GB2322098A - Apparatus for gas and water drainage - Google Patents

Apparatus for gas and water drainage Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2322098A
GB2322098A GB9700162A GB9700162A GB2322098A GB 2322098 A GB2322098 A GB 2322098A GB 9700162 A GB9700162 A GB 9700162A GB 9700162 A GB9700162 A GB 9700162A GB 2322098 A GB2322098 A GB 2322098A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
layer
fluids
drainage
gas
porous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9700162A
Other versions
GB9700162D0 (en
GB2322098B (en
Inventor
David James Townsend
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to GB9700162A priority Critical patent/GB2322098B/en
Publication of GB9700162D0 publication Critical patent/GB9700162D0/en
Publication of GB2322098A publication Critical patent/GB2322098A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2322098B publication Critical patent/GB2322098B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/004—Sealing liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
    • B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
    • E02D2300/0006—Plastics
    • E02D2300/0009—PE
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2300/00—Materials
    • E02D2300/0046—Foams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/008—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against entry of noxious gases, e.g. Radon
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water

Abstract

An apparatus 1 for the drainage of fluids such as gas and water, comprising a relatively thin first layer 3 of a material impermeable to the fluids to be drained; a relatively thick second layer 5 of a material adapted to enable said fluids to percolate therethrough, and a relatively thin third layer 9 comprising a geotextile material. The layers are attached together so that the second layer 5 is sandwiched between the first 3 and third 9 layers to form a composite "blanket". The second layer may comprise pieces of non-porous or semi-porous material having spaces through which water and gas can percolate. The material may be recycled closed cell polyethylene foam. The material may further comprise channels or grooves 7 on one surface. The composite is, for example, laid above or beneath waste in landfill sites to enable effective drainage of water or gas.

Description

APPARATUS FOR GAS AND WATER DRAINAGE The present invention relates to an apparatus for gas and water drainage. The apparatus is particularly, but not exclusively, for use in waste disposal, landfill and civil engineering applications. The apparatus may, however, be used in any application in which control of fluids, such as gas and water, is required.
In a known method of gas and water drainage, separate layers of material are formed in a horizontal, vertical or sloping plane. For instance, in landfill applications, an impermeable membrane, a layer of gravel and a geotextile sheet are laid down on top of each other, either above or beneath the waste. Liquids and gases produced by the waste material are prevented from escaping into the environment above or below the landfill site, by the impermeable membrane, but instead are allowed to percolate along the layer of open gravel material to a place where they can be safely removed. In addition, the impermeable membrane prevents liquids from entering the landfill site from the environment. The geotextile material is used to provide a barrier to plants, animals or the like which might otherwise encroach upon the gravel layer and interfere with effective drainage therefrom.
When this known drainage method is employed in a vertical plane, a continuous impermeable membrane is formed on one side of a trench, by welding together sheets of impermeable material, and a geotextile material layer is formed on the other side of the trench by loose laid sheets of geotextile material which are overlapped at their edges. The space between the geotextile and impermeable layers is then filled with gravel.
A disadvantage with this prior art method is that, after site consolidation, the separate layers of material tend to move relative to each other, which can lead to areas of high and low density within the drainage layers. This can interfere with the effective drainage of gas and water and may lead to a build up of gas and water within the site.
The present invention represents an improvement over the known drainage method described above.
In accordance with one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for drainage of fluids, comprising: a first layer comprising a material impermeable to the fluids to be drained; a second layer, comprising a material adapted to enable said fluids to percolate through the layer, the second layer having a first surface attached to a surface of said first layer, and a third layer, comprising a geotextile material, the third layer having a surface attached to a second surface, opposite to said first surface, of said second layer.
Thus, the apparatus of the invention forms a composite of layers which together function in the manner similar to the separate layers of material used in the prior an.
However, since the layers are attached together, the problems associated with movement of the layers in the prior art are alleviated.
Preferably, the second layer comprises a material formed from pieces of non-porous or semi-porous material, having spaces between which the fluids can percolate.
In a preferred embodiment, the second layer has a series of channels or grooves on its first surface, so that channels are formed within the composite for drainage of fluids.
The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a perspective view of an apparatus for drainage of fluids forming an embodiment of the present invention.
The apparatus 1 for drainage of fluids such as gas and water comprises essentially three layers, which together form a composite "blanket". The first layer 3, comprises a relatively thin polythene membrane which forms an impermeable barrier to gas, water and other fluids. By way of example, the layer 3 may be a 0.7 millimetre laminated black polythene film.
The second layer 5 is a relatively thick layer of non-porous material, such as closed cell polyethylene foam, which is flaked or otherwise broken into pieces to provide gaps through which water and gas can percolate. For example, the layer 5 may be a 36 to 38 millimetre thick layer of recycled closed cell cross-linked polyethylene foam. In the embodiment illustrated, the layer 5 is manufactured with one surface 5a smooth and the other surface 5b with parallel grooves or channels 7 appropriately spaced. For example, the channels 7 may be spaced 150 millimetres apart. The layer 5 is thermally bonded to the layer 3, with the grooves or channels facing the impermeable membrane, so as to form drainage channels for gas, water and other fluids.
The third layer 9 comprises a relatively thin laminated geotextile layer, forming a protective cover, adapted to prevent the encroachment of plants and the like into the drainage system. The geotextile material is attached to the smooth face of the layer 5 by a process of heat bonding lamination.
The apparatus 1 is preferably manufactured in a continuous length, with a width of about 1 metre, which can be cut to the desired length. As shown in the drawing, the geotextile and impermeable polythene layers preferably extend beyond the width of the polyethylene foam layer to form flaps which can be overlapped or welded with corresponding flaps of adjacent sheets placed either side, in use.
The apparatus is used as follows. Sheets of the apparatus are cut to size and laid side by side in situ. The flaps of the impermeable polythene membrane are welded together to provide a continuous barrier to fluids and the geotextile flaps are overlapped to prevent encroachment into the polyethylene foam by plants and the like.
Accordingly, the apparatus, in use, forms a continuous protective cover. Fluids produced above or below the apparatus can pass through the geotextile material, and percolate through the polyethylene foam layer, without being absorbed within the pieces of foam, but are prevented from escaping into the environment by the impermeable layer. The apparatus is arranged so that the fluids tend to percolate through the polyethylene foam layer and pass into the drainage channels along which the fluids flow until they reach a place where they can be safely removed.
The use of the apparatus, in accordance with the invention, is simple and cost effective. The apparatus is formed in a single, integral composite and is easy to handle and transport. Furthermore, the method of installation of the drainage system is far quicker than in the prior art, where three separate layers of material have to be formed.
The described apparatus has considerable advantages over the prior art. In particular, the apparatus is less likely to deform under movement or stress of the site. Thus, the apparatus maintains its uniformity and consistency of shape, even when used in vertical planes or steep slopes. This enables effective drainage to be maintained and aids site forecasting and management.
In addition, the volume occupied by the drainage system can be reduced, in comparison with the prior art.
The skilled person will recognise that a network of drainage channels can be used, as appropriate, to more effectively control the drainage than in the prior an, whilst remaining an integral part of the apparatus.
It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made to the described embodiment. For instance, the width of the polyethylene foam layer can be varied according to the application, and similarly the distance between, and arrangement of, drainage channels will be dependent upon the application. Furthermore, the invention should not be considered as limited to the type of material specified, but should be considered to include all such known equivalents which will function in the desired manner. It is intended to include all such modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

CLAIMS:
1. Apparatus for drainage of fluids, comprising; a first layer comprising a material impermeable to the fluids to be drained; a second layer, comprising a material adapted to enable said fluids to percolate through the layer, the second layer having a first surface attached to a surface of the first layer, and a third layer, comprising a geotextile material, the third layer having a surface attached to a second surface, opposite to the first surface, of the second layer.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second layer is relatively thick in comparison to the first and third layers.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the second layer comprises a material formed from pieces of non-porous or semi-porous material, having spaces between which the fluids can percolate.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the non-porous or semi-porous material comprises polyethylene foam.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any proceeding claim, wherein the second layer has a series of channels or grooves on its first surface, so that channels are formed within the composite for drainage of fluids.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any proceeding claim, wherein the first layer comprises a polythene membrane.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any proceeding claim, wherein the third layer comprises a laminated geotextile layer and is attached to a smooth second surface of the first layer by heat bonding lamination.
8. Apparatus as claimed in any proceeding claim, wherein the width of the first layer extends beyond the width of the second layer to form flaps which may be overlapped or welded when the apparatus is placed adjacent to another apparatus in use.
9. Apparatus for drainage of fluids substantially as herein before described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawing.
GB9700162A 1997-01-07 1997-01-07 Apparatus for gas and water drainage Expired - Fee Related GB2322098B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9700162A GB2322098B (en) 1997-01-07 1997-01-07 Apparatus for gas and water drainage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9700162A GB2322098B (en) 1997-01-07 1997-01-07 Apparatus for gas and water drainage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9700162D0 GB9700162D0 (en) 1997-02-26
GB2322098A true GB2322098A (en) 1998-08-19
GB2322098B GB2322098B (en) 2000-04-12

Family

ID=10805584

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2427532A (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-03 Proctor Group Ltd A Ground drainage system
CN1304475C (en) * 2005-03-11 2007-03-14 煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院 Material for drawing out methane polyethylene pipe for mining
GB2467924A (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 Mark R Jones Drainage and irrigation system

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985000631A1 (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-14 Vidal Stephen Peter Jr Creating and controlling an artificial water table
GB2169781A (en) * 1984-12-08 1986-07-23 Zueblin Ag Covering rubbish dumps
DE4000653A1 (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-07-18 Friedrich Geb Geophysical ground seal - has laminate of woven or knitted with plastic foam and nonwoven base
GB2255292A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-04 Frank Brian Mercer Multi-layer lining system and components therefor
US5206067A (en) * 1992-01-28 1993-04-27 Bonzo Kevin M Landfill gas capping liner system
GB2311248A (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-24 Geofabrics Ltd Geotextile

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985000631A1 (en) * 1983-07-25 1985-02-14 Vidal Stephen Peter Jr Creating and controlling an artificial water table
GB2169781A (en) * 1984-12-08 1986-07-23 Zueblin Ag Covering rubbish dumps
DE4000653A1 (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-07-18 Friedrich Geb Geophysical ground seal - has laminate of woven or knitted with plastic foam and nonwoven base
GB2255292A (en) * 1991-05-02 1992-11-04 Frank Brian Mercer Multi-layer lining system and components therefor
US5206067A (en) * 1992-01-28 1993-04-27 Bonzo Kevin M Landfill gas capping liner system
GB2311248A (en) * 1996-03-22 1997-09-24 Geofabrics Ltd Geotextile

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1304475C (en) * 2005-03-11 2007-03-14 煤炭科学研究总院重庆分院 Material for drawing out methane polyethylene pipe for mining
GB2427532A (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-03 Proctor Group Ltd A Ground drainage system
GB2427532B (en) * 2005-06-23 2008-09-17 Proctor Group Ltd A Drainage system
GB2467924A (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 Mark R Jones Drainage and irrigation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9700162D0 (en) 1997-02-26
GB2322098B (en) 2000-04-12

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20100107