GB2308538A - Coir dust - Google Patents
Coir dust Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2308538A GB2308538A GB9626571A GB9626571A GB2308538A GB 2308538 A GB2308538 A GB 2308538A GB 9626571 A GB9626571 A GB 9626571A GB 9626571 A GB9626571 A GB 9626571A GB 2308538 A GB2308538 A GB 2308538A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- coir pith
- dust
- briquettes
- coir
- pith
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
COIR PITH
The invention relates to coir pith. Coir pith is the residue from coconut husk, i.e. the residue remaining after the fibrous material is removed for rope manufacture and the like.
Coir pith is normally dried and compressed into briquettes, blocks or bales for export to Great Britain by the producers. The term briquettes will be used hereinafter to denote all these prior art forms of core pith.
The briquettes have for example previously been reconstituted by the addition of large volumes of water to produce a product for use as a peat substitute.
We have discovered that if the briquettes are reconstituted back into the original dry form, the resultant coir pith dust has a number of useful and sometimes unexplained uses.
Accordingly, our invention comprises taking a quantity of coir pith, for example in the form of briquettes and converting the coir pith into coir pith dust.
Preferably, the coir pith is converted to coir pith dust by a milling process.
The coir pith may be milled utilising a cutting head or milling head.
Specific machines to convert coir pith briquettes to coir pith dust may include the following : (a) a rotary knife or blade cutting against a stationary knife or blade or a
combination of a number of knives or blades in the horizontal and
vertical planes.
(b) a guillotine providing a chopping process to produce samples of desired
lengths and thicknesses.
(c) a hammer mill with a number of rotating flails or hammers which push
the resultant coir pith dust through stationary concave screens.
(d) a tumbling machine comprising a perforated rotating drum with paddles
or blades attached to an inner wall. By rotation and contact with the
wall and paddles the briquettes are broken down and the coir pith dust
exuded through the perforations in the wall of the drum at a required
size.
All the above processes may be carried out in the dry state, thus differentiating between motive processing and simple water expansion methods of reconstitution. The coir pith dust resulting from our process retains its dry form and further retains all its absorbent qualities.
After the above processes have been undertaken, it may be desirable to incorporate small amounts of water, oils, essences, silicone based surface tension adjusters, enzymes and digesters or naturally occurring products to tailor the coir pith dust to specific applications. It may also be incorporated within mats or blankets to produce a floating membrane.
The reconstituted coir pith dust, with or without incorporations, may be further refined by riddles, mixers and screens to produce consistently graded products.
We have discovered that coir pith dust has excellent hydroscopic and hydrophobic qualities and accordingly our invention also comprises a method of absorbing liquids by the application of the processed coir pith dust in any desired form.
The products produced by the above methods are many and various and may include the following :1. Sport : a dry application of coir pith dust may be applied to the goal
mouth of sporting pitches, such as football or hockey pitches, to render
them less wet and to improve the playing surface, or as a covering for
frosted areas.
2. Motor sport : applied to wet or oily track surfaces coir pith dust
efficiently absorbs any liquids making the track usable quickly and
safely.
3. Cricket : after a shower coir pith dust can be applied to the wicket ends
and run ups so that the ground can be quickly dried out and made safe
to allow play to resume with the minimum of delay or resultant
damage.
4. Equestrian bedding : to dry up stalls/boxes with the resultant waste
material being suitable for garden dressing or manure.
5. General fluid absorbent : coir pith dust spread on spillages of most
generally available fluids absorbs the fluids much more quickly than
any other commercially available clay based products and the resultant
waste material is much lighter.
6. Gardening : coir pith dust either alone or combined with other
naturally occurring commodities can be used as a general soil improver
or fertiliser.
7. Horticulture: coir pith dust can be used as a medium in its dry form
to initially to carry seeds and once wet as a growing medium giving
germination and moisture retention. Coir pith dust when blended with
denser materials such as calcified seaweed or sand increases the
bulking and improves the handling qualities of the other products
rendering them more attractive to the end user.
8. Pet litter : unlike other commodities, coir pith dust dries naturally and
this extends its longevity in use. When blended with other natural
products, the combinations are ideally suited for pet litter and an
additional plus point is that it can be disposed of to naturally degrade
on the garden.
9. Poultry and animal farming : coir pith dust applied to areas around
troughs absorbs excess moisture improving animal health and making
cleaning easier.
10. Packaging : coir pith dust in either its dry form or pressed with the
addition of moisture into pre-formed trays is a natural alternative to
polystyrene with none of the subsequent disposal problems or re-use
possibilities.
11. Insulation : in its loose form or reconstituted into a board or spray
applied form, coir pith dust has high insulation qualities.
12. Anti-slip : coir pith dust applied to wet or slippery surfaces has the
effect of increasing friction thereby reducing the slip factor.
13. Cleaning agent : in various forms the coir pith dust can be used as an
agent for the cleaning of oxidised deposits from soft metal when low
abrasion is a requirement.
14. Pelleting : for some of the above applications, the coir pith dust may
be produced in a pelletised form.
A specific example of the invention will now be given.
I have established that 1 kg of coir pith can be milled by our process to produce 5 litres of coir pith dust. It has been calculated that 500 units of coir pith dust would easily absorb 350 units of water and expand to a total of 1,500 units using the first milled coir pith dust.
One tonne of standard size briquettes can be used to produce 1,250 x 4 litre packs of coir pith dust.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. A method of manufacturing a treatment product comprising the steps of taking a quantity of coir pith in bulk form and converting the coir pith into coir pith dust.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, in which the coir pith in bulk form is in the form of briquettes.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, in which the briquettes are converted to coir pith dust by a milling process.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 2 or Claim 3, in which the briquettes are converted by a cutting or chopping process.
5. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 2 to 4, in which the briquettes are converted using a hammering or flailing process.
6. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims, in which a small amount of one or more of the following are added to or incorporated in the coir pith dust to tailor it to specific applications: water, oils, essences, silicone based surface tension adjusters, enzymes, digesters, other naturally occurring products.
7. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, in which the coir pith dust is used as a treatment product utilising the hydroscopic and hydrophobic properties of the coir pith dust.
8. A method as claimed in Claim 7, comprising absorbing liquid by the application of the coir pith dust.
9. A method of manufacturing a treatment product substantially as hereinbefore described.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9526642.5A GB9526642D0 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1995-12-29 | Coir pith |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9626571D0 GB9626571D0 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| GB2308538A true GB2308538A (en) | 1997-07-02 |
| GB2308538B GB2308538B (en) | 2000-02-09 |
Family
ID=10786150
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9526642.5A Pending GB9526642D0 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1995-12-29 | Coir pith |
| GB9626571A Expired - Fee Related GB2308538B (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1996-12-20 | Coir pith |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9526642.5A Pending GB9526642D0 (en) | 1995-12-29 | 1995-12-29 | Coir pith |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9526642D0 (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0867112A1 (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-09-30 | Paolo Pellegatta | Vegetable absorbent material for use as litter in zootechnical field |
| NL1006778C2 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1998-10-14 | Mels Elbert Doesburg | Floor covering material for animal enclosure |
| EP0898881A1 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-03-03 | Mels Elbert Doesburg | Ground covering materials and applications thereof |
| EP1010366A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-18 | Antonello Santini | Animal husbandry and bedding used |
| NL1015864C2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-05 | Komptech Sambeek B V | Method is for stabilizing riding school floor and involves mixture of floor material with natural particles preferably comprising coconut fibers with average size of 0.5 to 25 cm |
| US6408568B1 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-06-25 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and a non-coir/non-peat materials, and processes for the production thereof |
| EP1250836A2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-23 | Foundainton Limited | Disposable containers |
| WO2004078892A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Dainton Limited | Coir pith |
| NL1024072C2 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-10 | Codomar B V | Use of coconut dust for solidifying liquid material, especially bentonite-based fluids, liquids from latex or paint baths, animal and vegetable fats or oils, or sewage sludge |
| US6863027B1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-03-08 | Tilak Silva | Method of making coconut coir pitch cat litter from powder created from crushed coconut husks |
| WO2009058869A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed coconut coir pith granules and methods for the production and use thereof |
| WO2012150611A2 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Omega Ecotech Products India Private Limited | A process for refining pith obtained from coconut husk and manufacture of articles therefrom |
| US8316581B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2012-11-27 | Rubin Patti D | Compressed growing medium |
| US8381439B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2013-02-26 | Patti D. Rubin | Compressed growing medium including castings |
| US8563099B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-10-22 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
| US9756798B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2017-09-12 | Patti D. Rubin | Burrow filling compressed growing medium |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3703464A (en) * | 1971-05-20 | 1972-11-21 | Chevron Res | Treatment of oil spills |
| GB2137609A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-10-10 | Lawrence Joseph Leo St | Growing medium for plants |
| GB2272903A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-06-01 | Puwakdandawe Narayan Nandadasa | Organic material |
-
1995
- 1995-12-29 GB GBGB9526642.5A patent/GB9526642D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-12-20 GB GB9626571A patent/GB2308538B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3703464A (en) * | 1971-05-20 | 1972-11-21 | Chevron Res | Treatment of oil spills |
| GB2137609A (en) * | 1983-03-25 | 1984-10-10 | Lawrence Joseph Leo St | Growing medium for plants |
| GB2272903A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-06-01 | Puwakdandawe Narayan Nandadasa | Organic material |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0867112A1 (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-09-30 | Paolo Pellegatta | Vegetable absorbent material for use as litter in zootechnical field |
| NL1006778C2 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1998-10-14 | Mels Elbert Doesburg | Floor covering material for animal enclosure |
| EP0898881A1 (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1999-03-03 | Mels Elbert Doesburg | Ground covering materials and applications thereof |
| EP1010366A3 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2000-10-18 | Antonello Santini | Animal husbandry and bedding used |
| NL1015864C2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2002-02-05 | Komptech Sambeek B V | Method is for stabilizing riding school floor and involves mixture of floor material with natural particles preferably comprising coconut fibers with average size of 0.5 to 25 cm |
| US6408568B1 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-06-25 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and a non-coir/non-peat materials, and processes for the production thereof |
| WO2002059062A3 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2003-05-30 | Oms Investments Inc | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and non-coir/non-peat materials |
| AU2002243777B2 (en) * | 2001-01-23 | 2004-06-10 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and non-coir/non-peat materials |
| EP1250836A2 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2002-10-23 | Foundainton Limited | Disposable containers |
| EP1250836A3 (en) * | 2001-03-29 | 2003-12-03 | Dainton Limited | Disposable containers |
| WO2004078892A1 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2004-09-16 | Dainton Limited | Coir pith |
| US6863027B1 (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-03-08 | Tilak Silva | Method of making coconut coir pitch cat litter from powder created from crushed coconut husks |
| NL1024072C2 (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2005-02-10 | Codomar B V | Use of coconut dust for solidifying liquid material, especially bentonite-based fluids, liquids from latex or paint baths, animal and vegetable fats or oils, or sewage sludge |
| US8316581B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2012-11-27 | Rubin Patti D | Compressed growing medium |
| US8544206B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2013-10-01 | Patti D. Rubin | Compressed growing medium |
| US9756798B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2017-09-12 | Patti D. Rubin | Burrow filling compressed growing medium |
| US8563099B2 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2013-10-22 | Italgreen S.P.A. | Artificial turf structure and production method therefore |
| US8381439B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2013-02-26 | Patti D. Rubin | Compressed growing medium including castings |
| WO2009058869A1 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2009-05-07 | Oms Investments, Inc. | Compressed coconut coir pith granules and methods for the production and use thereof |
| WO2012150611A2 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Omega Ecotech Products India Private Limited | A process for refining pith obtained from coconut husk and manufacture of articles therefrom |
| WO2012150611A3 (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2013-01-03 | Omega Ecotech Products India Private Limited | Process for refining pith obtained from coconut husk |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2308538B (en) | 2000-02-09 |
| GB9626571D0 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| GB9526642D0 (en) | 1996-02-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| GB2308538A (en) | Coir dust | |
| CA2047558C (en) | Wood fiber crumbles | |
| AU2010227018B2 (en) | Plant growth medium | |
| BR0206666B1 (en) | A composition comprising a compressed blend of coconut fiber marrow and non-coconut fiber / non-peat material, and processes for its production. | |
| US4465019A (en) | Method for deodorizing animal waste and preparing pet litter | |
| Manikantan et al. | Harvest and postharvest technology | |
| US20210274745A1 (en) | Optimized System and Method for Making Extruded Granular Absorbent and Clumping Granular Absorbent Product | |
| Grimes et al. | Use of a litter material made from cotton waste, gypsum, and old newsprint for rearing broiler chickens | |
| AU2002243777A1 (en) | Compressed blends of coconut coir pith and non-coir/non-peat materials | |
| JP2006504527A5 (en) | ||
| US4424763A (en) | Citrus pulp litter for pet animals | |
| US6386144B1 (en) | Method of manufacturing absorbent material for conversion to fertilizer | |
| GB2113517A (en) | Plant pots | |
| US5443612A (en) | Methods of making agricultural materials | |
| Oviasogie et al. | Production, utilization and acceptability of organic fertilizers using palms and shea tree as sources of biomass | |
| Tooy et al. | Technical study of small-scale coconut husk decomposing equipment to reduce coconut husk waste in North Sulawesi | |
| CN106359136A (en) | Camellia-aroma type cat litter and processing technology thereof | |
| EP1927280A2 (en) | Method and plant for manufacturing of bedding for animals and such bedding | |
| KR20100006273A (en) | A preprocessing method of acquiring cornstalk rind by removing pith and the equipments implementing such process | |
| CH688134A5 (en) | Vibratory ball milling method and appliance for wood chips | |
| Annamalai et al. | By-product Utilization of Coconut, Arecanut and Cocoa Processing | |
| US20240011227A1 (en) | Coconut hard shell granular infill for synthetic sport fields | |
| RU2157066C2 (en) | Peat litter for cat's toilets and peat litter manufacture method | |
| CN106359134A (en) | Oriental cherry fragrance type cat litter and processing technique thereof | |
| Nair | A Catalogue of Field Equipment Used in the Cultivation of Subterranean Crops |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20141220 |