GB2333724A - Porous film or material - Google Patents
Porous film or material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2333724A GB2333724A GB9802068A GB9802068A GB2333724A GB 2333724 A GB2333724 A GB 2333724A GB 9802068 A GB9802068 A GB 9802068A GB 9802068 A GB9802068 A GB 9802068A GB 2333724 A GB2333724 A GB 2333724A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- film
- material according
- discrete areas
- flaps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010382 chemical cross-linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005495 cold plasma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQIJRJNHZYUQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(phenyl)diazene Chemical compound C=CN=NC1=CC=CC=C1 IQIJRJNHZYUQSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
- A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
- A61F13/01008—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/01—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings
- A61F13/01034—Non-adhesive bandages or dressings characterised by a property
- A61F13/01046—Air-vapor permeability
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
- A61F13/51305—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability having areas of different permeability
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D33/00—Details of, or accessories for, sacks or bags
- B65D33/01—Ventilation or drainage of bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
- B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41B—SHIRTS; UNDERWEAR; BABY LINEN; HANDKERCHIEFS
- A41B2400/00—Functions or special features of shirts, underwear, baby linen or handkerchiefs not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A41B2400/22—Breathability, i.e. being vapour permeable and waterproof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/00246—Wound bandages in a special way pervious to air or vapours
- A61F2013/00255—Wound bandages in a special way pervious to air or vapours with pores
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00544—Plasters form or structure
- A61F2013/00553—Plasters form or structure with detachable parts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00855—Plasters pervious to air or vapours
- A61F2013/00863—Plasters pervious to air or vapours with pores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/728—Hydrophilic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2535/00—Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses, catheter
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
A film or material which automatically controls its porous properties in relation to changes in its local environment comprises either two layers having different fluid absorption properties or a layer 1 having discrete surface areas 2 of different fluid absorption property. The film or material is cut to provide flaps 4a - 4d therethrough, so that the strain difference caused by the different absorption properties causes the flaps to bend and form openings. The discrete areas 2 are produced by attaching material or by treating with plasma, chemicals or radiation. Uses include clothing, bandages, wound dressings, food wrapping, tents and cloches.
Description
SMART POROUS FILM OR NATERIAL The present invention relates to smart films and materials particularly those which can modify their porous properties.
When covering objects with a protective film or material it is often desirable for the film or material to be capable of allowing fluids, such as liquids and gases, to pass from the object through the film or material to the surrounding environment.
Examples of this requirement can be found particularly in clothing where a variety of Moisture Vapour Permeable (MVP) materials are known which allow water vapour to pass through the garment thus removing a proportion of the sweat generated by a wearer. These materials are also widely used in the medical field in the form of bandages and dressings. Also known are materials such as Stomatex (RTM) which is a rubber material having a number of perforations spread throughout the material. The material has pockets below each perforation configured so as to allow a local build-up of vapour pressure before allowing the gases through. In both the clothing and medical uses these materials perform their specific function but are limited in that they can only remove gases and vapours and have a limited performance which is constant and does not change in response to environmental changes. Thus under extreme conditions the material will not be able to function satisfactorily.
An aim of the present invention is to provide a smart porous film or material which automatically controls its porous properties in relation to changes in its local environment thus allowing fluids to pass through the film or material in a controlled fashion.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a smart film or material comprising at least two layers having different fluid absorption properties wherein all the layers are cut so as to provide a plurality of close fitting flaps through the film or material such that any strain differences between the layers caused by their different fluid absorption properties will cause the flaps to bend providing a plurality of openings in the layer.
As an alternative, the present invention also provides a smart film or material comprising a layer, a surface of which has discrete areas which have fluid absorption properties different to the rest of the layer wherein the discrete areas and the layer which they cover are cut so as to provide a plurality of close fitting flaps through the film or material such that any strain difference between the discrete areas and the layer which they cover, caused by their different fluid absorption properties, will cause the flaps to bend thus providing an opening in the layer.
The bending of the flaps is a result of the layers having different affinities for a fluid in the local atmosphere or the discrete areas having a different affinity for a fluid than layer which they cover.
One example of this effect is where a discrete area has different hydrophilic properties to the layer it covers or the layers have different hydrophilic properties to each other.
In a more specific example a discrete area could be arranged to take in more water or water vapour from the local atmosphere than the layer which it covers it then expands causing a strain difference between it and the layer which it covers. This strain difference causes the flaps to bend in the most energetically favourable direction.
The advantage of the above is that a film or material whose porosity can change in a controlled manner in response to changes in its local environment is provided.
In use the layer or one of the layers can be substantially impermeable such that fluids cannot pass through the film or material except via the openings caused through the film or material. Alternatively the layer or one of the layers can be permeable, in such an embodiment the amount of fluid which can pass through the film or material is increased or decreased by the opening or closing of the flaps through the film or material.
Advantageously one of the layers can be made of a polymer fibre with increased fluid absorption properties such as a polyethylene oxide macromolecular polymer covered by nylon such as Hygra .
The discrete areas can be produced in the form of materials individually deposited on a surface of the layer, possibly using some form of chemical bond, by a printing process such as dot printing, by transfer coating or spread coating or by any other means which is capable of accurately depositing small amounts of a material on a surface. Alternatively the discrete areas can be produced by an etching process whereby a further layer is attached to the surface of the layer and areas of the further layer are etched away to leave the discrete areas.
The discrete areas deposited on a surface of the layer can be a hydrophilic gel or gel mixture or other suitable material. Such materials may contain, singly or in combination, polyvinyl alcohol, partially hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), polyethylene glycol, ethoxylated polyethylene glycol, polysiloxane, ethoxylated polysiloxane, poly(acrylic acid),copolymers of acrylic acid, poly(Nisopropylacrylamide), poly(2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid), collagen, gelatin, pectin, starch, in each case optionally cross-linked by incorporation of an appropriate physical crosslinking agent, e.g. borax, or chemical cross-linking agent, e.g. ethylene-bis-acrylamide, and suitable catalysts, e.g. lactic acid, or free radical initiators, e.g. azo-bis-isobutyronitrile, and compatible vegetable or mineral fillers, as has all been described in literature regarding such materials.
The discrete areas can also be formed by locally modifying the layers fluid absorption properties thus avoiding the need to bond the discrete areas to the layer this can be done by plasma treating a surface of the layer or by treating a surface of the layer with chemicals or radiation. For example, exposing a material composed of an uncrosslinked polymer to a source of high energy radiation (such as UV light or gamma rays) or ionic particles (such as a plasma) it is possible to form crosslinks between the polymer molecules. If the initial starting material is hydrophilic it will be made more hydrophobic by this treatment and the material may also become stiffer.
Advantageously the discrete areas can be only a few millimetres in diameter and can be dispersed over the entire layer, or in specific locations of the layer, in a density defined by the level of porosity required of the film or material. The size of the discrete areas will in practice be limited by manufacturing techniques and the ability to make accurate, small cuts through the film or material.
Obviously larger discrete areas can be provided should large openings be required such as would be needed to allow liquids instead of gases to pass through the film or material.
The cutting of the flaps is preferably done so as to form a plurality of flaps which are located in a close fitting arrangement, i.e. the amount of material removed during cutting should be kept to a minimum. This is advantageous as it aims to maintain as much of the properties of the uncut film or material as is possible. Usefully this can be done using laser or punching techniques.
Any number of close fitting flaps can be provided at a single location in the film or material however a minimum of 3 flaps will allow the flaps to bend easily providing an opening. Further flaps would increase the size of opening produced at each location, however, the cutting procedure increases in complexity, and the amount of material removed will be increased, as more cuts are needed. The removal of more material will increasingly affect the overall properties of the film or material when the flaps are closed.
An additional improvement of the invention can be obtained by causing a further discrete area which has fluid absorption properties different to the rest of the layer to be formed, which individually surrounds some or all of the discrete areas and is disposed from the discrete area it surrounds. This can be done in the form of a hoop. When the environment adjacent to a further discrete area changes the strain differences between the layer and the further discrete area as a result of their different fluid absorption properties, causes a pocket or bulge to form in the film or material. Provision of a pocket or bulge beneath the opening formed by the flaps may improve the efficiency of the proposed system. For example, when the pocket or bulge is formed the concentration of a gas, such as water vapour, could be allowed to build up to high levels before the flaps formed in the discrete area are caused, as a result of strain differences between the layers of the flap, to bend thus forming an opening.
Once the opening has formed gas exchange between the pocket or bulge and the environment can occur by a process of diffusion.
Diffusion is driven by concentration gradients and as such this process of gas exchange is increased by the high concentration of gas in the pocket or bulge and would quickly reduce the level of gas inside the chamber thus allowing the flaps to close. This also reduces the amount of time that the flaps are required to be open.
A film or material according to the present invention can be used in a variety of applications. These applications include use in clothing, medical applications, food wrappings and structures such as tents and garden cloches.
When in use as a clothing material the material can be arranged to have a predetermined porosity which will be capable of being increased by the opening of the flaps in response to changes in the local environment caused by the actions of the wearer. This could possibly be as a result of an increase in the workload of the wearer causing the wearer to become hotter thus requiring an increased amount of fluid, either in the form of moisture vapour or sweat, to be removed from the body. This opening of the flaps could be arranged to occur as a response to an average level of fluid absorption in the film or material or only to occur at extreme levels to reduce heat stress under heavy exertion.
Medical uses of a film or material according to the present invention include uses in bandages or dressings for wounds where it is desirable to either keep the covered area dry or allow gases to escape from the covered area. Again a film or material could be arranged such that the flaps open under average conditions or the flaps could be arranged to open only under extreme conditions.
Uses as food wraps are similar to the medical uses where food needs either to be kept dry or free from a build up of gases.
Particular uses in food wraps are where the film or material absorbs gases naturally emitted from the food causing pores to open and thus allowing the gases to be released.
When used in structures such as tents or garden cloches the film or material can prevent the build up of condensation on the inside of the structure or it can allow gases given off from within the structure to escape.
As stated the film or material will be made more porous by the cuts made in it, even when the resulting flaps are closed, unless these cuts can be made to be so close fitting so as to render them impermeable or the cuts are made under tension such that when released the flaps are in close contact with each other. As such the smart film or material may be required to be combined with further materials, possibly using moisture vapour permeable materials or tufted, embedded or woven hairs or fibres, to provide the required overall properties. Another material which could be used is a fur-mimetic material acting as an outer layer to provide protection from rain.
The following are, by way of example only, four examples of methods of manufacturing materials in accordance with the present invention:
Example 1
A 2x2 200 gsm polyester plainweave fabric is passed through a solution of primer and after drying is stippled with a jet printer dot paste coating and immediately contacted with a powder comprising a 1:1 dry blend of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid, pressure being applied by a heated roll at 170 deg C.
The resulting 5mm diameter adhered disks are present at a surface density of two per square centimetre in a regular grid pattern.
The fabric is subsequently passed intermittently through the work zone of a focused and collimated indexing Carbon Dioxide laser which irradiates each disk area in turn producing cruciform slots each 0.3mm in width and 3mm in length through the disk area.
Example 2
A previously degreased 300gsm polyester cored cotton plainweave fabric is passed through the Nitrogen atmosphere work zone of an indexed scanning electron beam (300KeV, 15mA) traversing the full width of fabric at a lateral sweep velocity of 25m/min.
Acrylic Acid is sprayed onto one side of the fabric in striated zones and the fabric passed through a drying oven at 100 deg C with a residence time of 10 minutes followed by cooling to room temperature over a further 10 minutes with fan assist.
The add on weight of polyacrylic acid is 200 gsm in the areas treated.
The fabric is subsequently punched with a cruciform pattern in the region of the striations only to give a pore density of one pore per square centimetre, the pores being 5mm long in each orthogonal direction.
Example 3
A previously degreased 300gsm polyester cored cotton plainweave fabric is activated by electron beam exposure in selected zones and is then fully coated with N-vinylpyrrolidone containing 0.5% by weight of N.N-mythylene-bis-acrylamide. The fabric could also be activated chemically by treatment with any of peroxydisulphuric acid, chromic acid, ferric chloride/hydrogen peroxide or peroxyacetic acid.
The fabric is passed through a ventilated drying oven at 70 degrees C with residence time of 10 minutes followed by a further 10 minutes cooling with fan assist.
The fabric is then passed through a water bath with agitation to dissolves away the unfixed coating leaving a fabric having poly(Nvinylpyrrolidone) coating (200gsm) in irradiated zones only.
The fabric is then punched to form cruciform cuts.
Example 4
An A4 specimen of 60gsm microfibre polyester woven fabric is laid on foil and the exposed surface treated for 10 minutes in a cold plasma barrel reactor with a maintained rarefied atmosphere of nitrogen containing 20% v/v N-vinylpyrrolidone (0.05 Torr) excited by a 100W microwave field (433MHz).
The polyester fabric is then exposed to a scanning and indexing
C02 laser to receive cruciform cuts.
The textile has become hydrophilic on one side, while remaining hydrophobic on the other.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein
Fig 1. Shows a plan view of a smart porous material according to the present invention, the stippled areas indicating the smart discrete areas of the material.
Fig 2. Shows a section A-A through the material shown in figure 1.
Fig 3. Shows the same cross section as in figure 2 following opening of the flaps.
Fig 4. Shows a plan view of an improved smart porous material according to the present invention, the stippled areas indicating the smart discrete areas of the material.
Fig 5. Shows a section B-B through the material shown in figure 4.
Fig 6. Shows the same cross section as in figure 5 following formation of the pocket and opening of the flaps.
A smart porous material according to the present invention is shown in figure 1 and comprises a layer (1), on which is arranged humidity sensitive discrete areas (2) which have different hydrophilic properties to the layer. These areas can be produced by plasma treatment of specific areas of the layer. Thus changing the hydrophilic properties of a relatively thin area (2) at the surface of the layer (1). The humidity sensitive discrete areas are arranged and sized so as to fit as many discrete areas on the layer as is required to give the necessary porous properties. Each discrete area and the layer beneath it is then cut, using laser techniques in the form of a cross (3), thus providing 4 flaps (4 a, b, c & d), two of which are shown in cross section in figure 2.
When the humidity of the environment adjacent to a humidity sensitive discrete area increases the flaps will be caused to bend due to the strain differences caused by the different hydrophilic properties of the layer and discrete area, as shown in figure 3, thus causing an opening(5) to be formed in the material and causing the material as a whole to become more porous. When the humidity of the environment adjacent to the same discrete area decreases it will cause the flaps to straighten thus closing the opening and causing the material as a whole to become less porous, as shown in figure 2.
An improvement of the invention can be obtained by causing a further humidity sensitive discrete area (6), as shown in figures 4 and 5, to be formed in a hoop outside some or all of the discrete areas (2). As shown in figure 6, when the humidity of the environment adjacent to a further discrete area increases the strain differences between the layer (1) and further discrete area (6), as a result of their different hydrophilic properties, causes a pocket (7) as well as the hole (5) to form in the material thus increasing the overall materials ability to transfer moisture.
The hole (5) and the pocket (7) can be arranged to form at a similar humidity level or at different humidity levels.
Claims (16)
- CLAIMS 1. A smart film or material comprising at least two layers having different fluid absorption properties wherein all the layers are cut so as to provide a plurality of close fitting flaps through the film or material such that any strain differences between the layers caused by their different fluid absorption properties will cause the flaps to bend providing a plurality of openings in the layer.
- 2. A smart film or material comprising a layer, a surface of which has discrete areas which have fluid absorption properties different to the rest of the layer wherein the discrete areas and the layer which they cover are cut so as to provide a plurality of close fitting flaps through the film or material such that any strain difference between the discrete areas and the layer which they cover, caused by their different fluid absorption properties, will cause the flaps to bend thus providing an opening in the layer.
- 3. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein the discrete areas are produced by attaching a material having different fluid absorption properties to the layer to the surface of the layer.
- 4. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein the discrete areas are areas of the layer which have been plasma treated or treated with chemicals or radiation so as to modify their fluid absorption properties.
- 5. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein the discrete areas are provided by a printing process.
- 6. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein the discrete areas are provided by an etching process.
- 7. A smart film or material according to any of the preceding claims wherein the discrete areas and the layer which they cover or all the layers are cut using a laser or a punch.
- 8. A smart film or material according to any of the preceding claims wherein the discrete areas and the layer which they cover or all the layers are cut so as to provide at least 3 close fitting flaps through the film or material.
- 9. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein at least some of the discrete areas are individually surrounded by a further discrete area which has fluid absorption properties different to the rest of the layer, the further discrete area being disposed from the discrete area which it surrounds.
- 10. A smart film or material according to claim 9 wherein at least one of the further discrete areas is provided in the form of a hoop.
- 11. A smart film or material according to any of the preceding claims wherein the layer or one of the layers is substantially impermeable.
- 12. A smart film or material according to any of the preceding claims wherein the layer or one of the layers is permeable.
- 13. A smart film or material according to any of the preceding claims which forms one element of a multi-element textile.
- 14. A smart film or material according to claim 1 wherein the layers have different hydrophilic properties to each other.
- 15. A smart film or material according to claim 2 wherein the layer and the discrete areas have different hydrophilic properties.
- 16. A smart film or material as hereinbefore described with reference to the figures 1 to 3 or figures 4 to 6.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9802068A GB2333724B (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1998-01-30 | Smart porous film or material |
PCT/GB1999/001470 WO2000068003A1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-05-10 | Smart porous film or material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9802068A GB2333724B (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1998-01-30 | Smart porous film or material |
PCT/GB1999/001470 WO2000068003A1 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1999-05-10 | Smart porous film or material |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9802068D0 GB9802068D0 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
GB2333724A true GB2333724A (en) | 1999-08-04 |
GB2333724B GB2333724B (en) | 2002-07-17 |
Family
ID=26313043
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9802068A Revoked GB2333724B (en) | 1998-01-30 | 1998-01-30 | Smart porous film or material |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2333724B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000068003A1 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2399557A (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-22 | Hoi Bun Lau | Packaging through which substances can diffuse |
WO2005039470A1 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article with breathable backsheet comprising occluding fluid passageways |
WO2008069711A1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | An absorbent article containing a breathable material layer |
US7437774B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-10-21 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a zoned modifiable textile structure |
US7754626B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2010-07-13 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a modifiable textile structure |
US20120277701A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Keith Joseph Stone | Formed Web Comprising Chads |
US9700077B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2017-07-11 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel with variable air permeability |
US20200214897A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-07-09 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Wound dressings and systems with high-flow therapeutic gas sources for topical wound therapy and related methods |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8187984B2 (en) | 2006-06-09 | 2012-05-29 | Malden Mills Industries, Inc. | Temperature responsive smart textile |
US8389100B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2013-03-05 | Mmi-Ipco, Llc | Temperature responsive smart textile |
JP2008057099A (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2008-03-13 | Mmi-Ipco Llc | Temperature responsive smart textile |
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EP0122085A1 (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1984-10-17 | Smith and Nephew Associated Companies p.l.c. | Dressing |
GB2254044A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-09-30 | British Tech Group | Material having a passage therethrough |
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US5397316A (en) * | 1993-06-25 | 1995-03-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Slitted absorbent members for aqueous body fluids formed of expandable absorbent materials |
US5741564A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 1998-04-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Stretch-activated container |
US5865824A (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-02-02 | Chen; Fung-Jou | Self-texturing absorbent structures and absorbent articles made therefrom |
US5873868A (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-02-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article having a topsheet that includes selectively openable and closable openings |
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1998
- 1998-01-30 GB GB9802068A patent/GB2333724B/en not_active Revoked
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EP0122085A1 (en) * | 1983-04-06 | 1984-10-17 | Smith and Nephew Associated Companies p.l.c. | Dressing |
GB2254044A (en) * | 1991-03-25 | 1992-09-30 | British Tech Group | Material having a passage therethrough |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2399557A (en) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-09-22 | Hoi Bun Lau | Packaging through which substances can diffuse |
WO2005039470A1 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2005-05-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article with breathable backsheet comprising occluding fluid passageways |
US8726414B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2014-05-20 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a zoned modifiable textile structure |
US7437774B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2008-10-21 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a zoned modifiable textile structure |
US7754626B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2010-07-13 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a modifiable textile structure |
US9700077B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2017-07-11 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel with variable air permeability |
US10123580B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2018-11-13 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a zoned modifiable textile structure |
US11076651B2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2021-08-03 | Nike, Inc. | Article of apparel incorporating a zoned modifiable textile structure |
WO2008069711A1 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | An absorbent article containing a breathable material layer |
US9402772B2 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2016-08-02 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article containing a breathable material layer |
US20120277701A1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | Keith Joseph Stone | Formed Web Comprising Chads |
US9724245B2 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2017-08-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Formed web comprising chads |
US20200214897A1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-07-09 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Wound dressings and systems with high-flow therapeutic gas sources for topical wound therapy and related methods |
US11547611B2 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2023-01-10 | Kci Licensing, Inc. | Wound dressings and systems with high-flow therapeutic gas sources for topical wound therapy and related methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9802068D0 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
GB2333724B (en) | 2002-07-17 |
WO2000068003A1 (en) | 2000-11-16 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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773K | Patent revoked under sect. 73(2)/1977 |
Free format text: PATENT REVOKED ON 20050415 |