GB2297377A - Detecting explosive liquids by NIR absorption - Google Patents
Detecting explosive liquids by NIR absorption Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2297377A GB2297377A GB9501452A GB9501452A GB2297377A GB 2297377 A GB2297377 A GB 2297377A GB 9501452 A GB9501452 A GB 9501452A GB 9501452 A GB9501452 A GB 9501452A GB 2297377 A GB2297377 A GB 2297377A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- nir
- screening device
- spectrum
- radiation
- bottle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000019520 non-alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibenzylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 BWLUMTFWVZZZND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAMZXMDZZWGPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate;toluene Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 OAMZXMDZZWGPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
- G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
Screenlnz Devlce This invention relates to a screening device capable of screening the contents of bottles and similar containers to determine the presence or otherwise of liquid incendiaries or explosives.
Hereinafter references to bottles shall be construed as references to bottles and similar containers. including those fabricated from some plastics.
Liquid incendiaries and explosives represent a considerable threat to aviation security. Such liquids can be readily transported onto aircraft contained within commonplace bottles normally used to contain alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages.
The increased availability of bottle sealing equipment, for example that supplied for use in the home-brew market means that visual inspection of bottles for signs of tampering with the seal is no longer a reliable screening technique. Moreover, even though liquid incendiaries and explosives may differ in colour and viscosity from both alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages they may remain difficult to screen visually when concealed within coloured bottles.
In order to reduce the threat represented by liquid incendiaries and explosives it is desirable to have available in the detection systems used to examine baggage at for example airports, a quick and reliable device for the non-invasive screening of bottles for the presence of such liquid incendiaries and explosives. It is important that any device so used should be capable of screening even those bottles fabricated from visibly opaque material without affecting their seals.
The present invention utilizes the differences between the near infrared (NIR) (780-2500 nm) characteristic transmission spectra of common liquid incendiaries and explosives and that of common alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
The transmission spectra of common beverages, including spirits and wines, typically show an NIR absorption band in the region of 980-1000 nm which is due to the second overtone of the stretching mode of free -OH of the water contained within these beverages. In some beverages this band is present but may be split due to the different vibrational characteristics of hydrogen bonded and non hydrogen bonded water molecules present.
By contrast common organic combustible liquids, including petrol; paraffin; acetone; ethyl acetate; toluene; ethanol and white spirit, exhibit a characteristic NIR absorption band in the region of 900-930 nm due to the third -CH overtone. In some combustible liquids this band is present but is split due to the differences between methyl and methylene -CH's. Aromatic compounds such as toluene may also exhibit two distinct sharp peaks in this region. The peak at around 910 nm being due to the third overtone band of the aromatic -CH's while that at around 930 nm is due to the aliphatic -CH's.
In further contrast, amines found in some liquid explosives, including diethylamine; triethylamine; n-butylamine; dibenzylamine and ethanolamine not only exhibit a characteristic absorption band in the region of 890-930 nm due to the third overtone of -CH (as with the common combustibles) but also exhibit a band at about 1040 nm due to the second overtone of -NH.
Since the absorption bands due to -OH, -CH and -NH vibrational modes each occur in different wavelength regions of a transmission spectrum then these bands may be employed in the screening of bottles for the presence of liquid incendiaries or explosives.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a screening device comprising a radiation emitter for illuminating with NIR radiation a bottle to be screened, a bottle holder, a detector for detecting the intensity of NIR radiation transmitted from the radiation emitter through the bottle and a spectrum analyser operably connected to the detector, the spectrum analyser being capable of generating a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum and of analysing the spectrum for the presence of a combination of two or more absorption bands selected from the group of absorption bands due to one or more of the vibrational modes of -OH, -CH and -NH.
Since the amplitude of the recorded transmission spectra is largely a function of the path length of the NIR radiation through the bottle it is most advantageous to arrange for the radiation emitter and the detector to be generally opposing one another.
For reasons of speed and mechanical simplicity most usefully the radiation emitter may comprise an array of independently controllable light sources, for example NIR emitting light emitting diodes (LEDs), each being adapted to provide radiation in different narrow wavelength regions of the NIR. Thus in use each source is actuated in turn so that the bottle is illuminated with a succession of narrow wavelength spread radiation pulses which in total cover the NIR wavelength region of interest.The detector then operates to monitor the intensity of the transmitted light associated with each of the light sources and the spectrum analyser, which can conveniently comprise a suitably programmed computer, may be configured to record the output of the detection means as a function of which light source in the array is actuated, thereby generating a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum.
The independently controllable light sources may be limited to provide radiation of up to approximately 1050 nm since the characteristic absorption bands of interest lie within this region.
This has the advantage that either the number of light sources may be reduced compared with that required to cover the entire NIR region or that the wavelength spread of each light source may be reduced.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the radiation emitter may comprise a single light source, for example a tungsten-halogen lamp, capable of producing a continuous output across the NIR region of interest. Where such a single light source is used then, for example, a diffraction grating spectrometer may be employed in operable connection with the spectrum analyser in order to generate a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum.
Since the level of background NIR radiation, from both natural and artificial light, is high and may swamp any signal from the detector due to NIR radiation from the radiation emitter it is most advantageous to reduce the effects of this ambient NIR radiation. To this end the bottle screening device may additionally comprise a light proof housing disposed to contain the bottle holder and to limit the level of ambient NIR radiation incident on the detector, for example by being disposed to also contain the detector.
Additionally or alternatively the effects of ambient NIR radiation may be reduced by employing a pulsed radiation emitter and a detector adapted to operate in timed relation thereto.
Since bottles often have on them labels which may obstruct the light path between the radiation emitter and the detector and since these labels may be in different positions on different bottles it is advantageous if the position of the bottle relative to the radiation emitter and the detector is changeable, for example by providing an adjustable bottle holder capable of moving the bottle so as to avoid obstruction of the light path by the label.
In order to reduce the number of false negatives, ie those bottles containing liquid incendiaries or explosives but determined using the device not to represent a threat, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the spectrum analyser is adapted to determine the presence of the absorption bands due to the vibrational mode of the -OH and -CH. Using this combination of absorption bands non-alcoholic beverages may be detected since only the -OH band is expected to be present; alcoholic beverages may be detected since either only the -OH band or a combination of -OH and -CH bands are present; and liquid incendiaries and explosives may be detected since only the -CH band and not the -OH is expected to be present.This preferred embodiment may be further refined by providing a spectrum analyser which is capable of determining the relative intensities of the absorption bands of the -OH and -CH vibrational modes when both are present in the same spectrum of a supposed alcoholic beverage.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for screening bottles for the presence or otherwise of liquid incendiaries and explosives comprising the steps of:
illuminating the bottle to be screened with NIR radiation;
detecting the intensity of NIR transmitted through the bottle;
from the detected intensity generating a wavelength dependent
NIR transmission spectrum; and
analysing that spectrum for the presence of a combination of two or more absorption bands selected from the group of absorption bands due to one or more of the vibrational modes of -OH, -CH and -NH.
In order to reduce the number of false negatives produced this method may be further refined by analysing the spectrum for the presence of the group absorption bands due to -OH and -CH vibrational modes. This method for determination of the presence or otherwise of liquid incendiaries or explosives may be still further refined by including the step of analysing the spectrum to determine the intensities of the absorption bands due to -OH and -CH vibrational modes.
An embodiment of the screening device according to the first aspect of the present invention will now be described by way of example only and with reference to the drawings of the accompanying figure where:
Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the screening device
A commercially available NIR spectrophotometer (a Trebor 8500
NIR Spectrum Composition Analyser) comprising a radiation emitter 1, having 37 independently controllable NIR emitting LEDs for generating
NIR energy at discrete wavelengths from 605 nm to 1050 nm, and a silicon detector 2.
The bottle holder 3 comprises a light proof housing 4 to limit adverse effects of ambient light and an adjustable base 5 to control the height on the bottle (not shown) at which measurements are made.
The base 5 is variable over approximately 90 mm to allow for differing positioning of labels on bottles by means of a cooperating spring 9 and threaded adjuster 10 arrangement. The adjuster 10 is placed centrally of the base 5 and acts against the two springs 9, situated either side of the adjuster 10 which tend to urge the base 5 towards its lowest position within the housing 4.
NIR from the radiation emitter 1 is focussed by the lens 11 into a fibre optic guide 6 which guides the NIR to the bottle. The NIR transmitted through the bottle is guided by the fibre optic guide to the detector 2. These fibre optic cables 6,7 are held generally opposite one another and are laterally adjustable so as to be able to make contact with the bottle to be screened.
The spectrum analyser 8 comprises a suitably programmed computer operably connected to the output of the detector 2.
In use the LEDs are switched on and off in turn and the detector 2 is arranged to collect NIR generated by the LEDs which is transmitted through a bottle under test and to produce an output signal proportional to the intensity of incident NIR radiation. This output signal is passed to the spectrum analyser 8 where the computer generates a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum and stores it for subsequent analysis.
The spectra obtained in this way are generally apparently featureless to the eye and statistical analysis, in the form of canonical variate analysis (CVA), is employed within the spectrum analyser 8 to extract meaningful information. Conveniently the computer used to generate and store the spectra can also be programmed to carry out such analysis. In this embodiment, the computer which comprises the spectrum analyser 8 is programmed to compare the transmission spectrum to be analysed with a number of previously stored reference spectra which have previously been classified into two groups (for convenience hereinafter referred to benign and undesirable). Using CVA the probability of the spectrum to be analysed belonging to any one of the groups is determined by the computer. The spectrum to be analysed is then classified as belonging to the most probable group.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the results of the analysis carried out by the spectrum analyser 8 can be made known to a human operator in a number of ways, for example by having a warning light operatively connected to an output of the spectrum analyser so that it illuminates only when an undesirable assignment has been made.
Claims (10)
1. A screening device comprising a radiation emitter for illuminating with NIR radiation a bottle to be screened, a bottle holder, a detector for detecting the intensity of NIR radiation transmitted from the radiation emitter through the bottle and a spectrum analyser operably connected to the detector, the spectrum analyser being capable of generating a wavelength dependent transmission spectrum and of analysing the spectrum for the presence of a combination of two or more absorption bands selected from the group of absorption bands due to one or more of the vibrational modes of -OH, -CH and -NH.
2. A screening device as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the radiation emitter and the detector are arranged generally opposing one another.
3. A screening device as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the radiation emitter comprises an array of independently controllable light sources.
4. A screening device as claimed in Claim 3 wherein each light source is an NIR emitting LED.
5. A screening device as claimed in Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein the independently controllable light sources adapted to provide NIR radiation of up to approximately 1050 nm.
6. A screening device as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the is additionally provided a light proof housing disposed to contain the bottle holder and to limit the level of ambient light incident on the detector.
7. A screening device as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the radiation emitter is adapted to provide pulses of NIR radiation and the detector is adapted to operate in timed relation thereto.
8. A screening device as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the spectrum analyser is adapted to determine the presence of absorption bands due to the vibrational modes of -OH and of -CH.
9. A screening device as claimed in claim 8 wherein the spectrum analyser is further adapted to determine the intensity of each of the absorption bands present.
10. A method for screening bottles for the presence or otherwise of liquid incendiaries and explosives comprising the steps of:
illuminating the bottle to be screened with NIR radiation;
detecting the intensity of NIR transmitted through the bottle;
from the detected intensity generating a wavelength dependent
NIR transmission spectrum; and
analysing that spectrum for the presence of a combination of two or more absorption bands selected from the group of absorption bands due to one or more of the vibrational modes of -OH, -CH and -NH.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9501452A GB2297377B (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1995-01-25 | Screening device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9501452A GB2297377B (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1995-01-25 | Screening device |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9501452D0 GB9501452D0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| GB2297377A true GB2297377A (en) | 1996-07-31 |
| GB2297377B GB2297377B (en) | 1999-03-10 |
Family
ID=10768550
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9501452A Expired - Fee Related GB2297377B (en) | 1995-01-25 | 1995-01-25 | Screening device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2297377B (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001050114A2 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-12 | Sebacur Ag | Device for detecting munitions, drugs, explosives etc. using molecular spectroscopy in the radio frequency range |
| DE10326152A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-01-05 | Aventis Pharma Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for the quantitative analysis of solutions and dispersions by means of near-infrared spectroscopy |
| WO2007006099A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | The Australian Wine Research Institute | Non-destructive analysis by vis-nir spectroscopy of fluid (s) in its original container |
| US7368292B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2008-05-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Differential reflection spectroscopy system and method for detecting explosives and other target materials |
| FR2924806A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-12 | Alessandro Manneschi | DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE CONTENT OF A CONTAINER BY MEASURING ABSORPTION. |
| FR2924807A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-12 | Alessandro Manneschi | DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE CONTENT OF AN IMPROVED CONTAINER. |
| US7755051B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2010-07-13 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for the quantitative analysis of solutions and dispersions by means of near infrared spectroscopy |
| EP2348303A1 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2011-07-27 | Osaka University | Liquid inspecting method and liquid inspecting device |
| AU2006269828B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2011-10-27 | The Australian Wine Research Institute | Non-destructive analysis by VIS-NIR spectroscopy of fluid (s) in its original container |
| WO2012075958A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | 霍尼韦尔综合科技(中国)有限公司 | Real-time online absorption detection system |
| US8525114B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2013-09-03 | University Of Wyoming Research Corporation | Standoff explosives detection |
| US9080962B1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2015-07-14 | Alessandro Manneschi | Device for analysing composition of contents of a container by measuring absorption |
| WO2015159043A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-10-22 | University Of Leicester | In-bottle detection method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2110819A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-06-22 | Nat Res Dev | Analysis apparatus |
| US4447725A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1984-05-08 | Biggs Delmar A | Quantitative measurement of fat, protein and lactose in dairy products |
| WO1989009931A1 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-10-19 | International Integrated Systems, Inc. | System of fluid inspection and/or identification |
| GB2250814A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-06-17 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | Measuring components of dairy products using infra red absorption |
| EP0494734A2 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1992-07-15 | Ford Motor Company Limited | A method and apparatus for determining the composition of a fuel mixture |
-
1995
- 1995-01-25 GB GB9501452A patent/GB2297377B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2110819A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-06-22 | Nat Res Dev | Analysis apparatus |
| US4447725A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1984-05-08 | Biggs Delmar A | Quantitative measurement of fat, protein and lactose in dairy products |
| WO1989009931A1 (en) * | 1988-04-13 | 1989-10-19 | International Integrated Systems, Inc. | System of fluid inspection and/or identification |
| GB2250814A (en) * | 1990-06-15 | 1992-06-17 | Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd | Measuring components of dairy products using infra red absorption |
| EP0494734A2 (en) * | 1991-01-07 | 1992-07-15 | Ford Motor Company Limited | A method and apparatus for determining the composition of a fuel mixture |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001050114A3 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2002-07-25 | Sebacur Ag | Device for detecting munitions, drugs, explosives etc. using molecular spectroscopy in the radio frequency range |
| WO2001050114A2 (en) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-12 | Sebacur Ag | Device for detecting munitions, drugs, explosives etc. using molecular spectroscopy in the radio frequency range |
| US7755051B2 (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2010-07-13 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for the quantitative analysis of solutions and dispersions by means of near infrared spectroscopy |
| DE10326152A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-01-05 | Aventis Pharma Deutschland Gmbh | Method and device for the quantitative analysis of solutions and dispersions by means of near-infrared spectroscopy |
| WO2007006099A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | The Australian Wine Research Institute | Non-destructive analysis by vis-nir spectroscopy of fluid (s) in its original container |
| AU2006269828B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2011-10-27 | The Australian Wine Research Institute | Non-destructive analysis by VIS-NIR spectroscopy of fluid (s) in its original container |
| US7368292B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2008-05-06 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Differential reflection spectroscopy system and method for detecting explosives and other target materials |
| US8525114B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2013-09-03 | University Of Wyoming Research Corporation | Standoff explosives detection |
| US9080962B1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2015-07-14 | Alessandro Manneschi | Device for analysing composition of contents of a container by measuring absorption |
| EP2071319A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-17 | Alessandro Manneschi | Device for analysing the composition of the contents of a container by measuring its absorption |
| EP2071320A1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-17 | Alessandro Manneschi | Device for analysing the composition of the contents of a container |
| FR2924807A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-12 | Alessandro Manneschi | DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE CONTENT OF AN IMPROVED CONTAINER. |
| FR2924806A1 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-12 | Alessandro Manneschi | DEVICE FOR ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF THE CONTENT OF A CONTAINER BY MEASURING ABSORPTION. |
| US9335260B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2016-05-10 | Alessandro Manneschi | Device for analysing composition of contents of a container |
| EP2348303A1 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2011-07-27 | Osaka University | Liquid inspecting method and liquid inspecting device |
| EP2348303A4 (en) * | 2008-10-06 | 2014-04-16 | Univ Osaka | Liquid inspecting method and liquid inspecting device |
| US9377398B2 (en) | 2008-10-06 | 2016-06-28 | Osaka University | Liquid inspecting method and liquid inspecting device |
| WO2012075958A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | 霍尼韦尔综合科技(中国)有限公司 | Real-time online absorption detection system |
| WO2015159043A1 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2015-10-22 | University Of Leicester | In-bottle detection method |
| US9778239B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2017-10-03 | University Of Leicester | In-bottle detection method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2297377B (en) | 1999-03-10 |
| GB9501452D0 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20060125 |