GB2332105A - Power supply with rechargeable battery and DC/DC converters - Google Patents
Power supply with rechargeable battery and DC/DC converters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2332105A GB2332105A GB9725565A GB9725565A GB2332105A GB 2332105 A GB2332105 A GB 2332105A GB 9725565 A GB9725565 A GB 9725565A GB 9725565 A GB9725565 A GB 9725565A GB 2332105 A GB2332105 A GB 2332105A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- voltage
- power supply
- battery
- during
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
- H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
- H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
Abstract
During a battery recharge mode an adapter 13 converts an external AC voltage into a DC voltage from which a DC/DC converter 20 provides a charging voltage for recharging a battery 12, and during an operational mode the battery 12 supplies a first load 30 via a DC/DC converter 10 and a second load 40 via the DC/DC converter 20. The DC/DC converter 20 thus has a dual role, whereby the number of DC/DC converters required can be reduced compared to a prior arrangement (Fig. 1). DC/DC converter 20 acts as a down-converter during the recharge mode and as an up-converter during the operational mode. During the recharge mode, current and voltage control signals are applied to the DC/DC converter 20 by a recharging control circuit 11 which senses battery voltage and current. A switch 80 allows the second load 40 to be powered via the DC/DC converter 10 during the recharge mode. During the operational mode switches 50 and 70 are closed and switches 60 and 80 are open, and during the recharge mode switches 60 and 80 are closed and switches 50 and 70 are open. The switches 50, 60, 70 and 80 may be controlled by a microprocessor according to activation/deactivation of AC/DC adapter 13. Altemativly, switches 60 and 80 may be NMOS transistors, and switches 50 and 70 may be PMOS transistors with gates driven directly by the output of adapter 13.
Description
1 POWER SUPPLY 2332105 Backqround to the Invention The present invention
relates to a power supply for use in portable terminals.
Fig. 1 illustrates a conventional power supply for use in a portable terminal. The conventional power supply includes a rechargeable battery 12, DC/DC (DC-to-DC) converters 10, 14, 20 and an adapter 13. During a battery re-charge mode, the adapter 13 converts an AC voltage from an external source into a DC voltage. The third DC/DC converter 14 converts the DC voltage supplied by the adapter 13 into a charging voltage. The charging voltage is provided to the rechargeable battery 12 via a resistor R and a diode D1 to recharge the rechargeable battery 12.
The conventional power supply also includes a charging control circuit 11. During the battery recharge mode, the charging control circuit senses the voltage of the rechargeable battery 12 and the charging current flowing via the resistor R, to generate a voltage control signal and a current control signal. The voltage and current control signals are provided to the third DC/DC converter 14, which controls the charging voltage and the charging current it outputs in response to these control signals.
The first and second DC/DC converters 10 and 20 provide first and second loads 30 and 40 respectively with independent supply voltages. For example, if the first load of the portable terminal has an operating voltage of 5V and the second load 40 has an operating voltage of 3V, the first and second DC/DC converters 10 and 20 would convert the voltage output from the rechargeable battery 12 into supply voltages of 5V and 3V, respectively.
The conventional arrangement described above suffers from 2 the drawback of a costly and Complex structure. The complexity of the structure increases the size of the power supply, which is undesirable if the power supply is to be used with a portable terminal. Accordingly, there exists a need for a simple and compact power supply suitable for use with a portable terminal.
Summary of the Invention Accordingly, the present invention provides a power supply for supplying power to first and second independent loads comprising:
a rechargeable battery for generating voltage; a battery a first converter coupled to the battery for converting the battery voltage into a supply voltage, the first converter being adapted to provide a supply voltage to the first load during an operational mode; and a second converter coupled to the battery, adapted to convert the battery voltage into a supply voltage and provide the supply voltage to the second load during the operational mode and adapted to convert an external voltage into a charging voltage and provide the charging voltage to the rechargeable battery during a battery recharge mode.
Such a power supply advantageously does not use an independent converter for recharging the battery and thereby reduces the size and complexity of the power supply.
In a preferred embodiment, the first converter is adapted to provide a supply voltage to both the first and second loads during the battery recharge mode.
A power supply according to the present invention may 35 further comprise an adapter coupled to the second converter for converting an external AC voltage into a DC voltage and adapted to provide the DC voltage to the second converter during the battery recharge mode.
3 Preferably, the power supply also includes a resistor and diode connected in series, through which the charging voltage generated by the second converter is provided to the rechargeable battery during the battery recharge mode.
To monitor the recharging of the battery, the power supply may further comprise a charging control circuit coupled to the second converter and the battery, for generating control signals which depend on the charging voltage generated by the second converter and adapted to provide the control signals to the second converter during the battery recharge mode.
Preferably, the charging control circuit is coupled to the second converter and the battery and connected in parallel with the resistor and diode and generates control signals which depend on the charging voltage generated by the second converter and is adapted to provide the control signals to the second converter during the battery recharge mode.
It is also preferred that the charging control circuit is adapted to sense the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the current passing through the resistor to generate a voltage control signal and a current control signal during the battery recharge mode.
Preferably, the charging control circuit is activated by the flow of current through the resistor during the battery recharge mode.
In a preferred embodiment, the second converter is adapted to control its voltage output in accordance with the control signals.
Preferably, the power supply further comprises first switching means for connecting the first converter to the second load during the operational mode. The first switching means may comprise a first switch positioned 4 between the first converter and the second load.
Preferably, the power supply also includes second switching means for coupling the second converter to the second load during an operational mode and connecting it to the adapter during the battery recharge mode. The second switching means may comprise a second switch positioned between the second converter and the second load and a third switch connected between the second converter and the adapter.
It is also preferred that third switching means are provided for controlling the activation of the recharging control circuit. The third switching means may comprise a fourth switch connected in parallel with the diode and resistors.
Preferably, the switching means of the present invention comprise MOS transistors.
It is also preferred that the switching means are controlled in accordance with the supply of an external voltage to the power supply.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a conventional power supply; and 30 Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a power supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of A Preferred Embodiment
Fig. 2 illustrates a power supply according to the present invention. The power supply comprises a first load 30, a second load 40, first and second converters 10 and 20, a rechargeable battery 12 and an adapter 13. As illustrated in the drawing, the first load 30 is adapted to share the first DC/DC converter 10 with the second load 40 via fourth switch 80. The first and second loads 30 and 40 share the first converter 10 when the rechargeable battery 12 is being recharged. In normal operational mode however, the first DC/DC converter 10 converts the voltage output by the rechargeable battery 12 into a supply voltage and provides the supply voltage to the first load 30 alone.
During battery recharging, the adapter 13 converts an AC 10 voltage from an external source into a DC voltage. The adapter 13 supplies the DC voltage to the second DC/DC converter 20 via a second switch 60. During battery recharging, the second DC/DC converter 20 converts the DC voltage from the adapter 13 into a charging voltage, which it provides to the rechargeable battery 12 via a resistor R and a diode D1.
In the normal operational mode, however, the second DC/DC converter 20 receives the voltage output by the rechargeable battery 12 and converts it into a supply voltage. It provides the second load 40 with the supply voltage via a third switch 70.
Thus, the second DC/DC converter 20 of the present invention has a dual role. It both down-converts and upconverts voltages. That is, in the battery recharging mode, the second DC/DC converter 20 down-converts the DC voltage supplied by the adapter 13, and in the normal operating mode, the second DC/DC converter 20 up-converts the voltage output by the rechargeable battery 12. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second DC/DC converter 20 comprises a synchronous DC/DC converter.
As shown in Fig. 2, the power supply of the present 35 invention also comprises a first switch 50, the fourth switch 80, and a charging control circuit 11. The first switch 50 is connected in parallel with the seriallyconnected resistor R and diode D1. The fourth switch 80 is positioned between the first DC/DC converter 10 and the 6 second load 40. The charging control circuit 11 is connected to the rechargeable battery 12. The charging control circuit 11 senses the voltage of the rechargeable battery 12 and generates a voltage control signal in accordance with the sensed voltage, during battery recharging. The charging control circuit 11 is also connected in parallel to the resistor R. It senses the charging current passing through the resistor R and generates a current control signal in accordance with the sensed current, during battery recharging.
The voltage and current control signals generated by the charging control circuit 11 are provided to the second DC/DC converter 20. The second DC/DC converter 20 controls the charging voltage and the charging current it outputs in response to the voltage control signal and the current control signal.
During normal operation, i.e. when the battery is not being recharged, first and third switches 50 and 70 are closed while second and fourth switches 60 and 80 are open. Thus, during normal operation the charging control circuit 11 is not active and the first and second DC/DC converters 10 and are connected respectively to the first and second loads and 40. Accordingly, during normal operation, the first converter 10 converts the voltage output by the battery 12 into a supply voltage and provides the supply voltage to the first load 30. Similarly, the second converter 20 converts the voltage output by the battery 12 into a supply voltage and provides the supply voltage to the second converter 20.
on the other hand, in the battery recharging mode, the second and fourth switches 60 and 80 are closed, and the first and third switches 50 and 70 are open. Thus, the charging current from the second DC/DC converter 20 flows into the rechargeable battery 12 through the resistor R and the diode D1, to recharge the rechargeable battery 12. The current flow activates the charging control circuit 11.
7 The charging control circuit 11 provides the second DC/DC converter 20 with a voltage control signal and a current control signal. The second DC/DC converter 20 controls the charging voltage and the charging current it outputs in accordance with these signals. While the rechargeable battery 12 is being recharged, the first and second loads 30 and 40 are both provided with the supply voltage generated by the first DC/DC converter 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the switches 50, 60, 70 and 80 comprise switching elements such as MOS transistors. The gate signals for these transistors may be derived from the voltage of the adapter. Thus, the gate driving signals of the transistors corresponding to the first and third switches 5, 7 may use the voltage of the adapter directly whilst the gate driving signals of the transistors corresponding to the second and fourth switches 6, 8 may use the reversed voltage of the adapter. For example, the first and third switches 50 and 70 may comprise PMOS transistors while the second fourth switches 60 and 80 may comprise NMOS transistors. Switching elements such as MOS transistors are preferred because they can be driven in response the DC voltage output by the adapter 13. Such an arrangement means that the power supply will automatically switch to the battery recharging mode, when it is detected that the adapter 13 is outputting a DC voltage; that is the power supply will automatically switch to the battery recharging mode as the adapter 13 is plugged into a voltage source. Thus, with such an arrangement, as the adapter 13 is plugged in, the first and third switches 50 and 70 are opened and the second and fourth switches 60 and 80 are closed, thereby automatically switching the power supply to the battery recharging mode. Similarly, when the adapter 13 is withdrawn from the voltage source, the first and third switches 50 and 70 are closed and the second and fourth switches 60 and 80 are opened, thereby automatically switching the power supply to the normal operational mode. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the first to fourth switches 50-80 can also be driven in 8 response to a driving signal generated by a microprocessor (not shown) upon detecting activation of the adapter 13.
Thus, the present invention provides a portable power supply with a structure simpler than those of conventional devices. The structure is simplified by reducing the number of DC/DC converters used. The reduction in the number of converters is made possible by not using an independent converter for battery recharging. The structural simplicity reduces both the size and the cost of the power supply.
9
Claims (18)
1. A power supply for supplying power to first and second independent loads comprising: 5 a rechargeable battery for generating a battery voltage; a first converter coupled to the battery for converting the battery voltage into a supply voltage, the first converter being adapted to provide a supply voltage to the first load during an operational mode; and a second converter coupled to the battery, adapted to convert the battery voltage into a supply voltage and provide the supply voltage to the second load during the operational mode and adapted to convert an external voltage into a charging voltage and provide the charging voltage to the rechargeable battery during a battery recharge mode.
2. A power supply according to claim 1 in which the first converter is adapted to provide a supply voltage to both the first and second loads during the battery recharge mode.
3. A power supply according to claim 1 or claim 2 further comprising an adapter coupled to the second converter for converting an external AC voltage into a DC voltage and adapted to provide the DC voltage to the second converter during the battery recharge mode.
4. A power supply according to any preceding claim further comprising a resistor and diode connected in series, through which the charging voltage generated by the second converter is provided to the rechargeable battery during the battery recharge mode.
5. A power supply according to any preceding claim further comprising a charging control circuit coupled to the second converter and the battery, for generating control signals which depend on the charging voltage generated by the second converter and adapted to provide the control signals to the second converter during the battery recharge mode.
6. A power supply according to claim 4 further comprising a charging control circuit coupled to the second converter and the battery and connected in parallel with the resistor and diode, for generating control signals which depend on the charging voltage generated by the second converter and adapted to provide the control signals to the second converter during the battery recharge mode
7. A power supply according to claim 6 in which the charging control circuit is adapted to sense the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the current passing through the resistor to generate a voltage control signal and a current control signal during the battery recharge mode.
8. A power supply according to claim 6 or claim 7 in which the charging control circuit is activated by the flow of current through the resistor during the battery recharge mode.
9. A power supply according to any one of claims 5-8 in which the second converter is adapted to control its voltage output in accordance with the control signals.
10. A power supply according to any preceding claim further comprising first switching means for connecting the first converter to the second load during the operational mode.
11. A power supply according to claim 10 in which the first switching means comprises a first switch positioned between the first converter and the second load.
12. A power supply according any of claims 3-12 further comprising second switching means for coupling the second converter to the second load during an operational mode and connecting it to the adapter during the battery recharge 11 mode.
13. A power supply according to claim 12 in which the second switching means comprises a second switch positioned between the second converter and the second load and a third switch connected between the second converter and the adapter.
14. A power supply according any of claims 5-13 further comprising third switching means for controlling the activation of the recharging control circuit.
15. A power supply according to claim 14 in which the third switching means comprises a fourth switch connected in parallel with the diode and resistors.
16. A power supply according to any of claims 10-15 in which the switching means comprise MOS transistors.
17. A power supply according to any of claims 10-16 in which the switching means are controlled in accordance with the supply of an external voltage to the power supply.
18. A power supply substantially as herein described with reference to and/or as illustrated in Fig.2 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9725565A GB2332105B (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Power supply |
| KR1019980046366A KR100288746B1 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1998-10-30 | Power supply circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9725565A GB2332105B (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Power supply |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2332105A9 GB2332105A9 (en) | |
| GB9725565D0 GB9725565D0 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| GB2332105A true GB2332105A (en) | 1999-06-09 |
| GB2332105B GB2332105B (en) | 2000-01-26 |
Family
ID=10823030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9725565A Expired - Fee Related GB2332105B (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1997-12-03 | Power supply |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100288746B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2332105B (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1089414A2 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-04 | Sony Corporation | Power source unit |
| EP1120880A2 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-08-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply circuit |
| WO2002087068A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for power supply in a multi-voltage electric system of a motor vehicle |
| DE10313752A1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Battery charging device for automobile dual-voltage onboard electrical network has DC/DC converter between voltage circuits controlled to allow successive charging of both batteries |
| GB2406978A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-13 | Chamberlain Group Inc | DC power backup for a barrier movement operator |
| CN101443989B (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2011-05-18 | 矽玛特有限责任公司 | System and method for configuring direct current converter |
| CN107958581A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Electric mechanical adapter, accumulator system and the method for running accumulator system |
| JP2020054106A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Fdk株式会社 | Battery unit, power storage system, and method of charging and discharging battery unit |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101056904B1 (en) * | 2011-03-16 | 2011-08-12 | 주식회사 바이트시스템 | Gas-pressure detecting system and the method |
| CN103259307B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-07-29 | 加一联创电子科技有限公司 | A kind of Intelligent movable power supplies |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1425861A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1976-02-18 | Electric Fuel Propulsion Corp | Electrical power control systems for electric vehicles |
| GB1527277A (en) * | 1975-10-13 | 1978-10-04 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Electric power converting apparatus for use in battery cars |
| WO1979001127A1 (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-27 | Chloride Group Ltd | Battery propelled vehicles |
| EP0028591A1 (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-05-13 | SAB NIFE AB (reg. no. 556010-0058) | Method of uninterrupted operation of a current supply installation and apparatus for the method |
| US4709318A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1987-11-24 | Liebert Corporation | UPS apparatus with control protocols |
| GB2265267A (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-09-22 | Cyber Electronics Co Ltd | Apparatus for in-situ charging of a vehicle battery from an external power source |
-
1997
- 1997-12-03 GB GB9725565A patent/GB2332105B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-10-30 KR KR1019980046366A patent/KR100288746B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1425861A (en) * | 1972-04-14 | 1976-02-18 | Electric Fuel Propulsion Corp | Electrical power control systems for electric vehicles |
| GB1527277A (en) * | 1975-10-13 | 1978-10-04 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Electric power converting apparatus for use in battery cars |
| WO1979001127A1 (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-12-27 | Chloride Group Ltd | Battery propelled vehicles |
| EP0028591A1 (en) * | 1979-11-01 | 1981-05-13 | SAB NIFE AB (reg. no. 556010-0058) | Method of uninterrupted operation of a current supply installation and apparatus for the method |
| US4709318A (en) * | 1986-10-22 | 1987-11-24 | Liebert Corporation | UPS apparatus with control protocols |
| GB2265267A (en) * | 1992-03-17 | 1993-09-22 | Cyber Electronics Co Ltd | Apparatus for in-situ charging of a vehicle battery from an external power source |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1089414A2 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-04 | Sony Corporation | Power source unit |
| EP1089414A3 (en) * | 1999-09-28 | 2003-09-17 | Sony Corporation | Power source unit |
| EP1120880A2 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-08-01 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply circuit |
| EP1120880A3 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2004-06-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply circuit |
| WO2002087068A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-10-31 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Device for power supply in a multi-voltage electric system of a motor vehicle |
| DE10313752A1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-10-07 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Battery charging device for automobile dual-voltage onboard electrical network has DC/DC converter between voltage circuits controlled to allow successive charging of both batteries |
| DE10313752B4 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2021-06-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for charging batteries of a multi-voltage electrical system of a motor vehicle |
| US7786619B2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2010-08-31 | The Chamberlain Group, Inc. | DC power backup |
| GB2406978B (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-07-19 | Chamberlain Group Inc | DC power backup |
| GB2406978A (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2005-04-13 | Chamberlain Group Inc | DC power backup for a barrier movement operator |
| CN101443989B (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2011-05-18 | 矽玛特有限责任公司 | System and method for configuring direct current converter |
| CN107958581A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-24 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Electric mechanical adapter, accumulator system and the method for running accumulator system |
| CN107958581B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2021-04-06 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Electromechanical adapter, energy storage system and method for operating an energy storage system |
| JP2020054106A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Fdk株式会社 | Battery unit, power storage system, and method of charging and discharging battery unit |
| WO2020066460A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | Fdk株式会社 | Battery unit, power storage system, and method for charging/discharging battery unit |
| JP7161357B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2022-10-26 | Fdk株式会社 | Battery unit, power storage system, and battery unit charging/discharging method |
| US11777333B2 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2023-10-03 | Fdk Corporation | Backup power storage system with removable secondary battery, and method of operating same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2332105B (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| KR19990062545A (en) | 1999-07-26 |
| GB9725565D0 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
| GB2332105A9 (en) | |
| KR100288746B1 (en) | 2001-05-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20081203 |