GB2316615A

GB2316615A - Quaternary ammonium compounds and silicone polymers for hair conditioning

Info

Publication number: GB2316615A
Application number: GB9618075A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Anastasia Josephin Abdipranoto; Barry Keith Willis
Original assignee: R&C Products Pty Ltd
Current assignee: R&C Products Pty Ltd
Priority date: 1996-08-29
Filing date: 1996-08-29
Publication date: 1998-03-04
Also published as: AU3419197A; AU716457B2; ZA977724B; GB9618075D0; NZ328566A

Abstract

Compositions comprising the following ingredients have improved conditioning benefits; i) 0.1 to 10% C 18 -C 22 alkyl quaternary ammonium , e.g. behentrimonium chloride, ii) 0.1 to 10% C 12 -C 22 dialkyl quaternary ammonium, e.g. dicetyldimonium chloride, iii) 0.01 to 5% non-volatile polyalkyl silicone, e.g. dimethyl silicone, iv) 0.01 to 5% non-volatile polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone, e.g. dimethiconol, v) 0.01 to 5% emulsified cationic amino functional silicone, e.g. amodimethicone, vi) 0.1 to 10% long chain fatty alcohol, e.g. cetyl alcohol vii) balance water.

Description

HAIR CONDITIONING COMPOSITIONS Field Of The Invention This invention relates to hair care compositions and, in particular, to hair conditioning compositions.

Background To The Invention The prior art is replete with a variety of compositions that are used for conditioning the hair. By "conditioning the hair" it is meant to provide a composition that will impart to the hair one or more tactile and/or visual characteristics including smoothness, softness, shine, non-fly away and ease of wet and/or dry combing.

There are many materials known which function to provide the aforementioned characteristics. These conditioning materials are typically incorporated alone or in combination with like materials to maximise the conditioning benefits to the hair.

One class of conditioning materials that are widely used are quaternary ammonium compounds of the type as shown in formula (I):

wherein at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 18 to 22 carbon atoms and the other groups are each independently alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and X is a monovalent anion.

Another class of conditioning materials that are used in the art are silicones. Broadly there are two groups of silicones of relevance, namely, linear silicones and cyclic silicones.

The linear silicone group may be further split into those that are volatile and those that are non-volatile.

Amongst the non-volatile linear silicones may be mentioned polyalkyl and modified polyalkyl silicones including those having end terminating hydroxy groups and those having amine functional groups.

Although quaternary ammonium compounds and silicones are known as conditioning materials, it has not been recognised in the art that a particular selection of each of these materials in combination results in a conditioning composition having improved hair conditioning benefits.

Disclosure Of The Invention Accordingly, the present invention provides an aqueous hair conditioning composition comprising one or more of a first quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (II)

in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w wherein Rl is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 18 to 22 carbon atoms, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a monovalent anion, and mixtures thereof; one or more of a secondary quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (III)

in an amount of 0.1 to 10k w/w, wherein R5 and R6 are each independently an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, R, and Re are each independently alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z is a monovalent anion, and mixtures thereof; a non-volatile polyalkyl silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; a non-volatile polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; an emulsified cat ionic amino functional silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; a long chain fatty alcohol in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w; and the balance being water.

Flrst Ouaternary Ammonlum Compound The first quaternary ammonium compound is included in the compositions of the invention in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium compound is included in an amount of 0.5 to 5% w/w, most preferably 0.5 to 2.5W w/w.

Amongst the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are those in which R1 is alkyl, particularly those containing 20-22 carbon atoms. Most preferred are those containing mixtures of C20 and C22 quaternary ammonium compounds.

In the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds, usually R2, R3, R4 will be alkyl, particularly methyl or ethyl. Most preferably, R2, R3, R4 will be the same, especially methyl.

Usually X will be chlorine or bromine.

Second Ouaternary Ammonlum Compound The second quaternary ammonium compound is included in the compositions of the invention in an amount of 0.1 to 5% w/w. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium compound is included in an amount of 0.2 to 2.5%, most preferably 0.2 to 1% w/w.

Amongst preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are those in which both R5 and R5 are alkyl, particularly those containing 12 to 16 carbon atoms. Most preferred are those in which Rs and RE are the same.

In the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds, usually R7 and R8 will be alkyl, particularly methyl or ethyl. Most preferably R, and Re will be the same, especially methyl.

Usually Z will be chlorine or bromine.

Polyalkylsilicone The polyalkylsilicones used in the invention are non-volatile and are included in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w. A preferred silicone is dimethyl silicone which is known under the CTFA designation as dimethicone.

Preferably, the concentration of the silicone will be 0.02 to 2% w/w, most preferably 0.1 to 1.0% w/w.

Polyalkyl Hydroxy Terminated Silicone The non-volatile polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone is included in an amount of 0.1 to 5% w/w. A preferred silicone is dimethyl hydroxy terminated silicone known under the CTFA designation as dimethiconol.

Preferably the silicone will be included in the compositions of the invention in an amount of 0.02 to 2% w/w, most preferably 0.1 - 1.0% w/w.

Desirably the non-volatile polyalkyl silicone should be soluble in the non-volatile polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone. This allows for the ready incorporation of the polyalkyl silicone into the compositions of the invention. In this regard it should be noted that mixtures of such silicones are available for example from Dow-Corning under the designation Q2-l403.

Cationic Amino Functional Silicone The cationic amino functional silicone is included in the compositions of the invention in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w. Preferably, the concentration of this material will be 0.05 to 2.5k w/w, most preferably 0.1 to 2.0k w/w.

To assist with the incorporation of the cat ionic amino functional silicone into the compositions of the invention, it is preferred that it be in an emulsified form. Suitable emulsifiers include nonionic surfactants in combination with cationic surfactants.

Long Chain Fatty Alcohol A long chain fatty alcohol is included in the compositions of the invention in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w. Preferably, the long chain fatty alcohol is included in a concentration of 1 to 10% w/w, most preferably about 2.5 to 5% w/w.

The long chain fatty alcohol usually contains from about 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18, most preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

It is also within the scope of the invention to utilise mixtures of fatty alcohols.

Optional Ingredients A wide range of optional ingredients may be incorporated into the compositions of the invention.

These include materials such as preservatives, perfumes, dyes, alkalising agents, acidifying agents, viscosity modifiers, suspending agents, emulsion stabilising agents and supplemental conditioning agents.

Preservatives Amongst the preservatives that may be used are the parabens, in particular mixtures of methyl and propyl parabens.

Another preservative that may be used is diazolidinyl urea.

It should also be noted that mixtures of the aforementioned preservatives may be used.

Generally, the preservatives will be included in the formulation in amount of up to 1% w/w, preferably, 0.1 to 1% w/w, most preferably 0.2 to 0.7k w/w.

Perfumes And Dyes Perfumes and dyes may be included in the compositions of the invention to satisfy any particular organoleptic requirement.

Alkali sing Agents And Acidifying Agents To ensure maximum compatibility with the hair, it is desirable that the pH of the compositions of the invention be at about 7 or less. As appropriate, this may be achieved by either adding an acidic or an alkaline material.

In most cases, an acidic material will be required.

Typically, citric acid, phosphoric acid and the like may be used in order to achieve a satisfactory pH.

Viscosity Modifiers. Suspending Agents And Emulsion Stabilizers In order to maximize the long time stability of the compositions of the invention, a viscosity modifier/suspending agent/emulsion stabilizing agent may be included. Amongst the materials that may be used are cellulosic and modified cellulosic materials such as hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.

Typically, a cellulosic material may be included in the composition of the invention in an amount of 0.1 to 5% w/w, preferably 0.1 to 2% w/w, most preferably 0.2 to 1.0% w/w.

Supplemental Conditioning Agents To provide maximum benefit to the hair, suitable vitamins may be included in the composition of the invention. Amongst the vitamins that may be used are panthenol in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0% w/w, preferably about 0.1% and alpha tocopheryl, preferably as the acetate, in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0% w/w, preferably about 0.02 to 0.08% w/w, most preferably about 0.05% w/w.

In addition, long chain fatty acids such as castor oil may be included.

Preparation One manner in which the compositions of the invention may be prepared is to dissolve all of the water-solubles ingredients, excluding acidifying or alkalising materials, in an appropriate amount of water.

The non-volatile polyalkyl silicone together with the polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone and the emulsified cat ionic amino functional silicone is added to the water after the long chain fatty alcohol has been added. Any supplemental conditioning agents are added together with perfumes, vitamins and the like.

Acidifying or alkalising agents are then added as appropriate and a composition made to 100% with water.

In order to better understand the nature of the invention, an example will now be described.

Example Ingredients % w/w% Main Function DL-Alpha Tocopherol 0.05 Vitamin Acetate Varisoft BT 85 2.5 Conditioner Germaben 2 0.5 Preservative Varisoft 432PPG 1.0 Conditioner Silicone DC Q2-1403 1.0 Conditioner Silicone 929 2.0 Conditioner Cetyl Alcohol 80/20 5.0 Conditioner Castor Oil 1.0 Conditioner Natrasol 250HR 0.7 Emulsion stabilizer Citric Acid 0.1 Acidifier d-Panthenol 50P 0.1 Vitamin Fragrance 0.3 Perfume Water balanced to 100 Ingredients and kvailability DL-Alpha Tocopherol Acetate: Tocopheryl Acetate (Hoffman LaRoche) Varisoft BT 85: Behentrimonium chloride (Witco Co) Germaben 2: Propylene glycol (and) Diazolidinyl Urea (and) Methylparaben (and) Propylparaben(ISP) Varisoft 432PPG: Dicetyldimonium chloride(and)propylene glycol(Sherex USA) Silicone DC Q2-1403: Dimethicone (and) Dimethiconol(DowCorning) Silicone 929: Amodimethicone(and) Tallowtrimonium chloride (and) Nonxynol-l0 (Dow Corning) Cetyl Alcohol 80/20: Ceteryl alcohol (Kao) Castor Oil: Castor Oil (ICI) Natrasol 250HR: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (Aqualon-Wilmington USA) Citric Acid: Citric acid (Sungi Budi Indonesia) d-Panthenol 50P: d-Panthenol (BASF) The example was prepared as set out above.

Testing of the example using both hair tresses and in salons showed that it provided excellent conditioning of the hair in all respects.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. An aqueous hair conditioning composition comprising one or more of a first quaternary ammonium compound of the formula (II)

in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w wherein R5 and R6 are each independently an alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, R7 and Re are each independently alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z is a monovalent anion, and mixtures thereof; a non-volatile polyalkyl silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; a non-volatile polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; an emulsified cat ionic amino functional silicone in an amount of 0.01 to 5% w/w; a long chain fatty alcohol in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w; and the balance being water.

2. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the first quaternary ammonium compound is 0.5 to 5% w/w, preferably 0.5 to 2.5W w/w.

3. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the concentration of the second quaternary ammonium compound is 0.2 to 2.5t w/w, preferably 0.2 to 1.0% w/w.

4. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concentration of the polyalkylsilicone is 0.02 to 2% w/w, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% w/w.

5. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the concentration of the polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone is 0.02 to 2% w/w, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% w/w.

6. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the concentration of the cationic amino functional silicone 0.05% w/w to 2.5k w/w, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 w/w.

7. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the concentration of the long chain fatty alcohol is 1 to 10% w/w, preferably 2.5 to 5% w/w.

8. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein Rl is alkyl, preferably containing 20 to 22 carbon atoms.

9. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 8, wherein R2, R3 and R4 are alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.

10. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 9, wherein R2, R3 and R4 are the same, preferably methyl.

11. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein X is chlorine or bromine.

12. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein R5 and RE are both alkyl, preferably containing 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

13. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 12, wherein R5 and R6 are the same.

14. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 13, wherein R7 and Re are alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.

15. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 14, wherein R, and Re are the same, preferably methyl.

16. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein Z is chlorine or bromine.

17. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the polyalkysilicone is dimethylsilicone.

18. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the polyalkyl hydroxy terminated silicone is dimethiconol.

19. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 17 or claim 18, wherein dimethylsilicone is soluble in the dimethiconol.

20. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the long chain fatty alcohol contains 12 to 22 carbon atoms, most preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

21. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as in claim 20 including a mixture of long chain fatty alcohols.

22. An aqueous hair conditioning composition as hereinbefore described with reference to the Example.

23. The use of a composition according to any of claims 1 to 22 for conditioning hair.