GB2344052A - Cement delivery apparatus - Google Patents

Cement delivery apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2344052A
GB2344052A GB9823623A GB9823623A GB2344052A GB 2344052 A GB2344052 A GB 2344052A GB 9823623 A GB9823623 A GB 9823623A GB 9823623 A GB9823623 A GB 9823623A GB 2344052 A GB2344052 A GB 2344052A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
cement
delivery apparatus
cannulated
cement delivery
cannulated member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9823623A
Other versions
GB9823623D0 (en
Inventor
Benedict Guy Stungo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Original Assignee
Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd filed Critical Johnson and Johnson Medical Ltd
Priority to GB9823623A priority Critical patent/GB2344052A/en
Publication of GB9823623D0 publication Critical patent/GB9823623D0/en
Publication of GB2344052A publication Critical patent/GB2344052A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • A61B17/8811Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by the introducer tip, i.e. the part inserted into or onto the bone
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30721Accessories
    • A61F2/30723Plugs or restrictors for sealing a cement-receiving space
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4601Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/88Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
    • A61B17/8802Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
    • A61B17/8805Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
    • A61B17/8808Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it with sealing collar for bone cavity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2/3676Distal or diaphyseal parts of shafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/46Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4684Trial or dummy prostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/28Bones
    • A61F2002/2835Bone graft implants for filling a bony defect or an endoprosthesis cavity, e.g. by synthetic material or biological material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30721Accessories
    • A61F2/30724Spacers for centering an implant in a bone cavity, e.g. in a cement-receiving cavity
    • A61F2002/30726Centering or guiding rods, e.g. for insertion of femoral shafts
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30878Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with non-sharp protrusions, for instance contacting the bone for anchoring, e.g. keels, pegs, pins, posts, shanks, stems, struts
    • A61F2002/30884Fins or wings, e.g. longitudinal wings for preventing rotation within the bone cavity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30878Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves with non-sharp protrusions, for instance contacting the bone for anchoring, e.g. keels, pegs, pins, posts, shanks, stems, struts
    • A61F2002/30891Plurality of protrusions
    • A61F2002/30892Plurality of protrusions parallel
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2002/3678Geometrical features
    • A61F2002/3694Geometrical features with longitudinal bores

Abstract

A cement delivery apparatus (1) is provided with a cannulated member (6) attached to a cement restrictor (8) for insertion in a bone cavity (4) of a bone (2) into which a prosthetic component is to be cemented. The cement restrictor (8) holds the cannulated member (6) centrally within the bone cavity (4). A tamp (12) has a central axial opening enabling it to be disposed over the cannulated member (6). The cannulated member (6) has at least one opening (10) in its distal end (16) for insertion of cement into the distal end (18) of the bone cavity (4).

Description

CEMENT DELIVERY APPARATUS The present invention relates to a cement delivery apparatus, particularly for cement delivery to a bone cavity before implantation of a prosthetic component.
More particularly, the cement delivery apparatus can be used in hip revision surgery using the impaction grafting technique.
Currently, the known art of impaction bone grafting requires a"bone mantle"to be built up through the use of a tamp forming the bone allograft into the desired shape for the implant. The tamp is often cannulated such that it can be guided by a central guide wire within the cavity. Once the void has been built up, the tamp and the guide wire are removed and cement is injected into the void prior to implantation of a prosthetic component such as a hip stem. In this known method, there is a high probability of the cement gun nozzle disturbing the "bone mantle"as it is used to retrograde fill the void.
According to the present invention, there is provided a cement delivery apparatus comprising a cannulated member for insertion in a bone cavity, the cannulated member having at least one aperture in the wall of the cannulated member at a distal end of the cannulated member.
The apparatus may also include a means for holding the cannulated member centrally in the cavity.
Preferably, the cement delivery apparatus includes a tamp having a central opening in which the cannulated member can be disposed.
Preferably, the cannulated member is in the form of a cannulated rod or tube.
Preferably, the means for holding the cannulated member centrally within the bone cavity is in the form of a member extending transversely from the cannulated member across the bone cavity.
Preferably, the cement delivery apparatus includes a cement gun for insertion of cement into the canal of the cannulated member.
Preferably, the cannulated member is detachable from the means for holding the cannulated member centrally within the bone cavity.
An embodiment of a cement delivery apparatus in accordance with the present invention is now described, by means of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a cross-section of the cement delivery apparatus in accordance with the present invention in situ in a bone cavity, before injection of cement; Figure 2 is a detail of a distal portion of the cement delivery apparatus of Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a detail of the cement delivery apparatus of Figure 1 during insertion of the cement.
Referring to the drawings, a cement delivery apparatus 1 is provided for insertion of cement into a bone cavity 4 in a bone 2. In particular, the cement delivery apparatus 1 can be used for cement delivery in hip revision surgery using the impaction grafting technique. In the case of hip provision surgery, the bone 2 is a patient's femur which is to be prepared for insertion of a prosthetic hip stem.
The cement delivery apparatus 1 has a cannulated rod 6 which is held centrally in the bone cavity 4 by a cement restrictor 8 which extends radially from a distal end 16 of the cannulated rod 6 across the bone cavity 4. The cement restrictor 8 defines the distal end 18 of the bone cavity 4 into which cement is to be inserted.
The cannulated rod 6 has at least one opening 10 in the wall of the rod 6 and may have a plurality of small holes. The at least one opening 10 is at the distal end 16 of the rod 6 adjacent the cement restrictor 8.
The cannulated rod 6 is disposed within a tamp 12 in a central axial opening 24 in the tamp 12.
The proximal end 26 of the cannulated rod 6 can be attached to a cement gun noie.
The present invention combines the use of a central guide wire with a cement delivery system. The guide wire is replace by the cannulated rod 6. The cannulated rod 6 is detachably connected to the cement restrictor 8.
In use, the cement restrictor 8 attached to the cannulated rod 6 is placed in the bone cavity 4, A tamp 12 is placed in the bone cavity 4 and is guided centrally within the bone cavity 4 by insertion of the cannulated rod 6 within a central axial opening 24 of the tamp 12. The tamp 12 impacts bone allograft 20 into the desired shape for the implant. The cavity 4 is then ready for injection of the cement 22 and a cement gun is attached to the proximal end 26 of the cannulated rod 6. Cement 22 is injected into the cannulated rod 6.
The cement 22 travels down the cannulated rod 6 to the distal end 16 of the rod 6 and exits from the rod 6 through the at least one hole 10 in the distal end 16 of the rod 6.
The pressure of the cement 22 entering the bone cavity 4 at the distal end 18 of the bone cavity 4 forces the tamp 12 up the cannulated rod 6 towards the proximal end 26 of the rod 6. The provision of the tamp 12 in the bone cavity 4 during insertion of the cement 22 helps the cement 22 to be pressurised. Once the tamp 12 is forced clear of the bone cavity 4, the cement gun can be removed from the cannulated rod 6, the tamp 12 removed and the cannulated rod 6 detached from the cement restrictor 8 and removed from the bone cavity 4. The bone cavity 4 is then ready for implantation of the prosthetic component.
The cement delivery apparatus 1 has the advantage of the"bone mantle"being protected during the removal of the tamp 12 from the bone cavity 4 as the tamp 12 is removed in a controlled fashion along the cannulated rod 6 by the pressure of the cement 22 distal to the tamp 12. The"bone mantle"is protected from the cement gun insertion as the cement 22 is inserted through the cannulated rod 6.
As the tamp 12 effectively caps the cement column, the pressure in the cement 22 can be controlled as it is being injected.
As the bone cavity 4 is filled with cement 22 from the distal end 18 of the bone cavity 4, any loose bone particles are forced out of the bone cavity 4. Loose bone particles can weaken a cement mantle.
Improvements and modifications can be made to the foregoing without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. CLAIMS 1. A cement delivery apparatus comprising a cannulated member for insertion in a bone cavity, the cannulated member having at least one aperture in the wall of the cannulated member at a distal end of the cannulated member.
  2. 2. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the apparatus includes a means for holding the cannulated member centrally in the cavity.
  3. 3. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the cement delivery apparatus includes a tamp having a central opening in which the cannulated member can be disposed.
  4. 4. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3 wherein the cannulated member is in the form of a cannulated rod or tube.
  5. 5. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4 wherein the means for holding the cannulated member centrally within the bone cavity is in the form of a member extending transversely from the cannulated member across the bone cavity.
  6. 6. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the cement delivery apparatus includes a cement gun for insertion of cement into the canal of the cannulated member.
  7. 7. A cement delivery apparatus as claimed in any of claims 2 to 6 wherein the cannulated member is detachable from the means for holding the cannulated member centrally within the bone cavity.
  8. 8. A cement delivery apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
GB9823623A 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cement delivery apparatus Withdrawn GB2344052A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9823623A GB2344052A (en) 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cement delivery apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9823623A GB2344052A (en) 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cement delivery apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9823623D0 GB9823623D0 (en) 1998-12-23
GB2344052A true GB2344052A (en) 2000-05-31

Family

ID=10841457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9823623A Withdrawn GB2344052A (en) 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Cement delivery apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2344052A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2831052A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-04-25 Alain Durand Range of femoral rods comprises rod impacted into bone cavity with cement and rod impacted without cement, the cement impacted rod has central cavity for cement injection and its outward flow filling space between rod and bone
CN100350886C (en) * 2003-03-07 2007-11-28 林冠谷 Flexible air-untight medical filler

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4466435A (en) * 1981-09-04 1984-08-21 Murray William M Bone cement nozzle and method
US4653487A (en) * 1986-01-29 1987-03-31 Maale Gerhard E Intramedullary rod assembly for cement injection system
EP0434604A1 (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-06-26 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Anchored shaft for a femoral prosthesis
US5340362A (en) * 1991-10-16 1994-08-23 Carbone John J Method and apparatus for cementing intramedullary bone prosthesis

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4466435A (en) * 1981-09-04 1984-08-21 Murray William M Bone cement nozzle and method
US4653487A (en) * 1986-01-29 1987-03-31 Maale Gerhard E Intramedullary rod assembly for cement injection system
EP0434604A1 (en) * 1989-12-15 1991-06-26 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Anchored shaft for a femoral prosthesis
US5340362A (en) * 1991-10-16 1994-08-23 Carbone John J Method and apparatus for cementing intramedullary bone prosthesis

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2831052A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-04-25 Alain Durand Range of femoral rods comprises rod impacted into bone cavity with cement and rod impacted without cement, the cement impacted rod has central cavity for cement injection and its outward flow filling space between rod and bone
WO2003034954A1 (en) * 2001-10-24 2003-05-01 Societe De Genie Medical S.G.M. Set of femoral stems fixed with a liquid injected through their center
CN100350886C (en) * 2003-03-07 2007-11-28 林冠谷 Flexible air-untight medical filler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9823623D0 (en) 1998-12-23

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