GB2328998A

GB2328998A - Belt tensioner with urging means for damping member

Info

Publication number: GB2328998A
Application number: GB9825848A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Kazumasa Ayukawa
Original assignee: Unitta Co Ltd
Current assignee: Unitta Co Ltd
Priority date: 1995-06-14
Filing date: 1996-06-13
Publication date: 1999-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2016-06-13
Also published as: GB2328728A; GB2328728B; GB9825851D0; GB2328998B; GB9825848D0

Abstract

A belt tensioner comprises a tensioner cup (22) and a tensioner arm (30) rotatably connected to the cup. A torsion spring (50) is provided in the cup to act between the cup and the arm so as to elastically urge the arm to rotate. A damping member (32) is securely attached to a lid portion (30b) of the tensioner am and two ring-like springs (33) are provided in the damping member so as to elastically urge an outer circumferential surface (32a) of the damping member to slidingly contact with an inner circumferential surface (22b) of the cup.

Description

2328998 BELT TENSIONER WITH URGING MEANS FOR DAMPING MEMBER The present

invention relates to an improvement in a belt 5 tensioner mainly and advantageously utilized in a belt driving system for an automotive engine.

Such a belt tensioner is used in order to positively transmit a driving force by preventing slack when the driving force is transmitted to a plurality of devices by a single belt.

This type of belt tensioner is disclosed in publications such as Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication (Koka-4) No. 5-67854.

In a conventional belt tensioner such as disclosed in the above-mentioned publication, a tensioner arm has a lid portion formed at one end thereof, and the lid portion is rotatably connected to a stationary cup member fixed to an engine block. Also, the tensioner arm has a pulley rotatably attached to the other end thereof, and the pulley is adapted to be engaged with a belt of a belt driving system for an automotive engine. A torsion spring is provided in the stationary cup member to act between the cup member and the tensioner arm, and thus the tensioner arm is rotationally urged such that the pulley tensions the belt.

The tensioner arm is provided with an annular damping member attached to the lid portion thereof, and an outer circumferential - 2 surface of the damping member comes into sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of the stationary cup member. In particular, the annular damping member has some projections protruding from an inner circumferential surface thereof which are arranged at suitable intervals. The projections are engaged in grooves or recesses formed in the lid portion of the tensioner arm so as to prevent relative rotation therebetween. Also, the annular damping member has a spring provided at the inner circumferential surface thereof, and the spring serves to urge 10 the annular damping member against the stationary cup member. Namely, the annular damping member is elastically urged against the stationary cup member. Thus, during rotation of the tensioner arm, a damping force or frictional force is produced between the annular damping member and the stationar- y cup member, 1.5 and a rotational resistance is given to the tensioner arm.

in t.n-e conventional belt tensioner as mentioned above, when the outer circumferential surface of c-he annular damning member is subjected to abrasion and wear, the annular damning member becomes loose so that a circumferential nortion of the damning 20member is movable in the radial direction with respect to the lid portion of the tensioner arm. Thus, a clearance is caused between the projections of the damping member and the grooves or recesses of the tensioner, which nroduces noise of the members striking against each other etc. during the swing movement of the tensioner arm In short, with the arrangement of the 3 conventional belt tensioner, a secure and tight attachment of the damping member to the lid portion of the tensioner arm is directly damaged by the abrasion and wear of the damping member to thereby cause looseness of the damping member, undesirably resulting in relative movement between the damping member and the lid portion of the tensioner arm.

An object of the present invention is to provide a belt tensioner constituted such that a damping force or frictional force can be produced at the sliding contact surfaces of the stationary cup member and damping member and such that noise is suppressed even if the damping member is subjected to abrasion and wear.

According to the present invention there is provided a belt tensioner comprising:- is a tensioner cup having an opening; a tensioner arm having a portion formed at one end thereof which is rotatably connected to said tensioner cup; an elastic urging means provided in said tensioner cup to act between said tensioner cup and said tensioner arm so as to elastically urge said tensioner arm to rotate, a damping member securely attached to said tensioner arm portion such that an outer circumferential surface of said damping member is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup; and an urging means provided in said damping member such that 4 the outer circumferential surface of said damping member is elastically urged against the inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup.

Preferably, said urging means comprises at least one 5 ring-like spring element.

Reference is made to the following parent application from which the present application is divided out and the following co-pending divisional application:- Parent patent application number 2 302 158 concerns a belt tensioner comprising:- tensioner cup having an opening; tensioner arm having a lid portion formed at one end thereof, said lid portion being rotatably connected to said tensioner cup and extending so as to substantially close the opening of said tensioner cup; an elastic urging means provided in said tensioner cup to act between said tensioner cu-o and said tensioner arm so as to elastically urge said tensioner arm to rotate; and a damping member securely attached to the lid portion of said tensioner arm such that an outer circumferential surface of said damping member is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup; wherein the lid portion of said tensioner arm is provided with at least two columnar pin-like elements protruding therefrom parallel with a swing axis of the lid portion of said tensioner arm, and said columnar pin-like elements are inserted in holes formed in said damping member, whereby said damping member is prevented from being moved in both rotational and radial directions with respect to the lid portion of said tensioner arm.

Divisional application number concerns a belt tensioner comprising:tensioner cup having an opening; tensioner arm having a lid portion formed at one end thereof, said lid portion being rotatably connected to said 10tensioner cup and extending so as to substantially close the opening of said tensioner cup; an elastic urging means provided in said tensioner cup to act between said tensioner cup and said tensioner arm so as to elastically urge said tensioner arm to rotate; and a damping member securely attached to the lid portion of said tensioner arm such that an outer circumferential surface of said damping member is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup; wherein said damping member is formed of a 2 0 part ially- aromatic polyamide resin having a coefficient of dynamic friction of at most 0.20, a critical pressure-velocity value (PV) of at least: 1400, and a specific wear volume of at most 0.2.

An example of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:- 6 Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a belt driving system for automotive engine in which a belt tensioner of the present invention is incorporated; Fig. 2 is a side view showing an external appearance of the 5 belt tensioner embodying the -present invention; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal crosssectional view of the belt tensioner Fig.

Fig.

of Fig. 4 is an 5 is a 2; exploded view of the belt tensioner of Fig. 3; side view showing a tensioner arm of the belt tensioner of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a plan view of the tensioner arm of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a side view showing an annular dampling member of the belt tensioner of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a plan view of the annular damping member of Fig.

11 5 7 Fig. 9 is a plan view showing one type of C-shaped ring spring; Fig. 10 is a plan view showing another type of C-shaped ring spring; Fig. 11 is a plan view showing an alternative annular damping member; Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the annular damping member shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing an endurance test 25machine for testing a belt tensioner of the present invention; 7 Fig. 14 is a graph showing a part of the results of the endurance test carried out by the endurance test machine of Fig. 13; and Fig. 15 is a graph showing another part of the results of the endurance test carried out by the endurance test machine of Fig. 13.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a belt driving system for an automotive engine in which a belt tensioner of the present invention is incorporated. The belt driving system comprises a drive pulley 1 mounted on an output shaft of the automotive engine (not shown), a driven pulley 2 for an air compressor, a driven pulley 3 for a power steering pump, a driven pulley 4 for an alternator, idler pulleys 5 and 6, and a single driving belt 7 stretched among the pulleys. The belt tensioner of the present invention, generally indicated by reference numeral 10, is provided so as to be engaged with a section of the driving belt 7 between the pulleys 1 and 4.

The belt tensioner 10 comprises a stationary member 20 fixed to an engine block, and a tensioner pulley 40 swingably provided around a pivot bolt or swing shaft 23 with respect to the stationary member 20. The tensioner pulley 40 is urged in the upward direction illustrated in Fig. 1 by a biassing means provided in the stationary member 20, and the driving belt 7 is tensioned due to the urging force resulting from the biassing means. when the tensioner pulley 40 is moved around the pivot 8 bolt 23 to a position shown by a broken line in the Fig. 1, the stretching or threading of the belt 7 among the pulleys 1 to 6 can be easily carried out.

Fig. 2 shows an external appearance of the belt tensioner 10. As shown in this drawing, the stationary member 20 includes a mounting portion 21 formed with two attaching holes 21a into which bolts (not shown) are inserted for bolting to the engine block, and a tensioner cup 22 in which a torsion or spiral spring 50 (Fig. 3) is received. In the tensioner cup 22, a tensioner arm 30 is rotationally mounted on the swing shaft 23 so as to be swingable around the axis thereof. The tensioner pulley 40 is rotationally provided around a pulley bolt 41 supported by the tensioner arm 30, and the pulley bolt 41 is parallel to the swing shaft 23. The tensioner arm 30 has an annular damping member or friction member 32 attached thereto, and an outer circumferential surface of the damping member 32 is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of the tensioner cup 22.

Fig. 3 shows an internal construction of the belt tensioner 10 of the present invention, and Fig. 4 shows the main parts of 20the belt tensioner 10 in an exploded view. As shown in these drawings, the tensioner arm 30 includes a lid portion 30b which extends so as to close an opening area of the tensioner cup 22, and a pulley mounting portion 30c rotatably supporting the pulley 40. The annular damping member 32 is securely attached to the lid portion 30b, and is in sliding contact with the circumferential surface of the tensioner cup 22 near the opening area thereof.

The tensioner cup 22 has a raised portion 22a integrally formed at the centre of the bottom thereof, and the pivot bolt 23 is screwed into the raised portion 22a. The pivot bolt 23 has threaded section 23a formed at a lower end portion thereof, and hexagonal section 23b formed at an approximate centre. The threaded section 23a of the pivot bolt 23 is screwed into the raised portion 22a by applying a suitable tool such as a wrench, spanner or the like to the hexagonal section 23b. The screwing of the threaded section 23a into the raised portion 22a is performed until the hexagonal section 23b abuts against a top end of the raised portion 22a. Thus, the pivot bolt 23 is securely located in and joined to the bottom of the tensioner cup 22.

is The pivot bolt 23 further has a circular columnar section 23c extending upward from the hexagonal section 23b, and the circular columnar section 23c terminates at a second threaded portion 23d at an upper end thereof (Fig. 4) The circular columnar section 23c is inse--ted into a bushing 31 received in a central hole 30h formed in the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30. A nut 24 is screwed over the second threaded portion 23d of the pivot bolt 23, and thus axial movement of the bushing 30h is prevented. Nevertheless, the bushing 30h is rotationally movable against a given frictional resistance. Thus, the tensioner arm 30 is swingable around the pivot bolt 23 with - 10 respect to the stationary member 20. Note that an upper O-ring and a lower O-ring may be inserted above and below the pivot bushing 31.

The torsion spring 50 is composed of a metal wire wound in Sa spiral shape. one end 51 of the torsion spring 50 is affixed to the bottom of the tensioner cup 22, and the other end 52 (Fig. 4) thereof is affixed to the tensioner arm 30. The torsion spring 50 is inserted in a suitably-stressed state between the tensioner cup 22 and the tensioner arm 30, and thus the tensioner arm 30 is rotationally urged in a direction to tension the drive belt (not shown in Figs. 2 and 4) provided about the tensioner pulley 40. Of course, the thickness, material, shape, etc. of the metal wire of the torsion spring 50 are suitably selected in accordance with the rotational urging force required.

As shown in Fig. 3, the pulley 40 is rotatably 7,.ttached to the pulley mounting portion 30c of the tensioner arm 30 by the pulley bolt 41 through the intermediary of a ball bearing 42. A dust shield member 43 is inserted between the head of the pulley bolt 41 and the ball bearing 42, and thus penetration and entry of dust, dirt or the like into the ball bearing 42 can be prevented.

The damping member or friction member 32, attached to the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30, is formed of a suitable elastic material such as a iDlastic or rubber. For example, use is made of polyacetal, nylon containing molybdenum for imparting is self-lubrication, other polymer material, superior strength glass fibre reinforced nylon or carbon fibre reinforced plastic, etc. Nevertheless, it is particularly advantageous to form the damping member 32 of a partially- aromatic polyamide resin material such as polyhexamethylene telephtalic amide or the like, for the reasons stated hereinafter.

Two circular holes 32d are formed in the damping member 32 so as to extend in the axial direction, and are arranged in the vicinity of the inner circumferential surface of the damping member 32. At least two projections or circular columnar pins 30a extend from the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30, and are inserted into the circular holes 32d with substantially no clearance therebetween. Namely, an inner diameter of the circular holes 32d is substantially equal to an outer diameter 15of the circular columnar nins 30a. Thus, the damping member 32 can be effectively prevented from being moved in both the rotational and radial directions with respect to the lid portion 30b due to the insertion of the pins 30a into the holes 32d.

An outer circumferential surface 32a of the damping member 32 is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface 22b of the tensioner cup 22. Two C-shaped ring springs 33 are attached in a radially- inward compressed state at the inner circumferential surface of the annular damping member 32 so that the outer circumferential surface 32a of the damping member 32 is urged and pressed against the inner circumferential surface 12 22b of the tensioner cup 22 by a substantially uniform and constant pressure. Thus, during swinging movement of the tensioner arm 30, a damping force is produced as a frictional force between the damping member 32 and the tensioner cup 22.

50f course, an urging force of the ring springs 33 is suitably set in accordance with the required damping force.

Figs. 5 and 6 show an external appearance of the tensioner arm 30 including the lid portion 30b and the pulley mounting portion 30c, which is integrally formed of a suitable metal material. The lid portion 30b has a projection 30d protruding from a side face thereof, and the projection 30d engages with the end 52 of the torsion spring 50 when assembling the tensicner arm 30 in the belt tensioner 10. Also, the lid portion 30b has a cylindrical pivot bolt support 30e projecting from the centre thereof, and the bushing 31 is received in the support 30e. Furthermore, the lid portion 30b is formed with a guide groove 301L extending along an outer periphery thereof at the side opposite to the pulley mounting portion 30c of the lid portion 30b. The projections or circular columnar pins 30a protruding from the lid portion 30b are opposed to the guide groove 30f, and are oriented in the axial direction of the tensioner cun 22 when assembling L- he tensioner arm 30 in the belt tensioner 10. The pulley mounting portion 30c has a pulley bolt bearing 309 formed at the centre thereof, and the pulley bolt 41 for the tensioner 25pulley 40 is screwed into the pulley bolt bearing 30g.

- 13 Figs. 7 and 8 show an external appearance of the damping member 32. As is apparent from these drawings, although the damping member 32 has an annular shape following the opening of the tensioner cup 22, it is split so that a gap 32b is formed therein. The gap 32b contributes to absorb heat deformation of the damping member 32, and also serves as a draining passage for draining water penetrating into the tensioner cup 22.

The damping member 32 has an insertion portion 32c integrally formed along an inner periphery thereof at the side opposite to the gap 32b of the damping member 32. As is apparent from Fig. 7, the insertion portion 32c extends from the side of the annular body per se of the damping member 32 which is applied to the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30 the damping member 32 in the belt tensioner 10.

from Fig. 8, the above-mentioned circular holes in the insertion portion 32c, and are arranged at in the radial direction offset from the centre member 32. The central axes of the circular parallel to the pivot bolt 23 when assembling the when assembling As is apparent 32d are formed equal positions of the damping holes 32d are damping member 32 in the belt tensioner 10. Furthermore, a groove 32e is formed in the insertion portion 32c and contributes to absorb a deformation of the insertion portion 32c.

The damping member 32 has a pair of sector-shaped elements 32f integrally formed on the inner circumferential surface thereof, and the sector-elements 32f are arranged either side of 14 the gap 32b. The sector-shaped elements 32f are slidably received in the guide groove 30f formed in the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30 when assembling the damping member 32 in the belt tensioner 10. The damping member 32 has another pair of sector-shaped elements 32g integrally formed on the inner circumferential surface thereof and located between the sectorshaped elements 32f and the insertion portion 32c. The sector-shaped elements 32g serve as a ring receiver for the ring springs 33 and are positioned below the ring springs 33 to 10prevent the ring springs 33 from shifting downward (Fig. 3).

Fig. 9 shows one type of C-shaped ring spring 33 having a uniform width, and Fig. 10 shows another type of C-shaped ring spring 33 having a maximum width at a middle location thereof, and a varying width gradually reducing from the middle location 15 to the ends. Either of the two types may be incorporated in the Of course, although not illustrated, yet another type of ring spring may be used in the belt tensioner 10.

damping member 32.

Figs. 11 and 12 show an alternative damping member 32 which 20 is composed of elements similar to those of Figs. 7 and 8 and which are indicated by the same reference numerals. In this alternative, the split gap 32b oil the damping member 32 is bridged by a span element 32h extending from one c' the opposed outer end edges defining the gap 32b and coming in sliding engagement with the other end edge.

is When the damping member 32 shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is assembled in the belt tensioner 10, as shown in Fig. 3, the split gap 32b of the damping member 32 appears as a small opening at a location along the outer periphery of the lid Sportion 30b of the tensioner arm 30. Thus, debris, fragments or the like may penetrate into the interior of the tensioner cup 22 through the small opening or split gap 32b of the damping member 32. With the arrangement of the damping member 32 as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, no opening appears at a location along the outer periphery of the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30 due to the existence of the span element 32h. Thus, the penetration of debris, fragments or the like into the tensioner cup 22 through the gap 32b is prevented.

When the belt tensioner 10 is incorporated in the belt 15 driving system as shown in Fig. 1, the tensioner arm 30 is rotationally urged by the resilient force of the torsion spring 50 such that the driving belt 7 is tensioned by the tensioner pulley 40 engaged therewith. During the operation of the belt driving system, the tensioner arm 30 is inevitably subjected to the vibration or oscillation from the driving belt 7, but the vibration or oscillation of the tensioner arm 30 can be effectively damped due to the damping force or friction, positively applied by the ring springs 33, between the inner circumferential surface 22b of the tensioner cup 22 and the 25outer circumferential surface 32a of the damping member 32.

16 when the belt tensioner 10 is being used, the outer circumferential surface 32a of the damping member 32 wears down. Nevertheless, with the present invention, no clearance is caused between the damping member 32 and the lid portion 30b of the tensioner arm 30 because the damping member 32 spreads outward due to the action of the ring springs 33 by exactly the amount of the wear, and because the holes 32d of the damping member 32 fit over the pins 30a to hold the same in place. Accordingly, noise is prevented due to the absence of any clearance at the 10 time of swinging of the tensioner arm 30.

Since the insertion portion 32c extends from the annular body per se of the damning member 32, as mentioned above, i.e., since the insertion nortion 32c is formed above the plane of the outer circumferential surface 32a of the damping member 32 which comes into sliding contact with the inner circumferential surface of the tensioner cup 22, the insertion portion 32c is resistant to the effects of the relative movement of the damping member 32 due to wear of the outer circumferential surface thereof.

Furthermore, since the two nins 30a of the tensioner arm 30 are inserted into the circular holes 32d, the force exerted on the damning member 32 by the torsion spring 50 during the swinging of the tensioner arm 30 is dispersed to a plurality of insertion locations (pins 30a), whereby premature damage and 25 deterioration of the damping member can be prevented. Further 17 - pins can of course be provided.

Conveniently, the damping member 32 is formed of a partially-aromatic polyamide resin material having a coefficient of dynamic friction of at most 0.20, a critical pressure -velocity value (PV) of at least 1400, and a specific wear volume of at most 0. 2, or a copolymer resin material including this partially-aromatic polyamide resin material. The partially-aromatic polyamide resin material may be defined as an aromatic polyamide resin material having methylene-bonds added to the main chain thereof, and is represented by polyhexamethylene telephtalic amide (nylon 6T) or the like. The partially-aromatic polyamide resin material exhibits not only high resistance to abrasion and wear but also superior processability in production of articles. Note, the aromatic polvamide resin material exhibits high resistance to abrasion and wear, but it has inferior processability in the production of articles. in short, the belt tensioner above comprises the damping member 32 formed of the partial lyaromatic polyamide resin material having the above- mentioned characteristics.

To illustrate the merits or advantages of this belt tensioner, the following endurance test was carried out.

A belt tensioner having a damping member formed of polyhexamethylene telephtalic amide (APA or nylon 6T) was actually assembled, and this damping member had a coefficient of dynamic friction of about 0.16, a critical pressure -velocity - 18 value (PV) of 1600, and a specific wear volume of about 0.16. As a first comparative example, a belt tensioner having a damping member formed of polyamide (PA) was actually assembled, and this damping member had a coefficient of dynamic friction of about 0.40, a critical pressure-velocity value (PV) of 450, and a specific wear volume of about 0.3. As a second comparative example, a belt tensioner having a damping member formed of polyacetal (POM) was actually assembled. In this belt tensioner, the damping member had a coefficient of dynamic friction falling in the range between about 0.18 and about 0.25, a critical pressure-velocity value falling in the range between about 450 to about 1200, and a specific wear volume falling in the range between about 0.1 to about 0.3. A summary is shown in the following table.

Coefficient of Critical Specific Dynamic Friction PV Wear Volume Invention (APA) 0.16 1600 0.16 PA 0.40 450 0.3 POM 0.18 - 0.25 450 1200 0.1 0.3 These numerical characteristics were experimentally obtained in accordance with the JIS (Ja)anese Industrial Standard) K 7218 method.

Each of the belt tensioners as mentioned above was tested by an endurance test machine, as shown in Fig. 13. In this endurance test machine, re-f erence 10 1 indicates a belt tensioner (c) to be tested, and the belt tensioner 101 includes a stationary member 201, and a tensioner pulley 401 swingable around an axis of a swing shaft 231. The pulley 401 is rotationally driven by an eccentric pulley EP through a driving belt DB. The endurance 5 test was carried out under the following conditions.

(a) sliding speed at the sliding surfaces of the damping member and tensioner cup: 21 cm/s sliding pressure exerted from the damping member to the tensioner cup: 5 kgf/cm' amount of relative sliding motion between the damping member and tensioner cup: 4.1 mm The sliding speed (21 cm/s) depends upon a running speed of the driving belt DB; the sliding pressure depends upon a modulus of elasticity of a torsion spring provided in the 15damping member concerned; and the amount of relative sliding motion depends upon an eccentricity of the eccentric pulley EP.

Each of the endurance tests was carried out over a period of time of 300 hours, and Figs. 14 and 15 show the results of the endurance tests. In the graph of Fig. 14, S1 and S2 20represent the belt tensioner having the damping member formed of polyacetal (POM), and B1 and B2 represent the belt tensioner having the damping member formed of polyhexamethylene telephtalic amide (APA). In the belt tensioner having the POM damping member, after a running time of from about 150 to about 200 hours, cracks were produced in the insert portion 32c of the damping member in which the circular holes 32d are formed. on the contrary, in the belt tensioner having the APA damping member, no cracks were produced until a running time of 300 hours had elapsed. In the graph of Fig. 15, the POM damping Smember has a considerably larger amount of wear in comparison with that of the APA damping member.

Finally, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that various changes and lomodifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the scope thereof.

The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in Japanese Patent Applications No. 7-171359 (filed on june 14, 1995), and No. 7299206 (filed on October 23, 1995).

21 -

Claims

A belt tensioner comprising:- tensioner cup having an opening; tensioner arm having a portion formed at one end thereof which is rotatably connected to said tensioner cup; an elastic urging means provided in said tensioner cup to act between said tensioner cup and said tensioner arm so as to elastically urge said tensioner arm to rotate; a damping member securely attached to said tensioner arm portion such that an outer circumferential surface of said damping member is in sliding contact with an inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup; and an urging means provided in said damping member such that the outer circumferential surface of said damping member is 15elastically urged against the inner circumferential surface of said tensioner cup.
2. A belt tensioner according to claim 1 wherein said urging means comprises at least one ring-like spring element.