GB2338513A - Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring - Google Patents
Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2338513A GB2338513A GB9813265A GB9813265A GB2338513A GB 2338513 A GB2338513 A GB 2338513A GB 9813265 A GB9813265 A GB 9813265A GB 9813265 A GB9813265 A GB 9813265A GB 2338513 A GB2338513 A GB 2338513A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- leaf spring
- resilient member
- needle
- fuel injector
- seating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002305 electric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/18—Leaf springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
- F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
- F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
- F02M61/205—Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2224/00—Materials; Material properties
- F16F2224/02—Materials; Material properties solids
- F16F2224/0283—Materials; Material properties solids piezoelectric; electro- or magnetostrictive
Abstract
A fuel injector, for example as shown in the accompanying drawing, comprises a valve member 14 biassed towards a seating by a prestressed resilient member in the form of a leaf spring 38. Piezo-electric or Magnetostrictive actuators 42, 44 are provided to apply a variable bending force to the resilient member to vary the magnitude of the biassing force applied to the needle 10.
Description
D 1 FUEL INJECTOR 2338513 This invention relates to a fuel injector
intended for use in delivering fuel under pressure to an internal combustion engine. The injector is particularly suitable for use in delivering diesel fuel to a cylinder of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.
In order to ensure that the levels of emissions and noise generated by an engine fall within acceptable ranges, it is desirable to be able to control the operation of an injector accurately. It has been found that noise and emissions levels can be reduced by injecting a small initial quantity of fuel to the cylinder, the small, pilot, injection being followed by a main injection, or by varying the rate at which fuel is delivered during injection. It is an object 9f the invention to provide an injector which can perform these functions. It is also desirable to be able to monitor the operation of the injector.
According to the present invention there is provided a fuel injector comprising a valve member slidable within a bore and engageable with a seating to control the flow of fuel from the bore to at least one outlet opening, the needle being biassed towards the seating by a prestressed resilient member, and means for applying a variable bending force to the resilient member to vary the magnitude of the force applied to the needle by the resilient member urging the needle towards its seating.
The means for applying a variable bending force to the resilient member may take the form of at least one appropriately controlled piezo-electric or magnetostrictive element mounted on the resilient member.
2 A further piezo-electric or magnetostrictive element may be used to monitor bending of the resilient member, thus permitting monitoring of the operation of the injector.
The invention will further be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a sectional view of part of an injector in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
The fuel injector illustrated in the accompanying drawing comprises a nozzle body 10 defining a bore 12 within which a valve needle 14 is slidable. The bore 12 is a blind bore and defines, adjacent its blind end, a seating with which the valve needle 14 is engageable to control the flow of fuel from the bore 12 to a plurality of outlet openings 16 located downstream of the seating.
The bore 12 includes a region 18 of enlarged diameter which communicates with a fuel supply passage 20. The needle 14 is shaped to include flutes 22 whereby fuel is able to flow from the enlarged diameter region 18 of the bore 12 to a chamber 24 defined between the valve needle 14 and the wall of the bore adjacent and upstream of the seating.
The upper surface of the nozzle body 10 abuts a distance piece 26 which includes a central opening through which part of the needle 14 extends. The distance piece 26 acts as a stop which limits movement of the needle 14 away from the seating.
The upper surface of the distance piece 26 abuts a nozzle holder 28, the outer surface of the lower end of which is screw-threaded and arranged to engage a cap nut 30 which is used to secure the nozzle body 10 and distance piece 26 to the nozzle holder 28. The nozzle holder 28 is 3 provided with a bore 32, the upper end of which is closed by a screwthreaded plug (not shown) which locates a spring abutment member 34. A peg 36 is located in an opening provided in the nozzle holder 28, the peg 36 engaging in a slot formed in the spring abutment member 34 to prevent rotation of the spring abutment member 34 upon adjustment of the screw-threaded plug.
A resilient member in the form of a leaf spring 38 engages the lower surface of the spring abutment member 34, a recess being provided in the lower surface of the spring abutment member 34 to locate the upper end of the leaf spring 38. The lower end of the leaf spring 38 engages a second spring abutment member 40 which is carried by the upper end of the valve needle 14. The second spring abutment member 40 is provided with a similar recess to locate the lower end of the leaf spring 38. The leaf spring 38 is prestressed to bias the valve needle 14 into engagement with the seating. It will be appreciated that the prestressing of the leaf spring 38 can be adjusted by adjusting the screw threaded plug to move the spring abutment 34 in the axial direction of the bore 32.
First and second piezo-electric actuator members 42, 44 are disposed on the surfaces of the leaf spring 38, and appropriate conductors 46 are arranged to permit actuation of the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 at the appropriate times to apply or vary the application of a bending force to the leaf spring 38.
In use, fuel under high pressure is supplied to the supply passage 20 from an appropriate source, for example a common rail charged with fuel to a suitably high pressure by an appropriate high pressure fuel pump. The chamber 24 is therefore supplied with fuel under high pressure which acts upon the valve needle 14 applying a force thereto acting in a direction to 4 urge the valve needle 14 away from the seating. This force is countered by the force applied to the needle 14 by the leaf spring 38. The stressing of the leaf spring 38 is sufficient to ensure that the valve needle 14 is maintained in engagement with its seating, thus ensuring that injection does not occur.
In order to commence injection, appropriate signals are applied to the conductors 46 to cause the first piezo-electric actuator 42 to reduce in length, and to cause the second piezo-electric actuator to extend in length. The change in length of the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 applies a bending force to the leaf spring 38, bending the leaf spring 38 to reduce the magnitude of the force applied to the valve needle 14 urging the valve needle 14 towards its seating. The reduction in the magnitude of the force applied to the valve needle 14 by the spring 38 is sufficient to permit the valve needle 14 to lift from its seating under the action of the fuel under pressure within the chamber 24, deflecting the leaf spring 38. Such movement of the valve needle 14 away from its seating permits fuel to flow to the outlet openings 16, thus allows injection to take place.
To terminate injection, the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 are returned to their original states with the result that the magnitude of the force applied to the valve needle 14 by the leaf spring 38 is returned to its original level. The increase in the magnitude of the force applied to the valve needle 14 is sufficient to cause the valve needle 14 to move back into engagement with its seating against the action of the fuel pressure within the chamber 24.
The prestressing of the leaf spring 38 may be achieved, if desired, by loading the spring abutment member 34 using an auxiliary spring.
If desired, the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 may be replaced by magnetostrictive materials which apply a bending force to the leaf spring 38 when the magnet field applied thereto changes.
It will be appreciated that by applying both sides of the leaf spring 38 with piezo-electric or magnetostrictive materials, the effects of temperature variations are minimised. In an alterative construction, the piezc,-electric or magnetostrictive material may be applied only to one face of the leaf spring 38, the leaf spring 38 being constructed from a metal alloy which is chosen to have the same temperature coefficient of expansion as the magnetostrictive or piezo-electric material.
in a further alternative arrangement, a first one of the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 may be used to vary the bending force applied to the leaf spring 38, the other of the piezo-electric actuators 42, 44 being used as a sensor to monitor bending or flexing of the leaf spring 38, in use. Such an arrangement permits the generation of a signal indicative of when movement of the injector needle 14 has taken place, and the degree by which the valve needle 14 has moved. Such an arrangement is of particular use where the injector is to be used to permit the delivery of a pilot injection followed by a main injection or to permit the injection to be of low initial rate. the rate of injection increasing at a subsequent stage of injection. For example, where the injector is to be used to deliver the initial part of the injection at a low rate, at the commencement of injection the first piezo-electric actuator 42 may be energized to a relatively low state, the output of the second actuator 44 being used to monitor movement of the valve needle 14 to determine when the valve needle 14 has moved by a first distance. Once the movement of the needle 14 by the first distance has been sensed, the first actuator 44 is controlled to maintain the needle 14 in this position for a predetermined duration 6 during which fuel is delivered to the openings 16 at a relatively low rate. Subsequently, the first actuator 42 is energized to permit movement of the valve needle 14 by a further distance to permit delivery of fuel at the higher rate. The injector may be operated in a similar manner where the piezo-electric actuators are replaced by magnetostrictive elements.
In a further modification, the actuator which is used as a sensor to determine the degree by which the leaf spring 38 is bent may additionally be arranged to apply a straightening force to the leaf spring 38 if it is sensed that the leaf spring 38 has not returned to its original condition upon the removal of the bending force by the first actuator 42. This feature would be particularly useful in circumstances where the needle 14 has become stuck in a lifted position, for example due to thermal effects, thus preventing the termination of injection.
Piezo-electric actuators are conventionally formed from a ceramic material which is of high cost and is inherently brittle. By disposing the ceramic material upon a leaf spring member, the risk of damage to the ceramic material during assembly is reduced compared to arrangements in which the ceramic material is not formed upon a substrate.
Although the injector described hereinbefore is intended for use in a common rail type fuel system, it will be appreciated that the injector may be modified and used in other applications in which it is desired to monitor or vary the resilient force applied to a valve needle.
Rather than use a single leaf spring, several such springs may be used, one or more of which is provided with a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric material coacting. Where several leaf springs are used, they may be 7 arranged to define a regular polygon or to form a circle. The springs may be interconnected to form a single unit.
1 8
Claims (4)
1. A fuel injector comprising a valve member slidable within a bore and engageable with a seating to control the flow of fuel from the bore to at least one outlet opening, the needle being biassed towards the seating by a prestressed resilient member, and means for applying a variable bending force to the resilient member to vary the magnitude of the force applied to the needle by the resilient member urging the needle towards its seating.
2. A fuel injector as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the means for applying a variable bending force to the resilient member comprises at least one appropriately controlled piezo-electric or magnetostrictive element mounted on the resilient member.
3. A fuel injector as claimed in Clairn 1 or Claim 2, further comprising a piezo-electric or magnetostrictive element arranged to permit monitoring of bending of the resilient member.
4. A fuel injector substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9813265A GB2338513A (en) | 1998-06-20 | 1998-06-20 | Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9813265A GB2338513A (en) | 1998-06-20 | 1998-06-20 | Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9813265D0 GB9813265D0 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
| GB2338513A true GB2338513A (en) | 1999-12-22 |
Family
ID=10834051
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9813265A Withdrawn GB2338513A (en) | 1998-06-20 | 1998-06-20 | Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2338513A (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1233204A1 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-21 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and method for adjusting the pre-load of a spring |
| WO2003104638A2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Piezoelectic valve system |
| US6880769B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-19 | Caterpillar Inc | Electronically-controlled fuel injector |
| US7320457B2 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 2008-01-22 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| US7537197B2 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2009-05-26 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| US9195058B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2015-11-24 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system |
| US9231186B2 (en) | 2009-04-11 | 2016-01-05 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Electro-switchable polymer film assembly and use thereof |
| US9425383B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2016-08-23 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Method of manufacturing electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications |
| US9553254B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2017-01-24 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films |
| US9590193B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-03-07 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Polymer diode |
| US9761790B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2017-09-12 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Stretch frame for stretching process |
| US9876160B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2018-01-23 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices |
| US11906067B2 (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2024-02-20 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Active valve shimming |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1274225A (en) * | 1968-11-14 | 1972-05-17 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Liquid fuel injection nozzle units |
| US3995813A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-12-07 | Bart Hans U | Piezoelectric fuel injector valve |
-
1998
- 1998-06-20 GB GB9813265A patent/GB2338513A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1274225A (en) * | 1968-11-14 | 1972-05-17 | Lucas Industries Ltd | Liquid fuel injection nozzle units |
| US3995813A (en) * | 1974-09-13 | 1976-12-07 | Bart Hans U | Piezoelectric fuel injector valve |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7320457B2 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 2008-01-22 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| US7537197B2 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2009-05-26 | Sri International | Electroactive polymer devices for controlling fluid flow |
| EP1233204A1 (en) * | 2001-02-14 | 2002-08-21 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and method for adjusting the pre-load of a spring |
| US6880769B2 (en) * | 2001-12-17 | 2005-04-19 | Caterpillar Inc | Electronically-controlled fuel injector |
| US6705588B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2004-03-16 | Caterpillar Inc | Piezoelectric valve system |
| US6739575B2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-05-25 | Caterpillar Inc | Piezoelectric valve system |
| WO2003104638A3 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2004-03-04 | Caterpillar Inc | Piezoelectic valve system |
| US6695283B2 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2004-02-24 | Caterpillar Inc | Piezoelectric valve system |
| WO2003104638A2 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Piezoelectic valve system |
| US9425383B2 (en) | 2007-06-29 | 2016-08-23 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Method of manufacturing electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications |
| US9231186B2 (en) | 2009-04-11 | 2016-01-05 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Electro-switchable polymer film assembly and use thereof |
| US9553254B2 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2017-01-24 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Automated manufacturing processes for producing deformable polymer devices and films |
| US9195058B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2015-11-24 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Electroactive polymer actuator lenticular system |
| US9876160B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2018-01-23 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Roll-to-roll manufacturing processes for producing self-healing electroactive polymer devices |
| US9761790B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2017-09-12 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Stretch frame for stretching process |
| US9590193B2 (en) | 2012-10-24 | 2017-03-07 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Polymer diode |
| US11906067B2 (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2024-02-20 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Active valve shimming |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9813265D0 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6234404B1 (en) | Fuel injector | |
| EP0559136B1 (en) | Fuel-injection device | |
| GB2338513A (en) | Fuel injector with variable force leaf spring | |
| US6837221B2 (en) | Fuel injector with feedback control | |
| US6253736B1 (en) | Fuel injector nozzle assembly with feedback control | |
| US5479902A (en) | Fuel injection system for a diesel engine | |
| US6513497B1 (en) | Fuel injection system for internal combustion engines | |
| US5938124A (en) | Positive-displacement-metering, electro-hydraulic fuel injection system | |
| US6276337B1 (en) | Common-rail fuel-injection system | |
| US6345606B1 (en) | Method for controlling fuel rail pressure using a piezoelectric actuated fuel injector | |
| US4530337A (en) | Fuel injection pump | |
| GB2321501A (en) | Piezoelectric injector for fuel injection systems of i.c. engines | |
| US6196472B1 (en) | Fuel Injector | |
| US6412706B1 (en) | Fuel injector | |
| EP0967386A2 (en) | Fuel injector | |
| US7406952B2 (en) | Method and device for controllling an injector | |
| GB2304814A (en) | I.c. engine fuel injection valve with piezostack actuation | |
| WO2010076645A1 (en) | High operation repeatability and stability fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine | |
| JP2006522899A (en) | Fuel injector with variable actuator stroke transducer | |
| EP0957261B1 (en) | Fuel system and pump suitable for use therein | |
| EP1845256B1 (en) | Fuel injector with adjustable metering servo-valve for an internal-combustion engine | |
| EP0995899A2 (en) | Piezoelectric actuator and fuel-injection apparatus using the actuator | |
| US7318417B2 (en) | Injection unit and injection method for an internal combustion engine | |
| EP0921302A2 (en) | Fuel injector | |
| EP0844383A2 (en) | Injector |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |