position detected will approximate to the centre of gravity of the area of contact. With resistive technology. there is little sensitivity to the area of contact, but the centre of gravity is still detected. Resistive technology is therefore more suitable for applications where the speed of motion of the cursor has been predetermined.
Claims (27)
- CLAIMS 1. A method for controlling a cursor on a display screen, the display screen including a touch sensitive pad, comprising the steps of: detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad; whilst contact is maintained, at substantially the same screen position, between said portion of the object and said touch-sensitive pad: detecting a change in the area of contact between said portion of the object and the touch-sensitive pad; and positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in said area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in the first direction.
- 2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touch sensitive pad covers at least part of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially transparent.
- 3. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touch sensitive pad is located outside the area of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially opaque.
- 4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the object comprises a finger.
- 5. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the object comprises a stylus.
- 6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction corresponds to the change in the area of contact in the first direction.
- 7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the correspondence between the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction and the change in the area of contact varies in a pre-determined manner according to the first direction.
- 8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to a change in the area of contact of an object in a longitudinal direction is different from the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to the same change in the area of contact in a lateral direction.
- 9. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the object comprises a finger.
- 10. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the change in the area of contact is determined by calculating a centre position of the initial area of contact and a centre position of the changed area of contact.
- 11. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step providing a supplementary touch or key position so as to provide a select function.
- 12. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the provided supplementary touch or key position is duplicated on more than one side of the touchsensitive screen.
- 13. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touch-sensitive pad uses one of a surface acoustic wave or a guided acoustic wave technology.
- 14. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touch-sensitive pad uses one of a capacitive or a resistive technology.
- 15. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the touch-sensitive pad is part of one of a personal digital assistant, a laptop computer, a notepad computer or a mobile telephone
- 16. An apparatus for controlling a cursor on a display screen comprising: a touch-sensitive pad; means for detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad; means for detecting contact being maintained, at substantially the same position, between said portion of the object and said touchsensitive pad: means for detecting a change in the area of contact on the touchsensitive pad of said portion of an object; and means for positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in the area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in a first direction.
- 17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein the touch sensitive pad covers at least part of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially transparent.
- 18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein the touch sensitive pad is located outside the area of the display screen and the touch sensitive pad is substantially opaque.
- 19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein the computer system further comprises a supplementary touch or key position so as to provide a select function.
- 20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 19 wherein the supplementary touch or key position is duplicated on more than one side of the touchsensitive screen.
- 21. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein the touch-sensitive display screen uses one of a capacitive or a resistive technology.
- 22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16 wherein the apparatus is a personal digital assistant, a laptop computer, a notepad computer or a mobile telephone.
- 23. A computer program product for use in a data processing system having a touch-sensitive pad, the computer program product comprising: a computer usable medium having computer readable program code means embodied in said medium for controlling a cursor on a display screen, said computer program product having: computer readable program code means for detecting an initial area of contact of a portion of an object positioned on the touch-sensitive pad; computer readable program code means for detecting contact being maintained, at substantially the same pad position, between said portion of the object and said touch-sensitive pad: computer readable program code means for detecting a change in the area of contact between said portion of an object and the touch-sensitive pad; and computer readable program code means for positioning a cursor on the display screen such that changes in the area of contact in a first direction cause the cursor to move in a first direction.
- 24. A computer program product as claimed in claim 23, wherein the computer readable program code means for positioning a cursor on the display screen controls the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction such that the speed of movement corresponds to the change in the area of contact in the first direction.
- 25. A computer program product as claimed in claim 24, wherein the computer readable program code means for positioning a cursor on the display screen controls the correspondence between the speed of movement of the cursor in a first direction and the change in the area of contact varies in a pre-determined manner according to the first direction.
- 26. A computer program product as claimed in claim 25, wherein the computer readable program code means for positioning a cursor on the display screen controls the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to a change in the area of contact of an object in a longitudinal direction such that the speed of movement is different from the speed of movement of the cursor in a direction corresponding to the same change in the area of contact in a lateral direction.
- 27. A computer program product as claimed in claim 23, wherein the computer readable program code means for detecting a change in the area of contact on the touch-sensitive display screen determines the change in the area of contact by calculating a centre position of the initial area of contact and a centre position of the changed area of contact.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9904119A GB2347200B (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | Intuitive cursor moving method and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9904119A GB2347200B (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | Intuitive cursor moving method and device |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9904119D0 GB9904119D0 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
| GB2347200A true GB2347200A (en) | 2000-08-30 |
| GB2347200B GB2347200B (en) | 2002-06-19 |
Family
ID=10848327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9904119A Expired - Fee Related GB2347200B (en) | 1999-02-24 | 1999-02-24 | Intuitive cursor moving method and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| GB (1) | GB2347200B (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2347200B (en) | 2002-06-19 |
| GB9904119D0 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20040224 |