GB2295243A - Cylindrical transfer-multiplexed rainbow hologram - Google Patents
Cylindrical transfer-multiplexed rainbow hologram Download PDFInfo
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- GB2295243A GB2295243A GB9423042A GB9423042A GB2295243A GB 2295243 A GB2295243 A GB 2295243A GB 9423042 A GB9423042 A GB 9423042A GB 9423042 A GB9423042 A GB 9423042A GB 2295243 A GB2295243 A GB 2295243A
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- rainbow
- hologram
- image
- images
- cylinder
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/24—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms using white light, e.g. rainbow holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
- G03H2001/2263—Multicoloured holobject
- G03H2001/2268—Rainbow hologram
Abstract
A cylindrical Rainbow hologram comprises a plurality of transferred holoplane multiplexed images which are individually exhibited whole to an observer's eye, and are seen stereoscopically superimposed within the cylinder/part cylinder, which latter can exhibit a kinematic series of images if rotated. Details of the optical system and the method used in producing the cylinder are provided and include the means for producing the hologram in natural colour, e.g. using colour separation. Illustrated are the cylinder 14; a white light source 24; two overlapping images, 16, 23, the observed composite image 15; light rays 17, 18, projected from the two images, comprising a fixed vertical Rainbow component and a horizontal component which is modified by the cylinder's curvature to produce vertical viewing slits at the optimum Rainbow viewing distance, where the Rainbow spectra 19, 20 are shown inclined at the tip angle. <IMAGE>
Description
CYLINDRICAL TRANSFER-KULTI PLEXED RAINBOW HOLOGRAX
This invention relates to a cylindrical transfer-multiplexd holoplane Rainbow hologram and to an optical system for producing it as a Rainbow hologram and as a natural colour Rainbow hologram.
The well known type of cylindrical hologram developed by Lloyd-Crosse comprises a plurality of abutted or overlapping nan-ow strip Rainbow holograms, and the image is seen within the cylinder through these vertical strips.
There is no provision for natural colour and any subject movement is recorded in the strips as a successive displacement, called time-smear, of the subject across the image area.
One form of stereogram developed by Benton differs from the above in producing a holoplane, "achromatic" Rainbow-window image also composed of a plurality of strips. It also therefore is subject to the "time smear" associated with the multi-strip image, and makes no provision for natural colour.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for producing the cylindrical transfer-multiplexed holoplane Rainbow hologram, which method includes the use of the optical principles here disclosed to produce strip holograms which, when transferred holographically, produce the multiplexed hologram herein described, and there is also provided the cylindrical transfer-multiplexed holoplane Rainbow hologram, in which the image seen whole by each eye is produced from a single strip hologram and usually derived from a single image frame and therefore is not subject to "time smear" across its area; in which cylindrical Rainbow hologram various pairs of such individual holoplane images are seen binocularly superimposed on a virtual image plane within the cylinder, which latter therefore acts as a traditional stereoscope, permitting the representation of a full range of depths before and behind the said image plane; and in which the projected vertical viewing slits provide the colour spectra associated with Rainbow holograms, and, if "colour separation" transparencies are utilised to produce natural colour by employing overlapping "Rainbow" spectra, the colour-separation images may be simultaneously multiplexed onto the intermediate strip holograms and subsequently transferred together to form superimposed colour separation holoplane images. which are recorded together with the angular component's of the rays which produce their Rainbow "windows";; and the optical system here described incorporates a method whereby the presently known technique of placing a plurality of transfer master images along the Rainbow "tip-angle" is achieved by the optical system here described by projecting the several Rainbow images' "windows" to produce their holographic virtual images, at different depths aligned along the required "tip-angle", so that they may be transferred simultaneously to reproduce the known result; and in which cylindrical Rainbow hologram, the projected distance of the vertical viewing slits may be varied independently of the projected distance of the Rainbow window, which latter is determined by the optical apparatus, by varying the transfer distance and cylinder radius, and by which means the projection of the vertical real-image of each strip hologram is extended and made to coincide with the position of the horizontal Rainbow window; and in which the cylindrical curvature applied to the particular multiplexed hologram herein described is the means whereby each of the overlapping holoplane transferred images may be seen uniquely by each eye as a Rainbow image, and is the means by which binocular convergence is imposed to produce the perceived superimposition of the various
Rainbow images.
The cylinder hologram comprises a plurality of images multiplexed on to a length of holographic film by transferring, by known means, simultaneously or in groups, a plurality of abutted or overlapping strip holograms, each of which represents an image of the subject to be displayed, and which strip holograms are produced by the means disclosed in this invention in order that these transferred multiplexed images. when illuminated, produce two sets of viewing slits on the same side of the hologram, one of which comprises the vertical real images oi the strip holograms, while the other set comprises the horizontal "Rainbow" viewing slits created by the imposed direction of the the rays used in producing the strip holograms with the optics described hereinafter.
The contrary viewing requirements of a long projection of the Rainbow viewing window combined with the need to maximise the angle which the screen image subtends at the strip hologram without employing lenses wider than the final image, are provided for in this invention by the increase in the vertical viewing strips' projected distance which is created by the curvature applied to the multiplexed film to form the cylinder. The distance of the Rainbow viewing window is determined by the optical system, and the distance from the film of the two sets of viewing slits can be made to coincide by fuzing a lens law.
If the strips are transferee at an orthogonal distance of "F"; the cylinder's radius is "u"; and the "Rainbow" distance is "V"; then F = uV / V+u.
Trie optical system now disclo sed, which is employed to produce the strip holograms, typically comprise untie or more sets of coiiiinaLing and projection lenses, usually "spherical", with one or more associated transparencies, e.g. one or more filstrips; a "spherical" field lens; a unidirectional diffuser or a large aperture cylindrical lens which may be a Fresnel lens, or a H.O.E., or any combination of these. The holographic film for the strip holograms is masked, with a slit aperture, and is provided with some means for moving it between exposures.A bealbsplitter and unidirectional beam-expander with a collimator is employed to provide a reference "ray-sheet" impinging obliquely on the slit aperture at right angles to the film. The focal length of the field lens is chosen to produce its pairs of conjugate foci at the projection lens/lenses* and at the chosen Rainbow window distance beyond the strip film . The unidirectional diffuser, or "screen', acts at right angles to the Rainbow viewing slit's ray component which is formed by the undssflected rays converging from the field lens, and directs light from the whole image towards the aperture in the mask.If colour-separation transparencies are employed, the collimator, transparency and projection-lens sets are mounted in line with the slit aperture im the mask, and placed to provide the correct angular separation of the projected image beams which are focused on the diffuser in register. Subject to production and viewing conditions and trials, and as a guide, the succesive angular separations are approximately 6 degrees each, with the "red" image normal to the hologram, followed by the "green" and the "blue". Each strip hologram is exposed to the "red", "green" and "blue" images simultaneously, which are thus multiplexed on the strip and record the angle of each "colour" benm for the subsequent transfer operation.
The viewing window of a Rainbow hologram is inclined at an angle to the film, called the tip-angle. For the correct overlapping of the inclined planes of the Rainbow windows which are used to produce an additive natural colour image, the several projection lenses need to be "staggered" at an angle to the horizontal in order that their conjugate foci through the field lens, one for each projection lens, should lie along a tip angle. A graphical method for calculating this angle for particular cases has been described in the literature. The required angle varies around 35 degrees. The projection lenses may, however, be mounted in a line at right angles to the field lens if such accuracy is not required. A graphical method of determining the "stagger" of the projection lenses for a given tip angle is included with the description of the drawings given hereafter.
In the cylindrical hologram the display may comprise one or more images, a 3 dimensional image produced from a series of multi-stereo images, and/or the display may comprise a kinematic exhibition of a series of kinematic images employed in its production.
A specific example of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure 1 shows scheDatically, in plan view, the principles of the optical system used to produce the particular intermediate strip holograms described above;
Figure 2 illustrates schematically, in elevation, the same optical system;
Figure 3 illustrates schematically the cylinder, and the disposition of two sets of specimen light rays forming viewpoints for two of the resulting multiplexed holoplane
Rainbow images;
Figure 4 illustrates a frame for the transfer of the strip holograms to form the multiplexed hologram;
Figure 5 illustrates one method for producing colour-separation transparencies which automatically provides for image registration on the screen;;
Figure 6 illustrates a graphical method for determining the "stagger" angle of three projection lenses to produce a given tip-angle.
Referring to the drawing the cylindrer comprises a multiplexed hologram 28 showm in Fig. 4 which is curved with its abutted edges fastened to form a cylinder 14, illustrated in Fig. 3, and is illuminated obliquely by a white light source 24, placed colinear with its axis. Two overlapping images 23 and 16 on the surface of the cylinder respectively project viewing slits 19 and 20 , so that the image 16 is uniquely seen by by nn observer's eye 22 through the slit 20 and the image 23 is uniquely seen by the observer' 8 eye 21 through the slit 19.Although each individual eye focus es on the surface of the cylinder the eye's convergence while observing the two images through their respective viewing slits compel is the perception of a composite image situated on a virtual focal plane 15 which bisects the cylinder. If the observer's eye 21 moves to the position of eye 22, the boundaries between the viewing slits situated between slits 19 and 20 pass across the observed composite image at the virtual focal plane 15, but, apart from any change in the composite image's content, the transition is not obtrusive if the edges of the strip holograms 5 figs.1 and 2) are abutted or have a very small overlap in order to produce an array of viewing slits whose edges abut.Viewed nearer or further from the cylinder than the viewing slits' projected position, a small number of adjacent areas of the displayed image are seen through a similar small number of adjacent viewing slits without producing any observed mis-alignment because of the superimposition of the various whole images at the virtual focal plane. In this latter case, however, some horizontal colour "banding" will be visible, because each viewing slit also comprises a Rainbow window, 19, 20, in
Figure 3, through which the image is seen in the vertical succesion of hues associated with a Rainbow hologram. In
Figure 3 two Rainbow windows 19, 20, are illustrated.
In order to produce the strip holograms from, for example, a series of two-dimensional images or from colour-separation transparencies of the same images, a film strip projector or projectors, schematically shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as lenses 3 and transparencies 10, may be employed to project one enlarged image, or images superimposed in register, onto a screen 13 after pasting through the field lens 4, using a beam or beams of laser light 1, Figs 1 and 2. To reproduce colour, a black and white colour-separation tranparency 10, for each primary colour is projected by one of the lenses 3, whose beams are angularly separated to produce overlapping spectra in the final hologram, each of which Rainbow spectra lie along an angle, measured from a normal to the film, called the tip angle.In addition, the lenses 3 may be staggered 9, in order to produce compensation for the variation in size and projected distance of the various spectral colours. For a given tip angle 8, the lenses' "stagger" angle 9 can be determined graphically by using the optical principal known as the Scheimf lug condition, illustrated in Fig. 6. A scale drawing of the reqired cojugate foci along the principal axis of the field lens 4 is made, and a line at right angles to this axis through the centre of the field lens is produced. A line from the axial conjugate focus 33 which is remote from the projection lens 3 is produced, at the known tip angle 8, to intersect 35 with the first line.If this point of intersection and the location of the axial projection lens 3 is joined, then the angle of the line gives the "stagger" angle 9 required to produce Rainbow windows which overlap.
The variation in projected image size associated with varying the projection distances when staggering the lenses requires either, that lenses of differing powers are used, or that the transparencies' respective image size must vary to compensate. In Fig. 5 a reverse projection method is employed to provide the latter solution, and at the same time position the images correctly for their subsequent projection in register on the screen 13. The three projectors 3 are made light tight to act as cameras, or they are accurately replaced by cameras with similar optics, and their film planes focused on the screen 13. The strip hologram film-carrier 5 is removed and a transparency projector 34 is focus ed on the screen 13, which is a normal back-projection screen substituted for the unidirectional holographic screen, leaving the field lens 4 in place.Primary colour filters 36, 37, 38, respectively red green and blue, are placed in front of the lenses with any neutral density filters needed to produce equal density photographs. Exposures can be controlled by the camera's shutters, or by a shutter in the transparency projector 34.
The black and white colour separation photographs so produced can be reversal developed or contact printed onto film stock.
The orthogonal distance between the plane of the screen 13 and the holographic film 5 is chosen with reference to the lens law calculation heretofore given, which distance must not be more than the radius of the cylinder to be produced.
The screen may act as a unidirectional transparent diffuser, or may be a lens, or a holographic optical element designed for this purpose, or a combination of these, in order to illuminate the strip hologram 12 from every part of the image focus ed onto the screen plane. A suitable unidirectional diffuser consists of a sheet of transparent plastic embossed with fine cylindrical lenticules. The projected image rays are made to converge by the field lens 4 to a horizontal line 11, situated beyond the strip film 5 and recorded as a vitual image, at the conjugate focus of the field lens. If colour-separation images are projected from several lenses 3, a separate line focus 11 is produced for each projection lens, and is initially recorded as a "virtual image" by the strip hologram simultaneously with the others.
The strip hologram is illuminated obliquely by an Gollimated beam of laser light 7 which has the same coherence length as the light reaching the strip hologram from the screen, both beams of light being prevented from reaching the film between exposures, and only the light passing through the slit aperture 12 is allowed to reach the film during exposures. After the exposure of the strip hologram the film 5 is moved sufficiently to bring unexposed film behind the slit 12, so that the several exposures produce strip holograms which abut. The projectors' film advance and the holographic film's transport may be synchronised, and mechanised, to facilitate the exposure of many strip holograms onto a length of film.
After processing the exposed film 25, illustrated in Fig.4, a movenble frame 29 may be employed to hold the strip hologram film 25 and the unexposed transfer film 28 planar and parallel nt a distance sufficient to produce holo-plane transferred images. A stationary light-mask 27 limits the length of transfer film which is exposed at any one time. A collimated beam of laser light 31 whose angle is adjusted to produce the brightest image. illuminates the group of all those strip holograms whose reconstructed projected image. or any pars of it, lies within the opening in the light-aik 27. The transfer film's reference beam 32 has the same coherence length ns the reconstruction beam's light striking the transfer film 28 from the strip film 25.
After each exposure the frame 29 is moved 26 accurately to expose another part o= the transfer film, so that each exposed nrea abuts the next. To produce a 360 degree viewing angle. the film comprising the strip holograms must provide sufficient strip holograms for an overlap during the transfer operation, so that the ends of the multiplexed hologram 28, abutted in the cylinder 14, contribute to all the angles of view seen across the join in the film.
A specimen set of dimensions for a small single Rainbow cylinder produced as above are
Cylinder size mm
Diameter 135
Height 100
Image size
Height 75
Width 75
Rainbow distance 825
Optical dimensions
Field lens F. length 325
Projector to screen 550
Transfer dist. 62.5
Screen type Lenticul;lr Transparencies 8 m
Claims (10)
1. A cylindical multiplexed, holoplane or near holoplane,
Rainbow hologram in which the image seen by each eye is holographically transfered from a single strip hologram which usually will represent either a single source image frame or may represent several colour-separation transparencies of the same image frame, whereby its Rainbow image is displayed uniquely to the eye of an observer by the cylinder, as a whole image, filling the cylinder's display area;
2. The method, including the optical system, for producing the cylindrical multiplexed holoplane hologram claimed in
Claim 1;
3. A cylindrical hologram as claimed in Claim 1 wherein each Rainbow image is free of the "time smear" caused by various parts of the observed image being produced from different image frames, as is the case in the previous art;
4.A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous Claim, wherein various pairs of the individual holoplane Rainbow images are seen binocularly superimposed on a virtual image plane within the cylinder, producing a similar effect to a traditional stereoscope, and permitting the representation of a wide range of depths before and behind the said image plane;
5.A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous
Claim wherein the projected vertical viewing slit through which each whole image is seen provides the colour spectra associated with Rainbow holograms, and, if "colour separation" transparencies are utilised to produce natural colour by the known method of employing overlapping "Rainbow" spectra, these images may be simultaneously multiplexed, with their appropriate angular "Rainbow" component, onto the intermediate strip holograms and subsequently transfered together to form superimposed additive colour holoplane images, which are thus recorded together with the angular components of the rays necessary to project their respective Rainbow viewing "windows";
6.A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous
Claim wherein the projected distance of the vertical viewing slits may be varied independently of the projected distance of the Rainbow window, which latter is created and determined by the optical system claimed in Claim 2 by varying the transfer distance and cylinder raotias, and by which means the protection of the vertical real image of each strip hologram is extended and made to coincide with the position of the horizontal Rainbow window;;
7. k cylindrical holorani as claimed in any previous Claim wherein Lh cylindrical curvature applied to the multiplexed Rainbow hologram is the means whereby each of the overlapping holoplane Rainbow images may be seen uniquely by each eye, and is the means by which binocular convergence is imposed to produce the perceived superimposition of the various pairs af images seen at the same time as a single Rainbow hologram image;
8. A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous
Claim. wherein a three-dimensional image is created from a series of images representing varying angular viewpoints of the subject;
9. A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous Claim wherein n series of kinematic images are multiplexed onto the cylinder, and are displayed in sequence by a rotation of the cylinder/part cylinder relative to an observer, so producing a moving image;
10. A cylindrical hologram as claimed in any previous
Claim. wherein the presently known technique of placing a plurality of transfer master images along the Rainbow "tip-angle", is achieved by the optical system claimed in
Claim 2, by projecting the several Rainbow images' "windows" to produce their holographic virtual images, at different depths aligned along the required "tip-angle", so that they may be transfered simultaneously to reproduce the known result;
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423042A GB2295243A (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | Cylindrical transfer-multiplexed rainbow hologram |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423042A GB2295243A (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | Cylindrical transfer-multiplexed rainbow hologram |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9423042D0 GB9423042D0 (en) | 1995-01-04 |
| GB2295243A true GB2295243A (en) | 1996-05-22 |
Family
ID=10764435
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9423042A Withdrawn GB2295243A (en) | 1994-11-15 | 1994-11-15 | Cylindrical transfer-multiplexed rainbow hologram |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2295243A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1586096A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1981-03-18 | Mcgrew S P | System for synthesizing holograms |
| US4429946A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1984-02-07 | Eidetic Images, Inc. | Method and system for constructing a composite hologram |
| EP0240227A2 (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-07 | Gordon Stanley James Allen | Three dimensional movie film |
| GB2214651A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-09-06 | Stc Plc | Colour Holograms |
| US4988154A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-01-29 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method and apparatus of producing an arcuate rainbow hologram |
| US5216528A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1993-06-01 | Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional multiplex hologram |
| GB2270772A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-03-23 | Charles Henry Dierks | Cylindrical white light transmission hologram image display |
-
1994
- 1994-11-15 GB GB9423042A patent/GB2295243A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1586096A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1981-03-18 | Mcgrew S P | System for synthesizing holograms |
| US4429946A (en) * | 1979-09-07 | 1984-02-07 | Eidetic Images, Inc. | Method and system for constructing a composite hologram |
| EP0240227A2 (en) * | 1986-03-27 | 1987-10-07 | Gordon Stanley James Allen | Three dimensional movie film |
| GB2214651A (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-09-06 | Stc Plc | Colour Holograms |
| US4988154A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-01-29 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method and apparatus of producing an arcuate rainbow hologram |
| US5216528A (en) * | 1990-06-11 | 1993-06-01 | Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. | Three-dimensional multiplex hologram |
| GB2270772A (en) * | 1992-09-21 | 1994-03-23 | Charles Henry Dierks | Cylindrical white light transmission hologram image display |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Applied Optics, vol.24, no.14, 15 July 1985, pages 2161-5 * |
| Applied Optics, vol.33, no.11, 10 April 1994, pages 2111-4 * |
| The British Journal of Photography 28 Nov 1980 page 1186 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9423042D0 (en) | 1995-01-04 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |