GB2335604A - Anaesthesia apparatus - Google Patents

Anaesthesia apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2335604A
GB2335604A GB9806523A GB9806523A GB2335604A GB 2335604 A GB2335604 A GB 2335604A GB 9806523 A GB9806523 A GB 9806523A GB 9806523 A GB9806523 A GB 9806523A GB 2335604 A GB2335604 A GB 2335604A
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circuit
anaesthesia
gases
linear circuit
patient
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GB9806523D0 (en
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Eugenio Brugna
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/01—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes specially adapted for anaesthetising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0078—Breathing bags
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/22—Carbon dioxide-absorbing devices ; Other means for removing carbon dioxide

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Anaesthesia apparatus which is suitable for use in administering inhalation anaesthetics to both adult and pediatric patients consists essentially of a linear circuit type of anaesthesia apparatus which is modified by providing means for recycling excess gases leaving the linear circuit part of the apparatus through an absorber of CO2 gas and resupplying the thus-treated gases to the linear circuit mixed with fresh gases as desired.

Description

This invention relates to anaesthesia apparatus, and in particular to
anaesthesia apparatus which is suitable for use in administering inhalation anaesthetics, to both adult and pediatric patients. At the same time, the invention is related with the cost-benefit of the anaesthesia.
2335604 ANAESTHESIA APPARATUS The type of circuit used in pediatric patients is usually described as a 1inear circuit", typical designs being those described as Mapleson D, Bain and Jackson-Rees. The particular advantages of linear circuits are their lightness and flexibility, low internal volume and simplicity. However, for adult patients, anaesthesia apparatus described as "circular circuits" are usually employed.
In pediatric anaesthesia and using any linear circuit, the fresh gas flow -oxygen, oxygen plus nitrous oxide, air-, varies between three to six litres per minute, whereas in a circular circuit the fresh gas flow varies between two to four litres per minute, except in the case of 9ow flow technique", where that flow per minute is 0.5 to one litre.
The amount of the fresh gas flows used is the fundamental determining factor of inhalation anaesthetics consumption.
Nowadays, Seyoflurane and Desfiurane -volatile anaesthetics-, are often not used in linear circuits because the high consumption, and they ire replaced by some of the not new anaesthetics -Halothane, Isoflurane-, which are less expensive.
Because of the expense of anaesthetics such as Seyoflurane and Desflurane, the idea of 1ow flow technique" has been promoted. However, this is not applicable to pedintric anaesthesia because 1ow flow technique" requires the use of a circular circuit -circuit with carbon dioxide adsorber-.
The applicant has discovered a solution to the above mentioned problems. The invention permits the simultaneous use of a linear circuit and a circular circuit to administer inhalation anaesthesia. The circular circuit with an active pumped flow of gas through itself, and at the same time, the linear circuit have similar characteristics to those actually in use linear circuits. The apparatus can be used in pediatric and adult anaesthesia. Spontaneous, manual or mechanical ventilation can be used.
It will be seen that the new anaesthetic apparatus or the invention, can be made as in ensemble of new pieces or by adaptation of a conventional linear circuit and a conventional circular circuit.
The new apparatus as designed above enables an anaesthetist to use it linear circuit, which is light, simple, has no directional valves, hygienic, inexpensive. In fact, is particularly suitable for pediatric anaesthesia, oral, neck or head surgery in adults or children. Further, it allows the use of a linear circuit with flows so low, that it is as much applicable to children as adults. As is known, usually in both cases with linear circuits the fresh gas flow is very high.
Furthermore, the heavy part of the anaesthesia machine do not necessarily need to he very near the head or the patient.
The new apparatus can be used in all general anaesthesia procedures, which means that once it is set up in the anaesthesia machine, there is no need to put in or take out parts, which furthermore, makes it safer to use.
Furthermore, the most remarkable characteristic of the new apparatus is: It recycles ventilatory gas mixture leaving the linear circuit Habitually, excess gas leaving the traditional linear circuit goes to the ambient air or to an scavenging system 7We new circuit recycles that gas through a canister containing some carbon dioxide adsorber 15 7Aen, thefree of carbon dioAcidi'gas re is pumped once again into the linear circuit 77zat gas mixture is composed by oxygen, water vapor oxygen plus nitrous oxide if used, and anaesthetic vapor -volatile anaesthetic---.
Just the linear circuit is in the hands of the anaesthetist and near the head of the 20 patient, all the other components or the new apparatus are on the anaesthesia machine.
Additionally, the new circuit allows the use of most of the parts of a conventional anaesthesia machine, such as flowmeters, vaporizers, ventilators and part of the conventional circuits if necessary.
The new apparatus minimizes contamination and avoids the cumulative dirt of conventional circular circuits. For those who so wish, it permits the use of the "low flow technique" or the "closed system" anaesthetic administration.
The invention and its different modalities will now be illustrated with reference to the particular arrangements, which are shown in the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1, like a glossary, represents in schemes those different parts related to the new apparatus and those adapted from the traditional artaesthesia machine.
Fig. 2, represents in diagrammatic form the classical linear and circular circuit, both as used for manual and mechanical ventilation of the patient's lung.
Fig. 3 to 8 inclusive show the six different modalities of the new apparatus -configuration and application-.
1 DEE1ELRLIST MQDA MODE: MVI) (Manual Ventilation, Distal Reservoir). (Fig. 3 with references in Fig. 1) Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided by the flowmeters and vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesib machine. There are two optional ways for the fresh gas flow (1413, 14A): a- to the canister (1) and b- to be mixed with the pumped flow (F3). The amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow is regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weight, period of the anaesthetic procedure, ventilation mode). When the optional direct way for fresh gas flow is applied (14A), flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh gas flow goes to the canister (1) using the another option (149) -the mixture is done into the canister-.
Spontaneous or manual ventilation of the patient's lungs (5) can be uted through the linear circuit as traditionally. Intermittent gas flow leaving the linear circuit (F4) through its manual pop-off valve (18), goes to the 3-way valve (19) using the connecting tube (3). At the 3-way valve (19), flow is divided in two difTerent ways: a- to the canister (1) suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the reservoir bag (11) and to the ambient air (21) through the automatic pop-off valve (9) (excess gas). Ventilator (20) is not included in this mode.
Inside the canister (1) the gaseous mixture leaves the carbon dioxide to the specific adsorber, resting gases are pumped to the new circuit flowmeter (7), and from it to the inlet (1) of the linear circuit.
MODE: AVDR (Automatic Ventilation, Distal Reservoir) (Fig. 4 with references in Fig. 1) Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided by the flowmeters and the vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesia machine. There are two optional ways for the fresh gas flow (1413, MA): a- to the canister (1) and b- to be mixed with the pumped flow (F3). The amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow is regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weight, period of the anaesthesia procedure, ventilation mode). When the optional direct way for fresh gas flow is applied (14A), flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh gas flow goes to the canister (1) using the another option (1413), -the mixture is done into the canister-.
Mechanical ventilation of the patient's lungs (5) can he used through the linear circuit as traditionally. The bag (10) of the linear circuit must be removed, and some 4 corrugated tube (3) connects that circuit with the 3-way valve. Manual pop-off valve (18) of the linear circuit must be closed all the time, or be excluded.
The 3-way valve position excludes the reservoir bog (11) and the automatic pop-off valve (9), and connects the ventilator (20).
During the expiratory time, flow leaving the linear circuit (F4) is divided in two different ways at the 3-way valve (19): a- to the canister (1) suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the ventilator (20). Excess gases are eliminated automatically 'through the ventilator's pop-off valve to the ambient air (21).
During the inspiratory time, flow from the ventilator (F5) is divided in two different ways at the 3-way valve (19): a- to the canister (1) suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the linear circuit through the connecting corrugated tube (3) - patient insuflation-.
Inside the canister (1) the gaseous mixture leaves the carbon dioxide, resting gases are pumped to the new circuit flowmeter (7), and from it to the inlet of the linear circuit (I).
MODE: MWC (Manual Ventilation, Traditional Circular).(Fig. 5 with references in Fig. 1).
Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided iS by the flowmeters and vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesia machine. There are two optional ways for the fresh gas flow (14B, 14A): a- to the canister of the traditional circular circuit (23A) and b- to be mixed with the pumped flow (F3). Thi amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow h regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weight, period of the anaesthesia procedure, ventilation mode).
When the optional direct way for fresh gas flow is applied (14A), flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh gas flow goes to the canister (23A) of the traditional circular circuit using the another option (1413) -the mixture is done into the canister---.
Spontaneous or manual ventilation of the patient's lungs (5) can be used through the linear circuit as traditionally. Intermittent gas flow leaving the linear circuit (F4) through its manual pop-off valve (18), goes to the 3-way valve (19) using the connecting tube (3). At the 3-way valve (19), flow is divided in two difTerent ways: a- to the canister of the traditional circular circuit (23A) suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the reservoir bag (11) and to the ambient air (21) through the automatic pop-off valve (9) (excess gas). Ventilator (20) is not included in this mode.
Inside the canister (23A) of the traditional circular circuit, the gaseous mixture leaves the carbon dioxide, resting gases flow through the one way inspiratory valve (23Q and are pumped to the new circuit flowmeter (7), and rrom it to the inlet of the linear circuit (1).
The inlet for expiratory gas (23F) of the traditional circular circuit must be plugged, and its manual pop-off valve (23E) closed all the time. The fresh gas flow inlet (23B) of the traditional circular circuit must be plugged when option 14A is being used. The one way expiratory valve (23D) remains inactive all the time.
MODE: AVT (Automatic Ventilation, Traditional Circular)(Fig. 6 with rererences in Fig. 1).
Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided by the flowmeters and the vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesia machine. There are two optional ways ror the fresh gas flow (14B, MA): &- to the canister of the traditional circular circuit (23A) and b- to be mixed with the pumped flow (F3). The amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow is regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weigh, period or the anaesthesia procedure, ventilation mode). When the optional direct way for the fresh gas flow is applied (14A).
flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of the fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh gas flow goes to the canister (23A) of the traditional circular circuit using the another option (14B) - the mixture is done into the canister-.
Mechanical ventilation of the patient's lungs (5) can be used through the linear circuit as traditionally. The bag (10) of the linear circuit must be removed, and some corrugated tube (3) connects that circuit to the 3-way valve (19). Manual pop-off valve (18) of the linear circuit must be dosed all the time, or be excluded.
The 3-way valve position excludes the reservoir bag (11) and automatic pop-off valve (9), and connects the ventilator (20).
During the expiratory.time, flow leaving the linear circuit (F4) is divided in two different ways at the 3-way valve (19): &- to the traditional canister (23A) suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the ventilator (20). Excess gases are eliminated automatically through the ventilator's pop-off valve to the ambient air (21).
During the inspiratory time, flow (F5) from the ventilator (20) is divided in two difTerent ways at the 3-wity valve (19): it- to the canister (23A) of the traditional circular circuit suctioned by the pump (6) and b- to the linear circuit -patient insuflation (5)-.
Inside the traditional canister the gaseous mixture leaves the carbon dioxide, resting gases flow through the one way inspiratory valve (A.3Q and are pumped to the new circuit flowmeter (7), and from it to the inlet ofthe linear circuit (1).
i 1 6 The inlet for expiratory gas (23F) of the traditional circular circuit must be plugged, and its manual pop-off valve (23E) closed all the time. The fresh gas flow inlet (23B) of the traditional circular circuit must be plugged when option 14A is being used. The one way expiratory valve (23D) remains inactive all the time.
MODE: MVCC (Manual Ventilation, Continuous Circulation)(Fig. 7 with references in Fig. 1).
Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided by the flowmeters and vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesia machine. There are two optional ways for the fresh gas flow (14B, MA): &to the canister (1) and b- to be mixed with the pumped flow (F3). The amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow is regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weight, period of the anaesthesia procedure, ventilation mode). When the optional direct way for the fresh gas flow is applied (14A), flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of the fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh gas flow goes to the canister (1) using the another option (14B) -the mixture is done into the canister.
Spontaneous or manual ventilation of the patient's lungs (5) can be used through the linear circuit as traditionally. An additional "T" piece (T) is located near the manual pop-off valve (18) of the linear circuit Intermittent gas flow leaves the linear circuit -excess gas- through its manual pop-off valve (18), and goes to the ambient air (21) or to an scavenging system. A tube (3) connects "T" piece of the linear circuit to the canister (I).
All the time, ventilatory gas is leaving the linear circuit through the "T" piece (1) -suctioned to the canister by the pump-. Inside the canister (1) the gaseou3 mixture leaves the carbon dioxide, resting gases are pumped to the new ciduit flowmeter (7), and from it to the inlet of the linear circuit (1).
MODE: AVCC (Automatic Ventilation, Continuous Circulation)(Fig. 8 with references in Fig. 1).
Fresh gas flow (F2) (oxygen, oxygen-nitrous oxide, anaesthetic vapor) is provided by the flowmeters and vaporizer (21) belonging to the anaesthesia machine. There are wo optional ways for the fresh gas flow (14B, MA): ato the canister (1) and b- to the mixed with the pumped flow (F3). The amount of the fresh gas flow and the pumped flow is regulated by the anaesthetist according to the patient necessities (body weight, period of the anaesthesia procedure, ventilation mode). When the optional direct way for the fresh gas flow is applied (14A), flow entering to the linear circuit (F1) is the mix of the fresh gas flow (F2) and the pumped gas (F3), and just the pumped gas (F3) if fresh 7 gas flow goes to the canister (1) using the another option (1413) -the mixture is done into the canister-.
An additional "T" piece (T) is located near the manual p-op-ofT valve (18) of the linear circuit. A tube (3) connects the "T" piece of the linear circuit to the canister (1).
Continuous ventilatory gas is leaving the linear circuit through the "T" piece M -suctioned to the canister by the pump-. Inside the canister (1) the gaseous mixture leaves de carbon dioxide, resting gases are pumped to the new circuit flowmeter (7 and from it to the inlet of the linear circuit (I).
Mechanical ventilation. of the patient's lungs can be used through the linear circuit as traditionally. The bag (10) of the linear circuit must be removed, and some corrugated tube (Cl) connects the circuit with the ventilator (20). Manual pop-off valve of the linear circuit (18) must be dosed &B the time, or be excluded.
is 8

Claims (6)

-CLAIMS
1. Anaesthesia apparatus which is suitable for use in administering inhalation anaesthetics to both adult and pediatric patients which consists essentially of a linear circuit type of anaesthesia apparatus which is modified by providing means for recycling excess gases leaving the linear circuit part of the apparatus through an absorber of CO 2 gas and resupplying the thus-treated gases to the linear circuit mixed with fresh gases as desired.
2. Anaesthesia apparatus as claimed in claim 1 which apparatus comprises connecting gas conduits and is valves whereby, in addition to permitting natural respiration of the patient, the apparatus provides means for both manual ventilation by an anaesthetist and mechanical ventilation, the apparatus further including means for recycling the exhaled gases for mixing with fresh gases for supply to the patient but having no essential directional flow valve in the recycling circuit, said means for manual ventilation comprising a manually squeezable bag which is connected to the conduit for conveying exhaled gases from the patient by means of a manually operable valve which can be operated to keep open or to close the exhaled gases conduit, as desired, said means for manual ventilation also comprising means for isolating the bag from said exhaled gases conduit, said means for manual ventilation being so positioned in the exhaled gases conduit as to permit management by the anaesthetist of both the mask or such other means which are used to administer the gaseous anaesthetic orally to the patient, and also the manual ventilation means.
- 9
3. Anaesthesia apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein said manually operable valve and said isolating means are combined in a single manually operable mechanism.
4. Anaesthesia apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 when made by adapting a conventional circular anaesthetic circui
5. Anaesthetic apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 which is made by adaptation of a conventional linear anaesthetic circuit such as one according to the designs known as Mapleson D, JacksonRees or Bain.
6. Anaesthetic apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
GB9806523A 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Anaesthesia apparatus Withdrawn GB2335604A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9806523A GB2335604A (en) 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Anaesthesia apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9806523A GB2335604A (en) 1998-03-26 1998-03-26 Anaesthesia apparatus

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GB9806523D0 GB9806523D0 (en) 1998-05-27
GB2335604A true GB2335604A (en) 1999-09-29

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008003300A1 (en) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 F. Stephan Gmbh Medizintechnik Respiratory device, and method for the operation thereof
EP3536369A1 (en) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-11 Löwenstein Medical Technology S.A. Respiratory apparatus with switching valve

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2029703A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-03-26 Miller D Control member anaesthesia apparatus
US4552141A (en) * 1983-04-09 1985-11-12 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Anesthetic respiratory system
EP0592381A1 (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-04-13 Ove Mentell Anaesthesia apparatus
US5471979A (en) * 1990-05-03 1995-12-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the reuse of anesthetic gases in inhalation anesthesia with specific size and position of CO2 absorber
WO1996036385A1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-11-21 Jacob & Allard Ab Anaesthesia breathing circuits
EP0745405A1 (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-04 Siemens-Elema AB Anaesthetic system
WO1997010020A1 (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-20 Datex-Engström Ab A method and a device in anaesthetic systems

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2029703A (en) * 1978-09-07 1980-03-26 Miller D Control member anaesthesia apparatus
US4552141A (en) * 1983-04-09 1985-11-12 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Anesthetic respiratory system
US5471979A (en) * 1990-05-03 1995-12-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for the reuse of anesthetic gases in inhalation anesthesia with specific size and position of CO2 absorber
EP0592381A1 (en) * 1992-10-07 1994-04-13 Ove Mentell Anaesthesia apparatus
WO1996036385A1 (en) * 1995-05-15 1996-11-21 Jacob & Allard Ab Anaesthesia breathing circuits
EP0745405A1 (en) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-04 Siemens-Elema AB Anaesthetic system
WO1997010020A1 (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-20 Datex-Engström Ab A method and a device in anaesthetic systems

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008003300A1 (en) * 2006-07-05 2008-01-10 F. Stephan Gmbh Medizintechnik Respiratory device, and method for the operation thereof
EP3536369A1 (en) * 2018-03-08 2019-09-11 Löwenstein Medical Technology S.A. Respiratory apparatus with switching valve
US11351333B2 (en) 2018-03-08 2022-06-07 Loewenstein Medical Technology S.A. Ventilator with switching valve

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