GB2322099A - Wear-resistant laminated articles - Google Patents

Wear-resistant laminated articles Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2322099A
GB2322099A GB9703168A GB9703168A GB2322099A GB 2322099 A GB2322099 A GB 2322099A GB 9703168 A GB9703168 A GB 9703168A GB 9703168 A GB9703168 A GB 9703168A GB 2322099 A GB2322099 A GB 2322099A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
resin
fabric
rotor blade
fibre
wear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9703168A
Other versions
GB9703168D0 (en
GB2322099B (en
Inventor
Antony Pietro Parisi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRUE FORTUNE Ltd
Tenmat Ltd
Original Assignee
TRUE FORTUNE Ltd
Tenmat Ltd
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Priority to GB9703168A priority Critical patent/GB2322099B/en
Publication of GB9703168D0 publication Critical patent/GB9703168D0/en
Publication of GB2322099A publication Critical patent/GB2322099A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2322099B publication Critical patent/GB2322099B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/245—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using natural fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/246—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
    • F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
    • F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2205—Conventional flow pattern
    • F04D29/2222—Construction and assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/18—Rotors
    • F04D29/22—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/2261—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures
    • F04D29/2294—Rotors specially for centrifugal pumps with special measures for protection, e.g. against abrasion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/34—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2061/00—Use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2061/04—Phenoplasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/10—Thermosetting resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2277/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as reinforcement
    • B29K2277/10—Aromatic polyamides [Polyaramides] or derivatives thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2311/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2201/00 - B29K2309/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2311/10—Natural fibres, e.g. wool or cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0087—Wear resistance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2361/00—Characterised by the use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2361/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C08J2361/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/44—Resins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced

Abstract

Composite rotor blades of natural fibre or regenerated natural fibre-reinforced thermoset resin are provided with an aramid fibre fabric working surface to reduce erosion in use.

Description

Improved Wear-Resistant Laminated Articles This invention relates to wear-resistant laminated articles, such as bearings, and rotor blades for pumps and compressors.
Well-known articles of this kind are made by heating an assembly of superimposed layers of cloth made of asbestos yarn and impregnated with a thermosetting resin.
It is already known (see for example GB-A-2,121,844) to make wearresistant laminated articles using, instead of resin-impregnated asbestos cloth, heat-resistant aramid fibres, that is to say fibres of poly(aromatic amide), or glass fibres, made with an organic binder into flexible sheet material by a paper-making process, the sheet being then improved with resin. However, to obtain articles capable of sustained operation above 1750C, and in particular at temperatures up to 200, there has to be used a proportion of aramid fibre which makes the product too expensive.
If glass fibre is used instead of aramid fibre, the article is extremely abrasive. It is also known from WO-A-87/07656 < thast yarns comprising an inorganic core and an outer layer of, aramid d are useful in the manufacture of fire resistant fabrics.
However, the fabrics just described are also expensive, due to the high cost of the raw materials and the cost of proces + g into fabric. It is an object of the present invention to produce a relatively low cost product which is as least a,rable in performance to more exotic asbestos fibre replacement materials.
According to the disclosure of EP-A-0470155 is it known to provide a wear-resistant laminated article in the form of a bearing material or a rotor blade obtainable by heating an assembly of superimposed layers of fabric impregnated with thermosetting resin, characterised in that the fabric is made of non-asbestos yarn comprising a core of glass fibre with a surface of aramid fibre and a fibre as porous as viscose, the aramid fibre forming not more than 40% by weight of said yarn.
Rotor blades according to EP-A-0470155 have excellent performance as a replacement for the asbestos fibre-based rotor blades previously used in non-lubricated vane-type compressors and/or vacuum pumps. However, a significant problem has been observed.
This is that although the working edge or tip of the blade exhibits good resistance to wear, the side faces of the blade are subject to scoring and erosion. This is due to the asymmetric forces on the blades as they move radially inwardly and outwardly of their mounting slots as the rotor turns. It will be appreciated that in a typical vane pump, a series of generally rectangular blades are mounted on edge in radially aligned slots in a rotor, the slots incorporating spring means effective to urge the blades radially outwards into edge contact with the inside of a stator housing whose axis is offset relative to that of the rotor.
Contact with the inside of the stator as the rotor turns thus causes reciprocation of the blades in their slots and it is the rotor-contacting faces which become damaged, not the working edges of the blades.
The present invention is also directed towards at least reducing this damage.
According to the present invention, a rotor blade for a vane pump or compressor is obtained by heating a plurality of superimposed layers of a natural fibre or regenerated natural fibre fabric impregnated with a thermosetting resin, including with a layer of impregnated aramid fibre fabric on at least that side face of the blade which is, in use, exposed to repeated abrasion.
Advantageously, both side faces of the blade are constituted by a layer of aramid fibre fabric, so that it is not important which side of the blade is, in use, the leading or trailing side, although in practice one side is much more vulnerable to wear.
Surprisingly, only a single layer of aramid fibre fabric serves to very greatly enhance the wear resistance of a rotor blade of the kind described. This holds good even where the main body of the blade incorporates cellulosic fibre such as cotton fabric, the latter being a material not normally suitable for use in such applications.
In fact, by adopting the construction of this invention, it has proved possible to use relatively inexpensive fabrics such as cotton.
The aramid fibre fabric may be of KEVLAR (TM) and it is preferably impregnated with the same resin as is used to make the rest of the blade. Phenolic resins, optionally modified with an epoxy resin, are preferred.
In order that the invention be better understood an embodiment of it will not be described by way of example.
Example Rotor blades were made from a plain weave cotton cloth of nominal thickness 2mm, weight per unit area 620 grams/m2, and a construction of 80 ends per dm. This was impregnated with a solution (50% by weight solids content) in mixed ethanol/methanol/water (86% ethanol, 4% methanol by weight) of a conventional phenol-formaldehyde resol sold by British Petroleum Chemicals Limited under the trade mark CELLOBOND.
Excess resin solution was squeezed from the impregnated cloth by passing it between rollers, and the sheet was then heated at 135" for 20 minutes to remove solvent present in the retained resin solution and to part-cure the resin.
Sheet laminate From the material obtained as described above 8 pieces measuring 300 x 300mm were cut. The 8 pieces were superimposed one upon another (with the weft of adjacent pieces at right angles). The assembly was then cured at 1500C in a steam-press (pressure 7.7 MPa; time 45 mins) and then post-cured at 1500C in air.
The laminate thus formed was machined to make a set of pump or compressor rotor blades.
The same procedure was followed by make another laminate, but this time, the sheet laminate was provided with top and bottom surface layers of an aramid fabric. This was a woven KEVLAR fabric of density construction 600g/m2 made from a doubled 130 tex warp yarn and a 260 tex weft yarn and having 135 ends/i 0cm and 64 picks/lOcm. The aramid fabric was pre-impregnated with the same phenolic resol as was used for the other layers. The aramid facing layers and the other layers were press cured as described earlier to form a finished laminate which was then machined to make a set of pump or compressor rotor blades.
Comparative tests were carried out on the two sets of blades in turn. One complete set of sample blades was installed in a vanetype vacuum pump and run under normal conditions (56cm of mercury and a temperature of 1900C) for 30 hours at 1000 rpm. The blades were then removed for examination and a complete set from the other sample set was installed in the pump and subjected to the same running test.
All the blades made without aramid fabric facing layers exhibited severe wear on that face of the blade which was in use the trailing face. A shallow groove extending over the length of each blade was accompanied by some score marking. The working tips of the blades were in poor condition.
All the blades made according to the present invention were in excellent condition after the same running test. There was no grooving, only some polishing of the trailing faces. These blades were in fact suitable for use over a very much longer period of time, despite the fact that no relatively much more expensive, high temperature resistant fibres were present in the body of the blade.

Claims (5)

1. A rotor blade for a vane pump or compressor obtained by heating a plurality of superimposed layers of a natural fibre or regenerated natural fibre fabric impregnated with a thermosetting resin, including a layer of resin impregnated aramid fibre fabric on at least that side face of the blade which is, in use, exposed to repeated abrasion.
2. A rotor blade according to claim 1 characterised in that both side faces of the blade are constituted by a layer of aramid fibre fabric.
3. A rotor blade according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the resin is a phenolic resin.
4. A rotor blade according to any of claims 1-3 characterised in that the thermoset resin is the same resin as is used to impregnate the other fabric layers which constitute the rotor blade.
5. A rotor blade according to any of claims 1-4 characterised in that the natural fibre or regenerated natural fibre fabric is cotton.
GB9703168A 1997-02-15 1997-02-15 Improved wear-resistant laminated articles Expired - Fee Related GB2322099B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9703168A GB2322099B (en) 1997-02-15 1997-02-15 Improved wear-resistant laminated articles

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9703168A GB2322099B (en) 1997-02-15 1997-02-15 Improved wear-resistant laminated articles

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GB9703168D0 GB9703168D0 (en) 1997-04-02
GB2322099A true GB2322099A (en) 1998-08-19
GB2322099B GB2322099B (en) 2000-01-19

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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ITMI20120895A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-24 Consorzio Venezia Ricerche MULTILAYERED MATERIAL INCLUDING A FABRIC
WO2017003352A1 (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Olsson-Sjöberg Lill Method for manufacturing a multilayered textile workpiece and a multilayered textile workpiece

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Cited By (22)

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NL1011467C2 (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-06 Dsm Nv Sheet prepreg useful for covering flexible sheet products and molded articles comprises at least one layer of carrier sheet impregnated with uncured resin
WO2000053667A1 (en) * 1999-03-05 2000-09-14 Dsm N.V. Sheet prepreg containing carrier sheets
WO2007025782A1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2007-03-08 Joris Van Raemdonck Method for preparing thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer or elastomer composites that are reinforced with natural fibers, and their multiple applications as construction material
US8080288B2 (en) 2005-09-02 2011-12-20 Lineo Nv Method for preparing thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer or elastomer composites that are reinforced with natural fibers, and their multiple applications as construction material
WO2009117230A2 (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 General Electric Company Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance
JP2011518973A (en) * 2008-03-18 2011-06-30 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ Anti-erosion system and components including the same
WO2009117232A3 (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-04-15 General Electric Company Methods allowing for visual inspection of coated components for erosion damage
WO2009117230A3 (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-04-15 General Electric Company Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance
WO2009117231A3 (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-04-22 General Electric Company Erosions systems and components comprising the same
GB2470686A (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-12-01 Gen Electric Methods allowing for visual inspection of coated components for erosion damage
GB2470685A (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-12-01 Gen Electric Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance
GB2470855A (en) * 2008-03-18 2010-12-08 Gen Electric Erosions systems and components comprising the same
US7883737B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2011-02-08 General Electric Company Methods allowing for visual inspection of coated components for erosion damage
WO2009117232A2 (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 General Electric Company Methods allowing for visual inspection of coated components for erosion damage
US7998393B2 (en) 2008-03-18 2011-08-16 General Electric Company Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance
WO2009117231A2 (en) * 2008-03-18 2009-09-24 General Electric Company Erosions systems and components comprising the same
GB2470855B (en) * 2008-03-18 2012-02-08 Gen Electric Erosions systems and components comprising the same
GB2470686B (en) * 2008-03-18 2012-02-08 Gen Electric Methods allowing for visual inspection of coated components for erosion damage
GB2470685B (en) * 2008-03-18 2012-10-31 Gen Electric Methods for making components having improved erosion resistance
ITMI20120895A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-24 Consorzio Venezia Ricerche MULTILAYERED MATERIAL INCLUDING A FABRIC
WO2013174870A1 (en) 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 De Rigo S.P.A. Multilayer material comprising fabric
WO2017003352A1 (en) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-05 Olsson-Sjöberg Lill Method for manufacturing a multilayered textile workpiece and a multilayered textile workpiece

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