GB2304761A - Tool for cleaning or conditioning tubular structures such as well casings - Google Patents

Abstract

A tool for the cleaning and conditioning of tubular structures, such as well casings, comprises a central mandrel (1) upon which are mounted a plurality of interchangeable sleeves (4-9). The sleeves at each end bear stabilization elements enabling the tool to be used in a well casing of any disposition and the intermediate sleeves bear conditioning or cleaning elements (12) angularly spaced apart and separated by fluid channels (13), the cleaning elements of adjacent sleeves being off-set to form a substantially helical pattern of cleaning elements and channels to ensure 360{ of coverage as a tool is axially displaced within a well casing. The sleeves are mounted in such a way that relative rotation between them and the mandrel is prevented by a combination of keyways and of drive faces between adjacent sleeves formed by cut-away portions.

Description

TOOL FOR CLEANING OR CONDITIONING TUBULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS WELL CASINGS This invention relates to a tool for cleaning or conditioning tubular structures such as well casings.

More particularly, it relates to a tool which is intended for being mounted on a workstring and displaced axially through a tube and which has a plurality of cleaning or scratching elements for removing debris from the interior surface of the tube or otherwise conditioning the tube.

There are numerous cleaning tools available for this purpose, each of which has some disadvantages. In particular, many pre-existing tools require additional stabilization units to be provided on the work string on which the tool is suspended. This increases complexity and the number of parts which must be maintained or repaired as necessary. Furthermore, most pre-existing tools are designed for one particular purpose, size or material of tube or well casing and a different tool must be used with each different well casing or type of cleaning job required. Another problem is that many preexisting well cleaning or conditioning tools can only be used reliably in casings which are vertical.If the casing is more than a small angle off vertical, then it can be difficult to maintain correct angular or axial disposition of the tool with respect to the casing and this may lead to the tool getting stuck or incomplete cleaning.

The present invention arose in an attempt to provide an improved tool for use in tubes such as well hole casings.

According to the present invention there is provided a tool for conditioning the interior of a tubular structure, comprising a mandrel for connection to a workstring; and a plurality of interlocking sleeves mounted end to end along at least part of length of the mandrel, wherein at least one of the sleeves bears conditioning elements and at least one sleeve or the mandrel bears a stabilization element, means being provided for preventing relative rotation between the sleeves and the mandrel, such that, as the mandrel rotates, the sleeves rotate therewith.

The conditioning/cleaning elements may be of any desired type, eg pins, pads, fingers, blades, and of any suitable material for performing various cleaning operations and treatments inside a tubular structure such as a well casing. They may be U-shaped elements, resiliently mounted in a housing.

The means for preventing relative rotation between the mandrel and sleeves in operation may comprise the sleeve each having respective drive faces at their ends for abutting against a respective drive face of another sleeve. One or more drive faces, lugs or keyways may be provided for locating one or more sleeves with respect to the mandrel.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a well cleaning or conditioning tool; Figure 2 shows a cross section through II-II; Figure 3 shows a cross section through III-III; Figure 4 shows a spring; Figure 5 shows a scraper brush; Figures 6(a) to (d) show scraper brush assemblies in situ, showing two alternative spring mountings; Figures 7(a) and (b) show a lower stabilizer sleeve; Figures 8(a), (b) and (c) show an upper stabilizer sleeve; Figures 9(a), (b) and (c) show an end conditioning/cleaning element retaining sleeve; Figures 10(a), (b) and (c) show an intermediate conditioning/cleaning element retaining sleeve; Figure 11 shows a side view of the sleeve of Figure 9; Figure 12 shows a side view of the sleeve of Figure 10;; Figure 13 shows a mandrel and key; Figure 14 shows a lower subshaft; Figure 15 shows an alternative embodiment of a well cleaning or conditioning tool; Figure 16 shows an alternative embodiment of a scraper brush; and Figure 17 shows in cross-section the scraper brush of Figure 16 mounted on a mandrel.

An assembled tool for cleaning or conditioning tubular structures, in particular well casings, is shown in Figure 1 and the individual components are shown in the remaining figures. The tool comprises a central mandrel 1 connected at its lower end to a lower subshaft 2. The distal ends of the mandrel and subshaft are connected by standard API or other types of threaded connections to a work string (not shown) in conventional manner. In one embodiment, these may be 4 in (11.4 cm) i.f or regular threads. The tool can be raised or lowered on the work string and rotated with the work string as is well known.

Mounted on the mandrel are a plurality of cages or sleeves. In one example, these comprise an upper stabilizer sleeve 3 bearing four angularly-spaced stabilization elements 23, a lower stabilizer sleeve 4 again bearing four angularly-spaced stabilization elements and, between the two stabilization sleeves, five brush retaining sleeves 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 each bearing four angularly-spaced cleaning elements 12. More or less sleeves may alternatively be provided, and these may have more or less than four elements on each sleeve if desired, or if necessary due to the diameter of the tool. The elements may be the same or of different sizes and types.

The sleeves all have a bore through their centre sufficient for the sleeves to be mounted coaxially over the mandrel. In one example, a keyway 10 is used to locate the upper stabilizer sleeve 3 with respect to mandrel 1 and each of the remaining sleeves are keyed into each other by a series of drive faces as described below.

An additional spacer sleeve 11 is mounted below lower stabilization sleeve 4. This spacer sleeve 11 is merely a hollow cylindrical sleeve and, in combination with lower sub-shaft 2, allows the tread on the box 12 of the mandrel to be reworked after wear, thus allowing longer utilization of the mandrel. It will be noted that all of the sleeves are individually replaceable so that if one of them becomes worn or breaks it is only necessary to replace that sleeve and not the entire sleeve assembly.

Also, each element is individually replaceable within a sleeve, to repair damage or to replace an element by one of a different type.

The cleaning/conditioning elements or brushes 12 on the brush retaining sleeves are arranged four on each sleeve in this embodiment, spaced 90 apart.

Longitudinally, along the length of the tube, the brushes are arranged as shown in an off-set manner so that they form a discontinuous, generally helical, pattern down part of the length of the tool. This enables substantially continuous coverage through 3600 of the inner surface of a casing of a tube to be cleaned when the tool is moved axially through the tube. The tool will also preferably be rotated at the same time. Grooves or channels 13 are also formed in each cleaning/conditioning element retaining sleeve, between adjacent brushes, and these are shaped such that a continuous channel is formed along all of the cleaning/conditioning element retaining sleeves, which channel is again in a generally helical fashion.

The channel enables water or cleaning fluids for example to pass along the outside of the tool, between the brushes and the end casing. An internal bore 14 is formed in the mandrel and lower subshafts so that fluid can pass down through this bore and up through the channels 13, or viceversa.

Figure 2 shows a cross section through II-II indicating a cleaning/conditioning element retaining sleeve with four elements 12 in situ. The scraper brush assembly is more clearly shown in Figures 5 and 6 and comprises a plurality of pins 15 mounted in a holder 16.

Figure 5(a) shows a side view of a scraper brush assembly and Figure 5(b) shows a front view. A plurality of pins 15 are mounted in wire holder 16 which is resilient to enable its ends 17 to be deformed to enter a brush retaining slot in a sleeve. After the pins have been secured in place a retaining plate 17 is'welded into position under the pins, securing them. As shown, the pins towards the edges are formed with inclined faces to enable them better to match the internal shape of a well casing. Figure 5(c) shows an individual pin. Holes 18 are drilled through each end of the pin assembly after plate 17 has been welded in place. Two springs 19, as shown in Figure 4, are then placed into these holes, as shown in Figure 6(a). Figure 4(a) shows a plan view of a spring which is generally U-shaped in plan view. Figure 4(b) is a side view showing that the spring extends downwards from each end, is bent outward through 90O and is then bent back at approximately 450. The central portion of the spring 19a is arcuate as shown in the elevation view of Figure 4(c) to match the contour of the mandrel.

Figure 6(b) shows the scraper brush assembly in situ. Wire holder 16 is mounted within a slot 20 of sleeve 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 so that the bottom of a spring 19 rests against mandrel 1. The pins 15 are dimensioned so that they make contact with the internal surface 21 of a casing 22. Thus, as the tool is displaced the pins clean casing 22. It is seen that, if the tool is to be used on a casing of different internal diameter, it is an easy matter to replace each brush assembly with one in which the pins are longer or shorter, or differently positioned, to match the casing diameter.

As shown in Figure 6(a), the elements are preferably mounted such that the outside diameter of the tool is greater than the inner diameter of the casing, so that the elements are compressed in situ, and outwards force is applied by the mandrel.

Figures 6(c) and 6(d) show an alternative embodiment in which the shaped springs 19 are replaced by one or more coil springs 60, mounted in steel tubes 61 so as to protrude therefrom. One end of the or each coil spring is mounted to the welded plate 17 and the other end rests against mandrel 1, providing radially outwards pressure pushing the pins 15 into contact with the well casing.

Combinations of springs, or other resilient elements, may be used if desired, eg one or more springs 19 could be used in combination with one or more coil springs 60. Other types of springs or resilient means may be used.

Figure 3 shows a cross section through III-III, showing the stabilizer sleeve 3 around mandrel 1. A plurality of angularly spaced stabilizer inserts 23 are inserted into slots on sleeve 3. In this embodiment, four inserts 23 are provided, spaced by 900. The size of these inserts is determined, inter alia, by the actual internal diameter of the well casing so that the stabilizer inserts can precisely match the diameter for accurate stabilization. It is a simple matter to replace a set of stabilizer inserts (pads) by another, larger, set for example to accommodate a larger internal-diameter pipe.

The outer surface of each stabilizer insert is curved to match the internal curvature of a well casing and is made of a hard material such as a metal, typically hard surfaced with tungsten carbide inserts 23a of dimensions 25mm long, Smm wide and 3mm deep set in a tungsten carbide matrix. Preferably, all the inserts for each stabilizer sleeve are made from one machined ring, the parts of the ring between the stabilizer portions being cut off and discarded or re-used. The stabilizer inserts are secured into slots 24 of each stabilizer sleeve. The slots are shown in Figures 7(a) and 8(b). They may be secured by screwing into the corners of slot 24.

Figure 7(a) shows a longitudinal cross-section through lower stabilizer sleeve 4 and Figure 7(b) shows an end view illustrating, in dashed lines, the slots and channels. Figures 8(a) to (c) illustrate the upper stabilizer sleeve. Figure 8(a) is an upper end view illustrating slots 24 in dashed lines and also two finite grooves 25 forming a keyway for cooperating with the keyway 10 of the mandrel 1.

The mandrel itself is shown more clearly in Figure 13. The mandrel has an enlarged shoulder 26 before a rectangular keyway 10. A key 27 locates between this keyway and keyway 25 of the upper stabilizer shaft to retain the upper stabilizer shaft in place and prevent it from rotating with respect to the mandrel. In use, upper stabilizer shaft 3 is slid over the mandrel from the bottom until it abuts against shoulder 26 and the keyways engage.

In some tools it may be necessary, to maintain tool integrity, to machine or otherwise form one or more drive faces or lugs in the shoulder 26, for abutting against drive faces in the upper stabilisation elements, instead of or in addition to the mechanism of the keyways.

These may form axially disposed abutment surfaces.

At the lower surface of the upper stabilizer sleeve 3, a driving face 29 is formed. This is formed by cutting away a semi-circular portion of the surface by a particular depth, say 25 mm. This leaves an abutment surface 29 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool, and against which a corresponding driving surface 30, on one of the end brush retaining sleeves 5 abuts. Surface 30 is shown in Figure 10(b). When the mandrel 1 is rotated the upper stabilizer sleeve also rotates with mandrel by virtue of the keyway and the driving surface 29 causes the first brush retaining sleeve 30 also to turn.

None of these parts can turn independently. Each successive end of a brush retaining sleeve 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 also has a drive face surface as shown at 31, 32 and 33 for example in Figures 10(b) and 9(b) formed by a face parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tool.

Drive face 31 shown in Figure 10(b), is angularly displaced from face 30 by a chosen amount, in this case 180, from driving face 30. The same applies to each of the brush retaining sleeves where the two respective drive faces at each end are angularly displaced. This improves the performance of the tool by firstly avoiding each of the drive faces being along a single line which may tend to shear more easily and secondly by enabling the same design to be used for each of the end brush retaining sleeves and also a single design to be used for each of the intermediate brush retaining sleeves. Only the different angled drive faces need to be separately cut-away after manufacture. The channels 13 are shaped and spaced so that an angular displacement of 180 between adjacent sleeves automatically lines up the channels so that they are continuous and form the helical pattern described.Figures 11 and 12 are schematic side views of respectively an end stabilization sleeve and an intermediate stabilization sleeve. The figures show clearly the channels 13 and the slots for receiving the brushes 12. If the sleeve of Figure 12 is rotated about its longitudinal axis by 180, then the end 13a of one channel will lie in register with the end 13b of the second channel. It is seen how each of the end brush retaining sleeves may be identical, other than the cut out drive faces. Similarly, each of the intermediate brush-retaining sleeve may be identical other than the cut-outs. This clearly facilitates easier manufacture, requiring less moulds or dies.

Of course, the angular displacement between adjacent drive faces need not be 180 but could be other angles. There may be more or less than five stabilization sleeves or more or less than four brush assemblies on each sleeve. 18 is preferably chosen for a system having five cleaning sleeves since over the five sleeves the total rotation is 90 , thus ensuring total coverage over 360 for four equiangularly-spaced elements.

One some tools, particularly smaller diameter ones, it may not be appropriate to use drive faces cutaway from the sleeve to drive adjacent sleeves, particularly where it might reduce tool integrity. In these cases, other driving methods may be used. For example, keyways, lugs or splines may be formed in the mandrel which are elongate and run down substantially the entire length of the mandrel. Plain-ended sleeves can then be used which have keyways machined at different angles which locate at their respective different angles in the elongate mandrel keyways, lug or spline to provide angular displacement of adjacent sleeves. Alternatively, similar keyways may be used to those of Figure 1, but each set is dedicated to a single sleeve and are angularly and axially displaced to provide correct spacing for that sleeve.In these examples, orientation is achieved by forming (eg milling) keyways, lugs or inserts at different angular displacements on the sleeves.

The present invention allows for easy replacement of the various types of insert. Thus, the composition, profile, shape, material or other physical characteristics of the cleaning or conditioning elements can be chosen for each application of the tool to suit the type of casing or tubing being treated. High chromium casings, for example, may not be cleaned or treated with tools having metal contact surfaces. Conditioning or cleaning elements and stabiliser elements may be formed of any material, such as various metals, alloys, plastics materials, ceramic materials, composite materials, rubber, fibre, textile materials or combinations of these for example. Furthermore, the cleaning elements need not be pins but may be other types of elements, for example blades, fingers, differently shaped or profiled pins or other shapes.They may be of optimised profiles and/or in optimised orientation with respect to the tool. One example is of rectangular flat steel strips bonded to a rubber or other resilient backing block.

More than one row of elements may be present on each sleeve, or only one sleeve may be provided having a plurality of rows of elements. In these cases, the elements in adjacent rows in a single sleeve may be offset. A single sleeve may include both conditioning and stabilisation elements, usually in different axially displaced rows.

Figure 14 shows the lower subshaft 2 and indicates more clearly the box 30 which cooperates with pin 31 of the mandrel 1 to form a conventional pin and box threaded API or other types of threaded construction. In one example, the diameter of this will be 4.5 inches (11.4 cm).

Figure 15 shows an alternative embodiment of the tool in which, instead of keyway 10, the mandrel is itself formed with a drive face 40, which abuts a drive face 41 on the first stabiliser sleeve. This avoids the need for a keyway and may improve the structural integrity of the tool, in addition to improved prevention of relative rotation between the mandrel and the various sleeves mounted upon it.

Figure 16 shows an alternative brush scraper assembly. This embodiment includes one or more springs 60 and spring housings 61, similar to that of Figures 6(c) and (d). The conditioning elements in this embodiment are U-shaped elements 63 of any material suitable for scraping or otherwise conditioning the inside of a well. The elements are mounted in an upturned fashion in a housing 64, to rest on a backplate 65. They are securely held in place by an infill of a filler material 66. As shown, the edges of the U-shaped elements are profiled to match the inner profile of a well in which the tool is used.

Figure 17 is a drawing similar to that of Figure 2, showing a conditioning element bearing the scrapers of Figure 16, in situ. The figure clearly shows how each spring 60 acts against the mandrel 1 to exert an outward force on the scraper elements to urge them into contact with a well casing.

The springs, or other resilient means, in embodiments of the invention, may provide a predetermined contact loading for the conditioning and/or stabilisation elements and are selected accordingly, or their tension, compression or other parameters adjusted accordingly.

Claims (24)

1. A tool for conditioning the interior of a tubular structure, comprising a mandrel for connection to a workstring; and a plurality of interlocking sleeves mounted end to end along at least part of length of the mandrel, wherein at least one of the sleeves bears conditioning elements and at least one sleeve or the mandrel bears a stabilization element, means being provided for preventing relative rotation between the sleeves and the mandrel, such that, as the mandrel rotates, the sleeves rotate therewith.

2. A tool as claimed in Claim 1, wherein two stabilization element-bearing sleeves are included, the or each conditioning element-bearing sleeve being mounted between the stabilization sleeves.

3. A tool as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the conditioning and/or stabilization sleeves are interchangeable.

4. A tool as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the sleeves is mounted to the mandrel by means of a keyway, drive face or lug preventing relative rotation.

5. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjacent faces of sleeves are provided with drive faces such that as one sleeve is rotated by a workstring through the mandrel, it drives the adjacent sleeve to also rotate.

6. A tool as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the mandrel is provided with a drive face acting against a cooperating drive face on a first one of the sleeves.

7. A tool as claimed in Claims 4, 5 or 6, wherein the drive portions are formed by cut-away sections of the ends of the sleeves, the cut-away sections forming drive faces in a plane parallel to the axial direction of the tool.

8. A tool as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the drive faces on each respective end of a sleeve are angularly displaced from each other to a chosen degree.

9. A tool as claimed in Claim 8, wherein five conditioning element-sleeves are provided and the angular displacement is 18".

10. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conditioning elements are cleaning elements, a plurality of elements being provided on each cleaning element retaining sleeve.

11. A tool as claimed in Claim 10, wherein axially adjacent elements are off-set such that along the length of the tool the elements form a generally helical structure to enable full 3600 coverage of the inside of a tubular structure as the tool is axially displaced within the tubular structure.

12. A tool as claimed in Claim 11, wherein channels are formed between the cleaning elements of each sleeve, the channels being connected across adjacent sleeves to form a substantially continuous, substantially helical channel for the passage of fluid between the cleaning elements.

13. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the stabilization elements are dimensioned to accurately match the internal diameter of the tubular structure.

14. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conditioning and/or stabilisation elements are resiliently mounted within a rigid sleeve.

15. A tool as claimed in Claim 14, wherein one or more elements are resiliently mounted within their sleeve by one or more springs which act against the mandrel to urge the elements into engagement with the interior of a tubular structure in situ.

16. A tool as claimed in Claim 15, wherein the spring or springs provide a predetermined contact loading.

17. A tool as claimed in any of Claims 14 to 16, wherein each conditioning element comprises one or more pins, blades or fingers.

18. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conditioning and/or stabilization elements are interchangeable and/or replaceable.

19. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further including a sub-shaft mounted to one end of the mandrel and a spacer sleeve mounted at or towards the end of the mandrel which is connected to the subshaft.

20. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elements are of metal, alloy, plastics materials, rubber, composites, fibres or a combination of these.

21. A tool as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the conditioning elements comprise a housing, and a plurality of conditioning inserts mounted so as to protrude from the housing, the inserts being selected to have a desired profile, composition and/or pattern suitable for a particular use.

22. A tool as claimed in Claim 21, wherein the inserts are of U-shaped cross-section.

23. A tool as claimed in Claim 22, wherein the inserts are mounted on a spring-loaded base to protrude from the housing.

24. A tool substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the accompanying drawings.