GB2291692A - Tripod universal joint with linear recirculating ball bearings - Google Patents
Tripod universal joint with linear recirculating ball bearings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2291692A GB2291692A GB9506225A GB9506225A GB2291692A GB 2291692 A GB2291692 A GB 2291692A GB 9506225 A GB9506225 A GB 9506225A GB 9506225 A GB9506225 A GB 9506225A GB 2291692 A GB2291692 A GB 2291692A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- balls
- loaded
- universal joint
- bearing path
- groove
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C29/00—Bearings for parts moving only linearly
- F16C29/04—Ball or roller bearings
- F16C29/06—Ball or roller bearings in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load
- F16C29/0678—Ball or roller bearings in which the rolling bodies circulate partly without carrying load with a bearing body, i.e. the body carrying the circulating rolling elements, provided in the interior of a sleeve-like guide member defining the opposing raceways, e.g. in a telescopic shaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D3/205—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part
- F16D3/2055—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints the pins extending radially outwardly from the coupling part having three pins, i.e. true tripod joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/41—Couplings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/202—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints
- F16D2003/2023—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members one coupling part having radially projecting pins, e.g. tripod joints with linear rolling bearings between raceway and trunnion mounted shoes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/02—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions
- F16D3/06—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement
- F16D3/065—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow axial displacement by means of rolling elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
Description
2291692 HOMOKINETIC UNIVERSAL JOINT This invention relates to a sliding
type homokinetic universal joint mainly for use in an automobile.
A tripod homokinetic universal joint is a typical sliding type homokinetic universal joint. Conventional tripod homokinetic universal joints have one serious drawback. Namely, while torque is being transmitted with the shaft of the tripod member, which is mounted in the outer ring, forming a certain working angle with respect to the shaft of the outer ring, the spherical-surfaced rollers supported on the trunnions of the tripod member get inclined relative to the track grooves formed in the outer ring. Thus, the rollers plunge and thus slip while rolling relative to the track grooves. If the rollers slip in the track grooves, axial thrust is produced, which in turn causes vibration and heat buildup.
In an attempt to solve this problem, the present applicant proposed a tripod type homokinetic universal joint as shown.in Figs. 7 to 10 (Unexamined Japanese Utility Model Publication 5-94534). It has an outer ring 20 formed in its inner periphery with three track grooves 21, while a tripod member 22 mounted in the outer ring 20 has three trunnions 23. A spherical bush 24 is slidably mounted on each trunnion 23. A guide block 25 is mounted 1 on each spherical bush 24. A ball circulation groove 26 has an approximately elliptical shape and comprises two straight portions 26a and 26b and arcuate paths 26c through which the ends of the straight portions are connected together. A plurality of balls 27 are accommodated in the ball circulation groove 26. As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, each track groove 21 is formed on each side wall at its outer-diameter side with an arcuate ball raceway 28 to guide the balls 27 in the straight path 26a. On the inner side of each track groove 21 is formed an arcuate ball guide surface 29 to prevent dropout of the balls 27 in the other straight path 26b.
Further, the distance between the ball guide surface 29 and the bottom of the straight path 26b is greater than the diameter of the balls 27. Thus, the balls 27 in the straight path 26b are kept free from load.
While this homokinetic universal joint is taking a working angle, the spherical bushes 24 will slip relative to the guide blocks 25 while the latter are kept in fixed positions. Thus, when transmitting torque with the homokinetic universal joint taking a working angle, the guide blocks 25 move along the track grooves 21 while keeping their position unchanged, whereas the balls 27 roll and circulate along the straight path 26a while being guided by the raceways 28. Slide resistance is thus extremely small.
2 0.
9 With this homokinetic universal joint, however, the groove depth of the straight path 26b is smaller than the radius of the balls 27. Also, the straight path 26b and the ball guide surface 29 formed at one side of the track groove 21 are formed so as to guide the balls 27 and keep them from dropout. Suppose a ball 27a is now pushed from the arcuate path 26c reversing to the straight path 26b as shown in Fig. 10, it might get stuck between an edges 30 of the ball guide surface 29 and an edge 31 of the straight path 26b (Fig. 9) as the balls 27 push one another. If any of the balls gets stuck, the balls 27 cannot be circulated smoothly in the grooves, producing a large thrust force.
An object of this invention is to provide a homokinetic universal joint in which the balls can be circulated smoothly in the ball circulating groove without getting stuck between the inner surface of the track groove and the guide block, even while they are moved through the reverse path to the non-loaded-bearing path, and in which the increase in thrust force can be controlled.
According to the present invention, there is provided a homokinetic universal joint comprising an outer ring formed with three axial track grooves in inner peripheral surface thereof, a tripod member having three trunnions and inserted in the outer ring, and a guide block supported on each trunnion so as to be slidable with respect to the axis 3 of the trunnion and so as for the trunnion to be pivotable with respect to the guide block, each guide block being formed with a ball circulation groove in each side thereof, each ball circulation groove having an elliptical shape and comprising a straight loaded- bearing path and a straight non-loaded-bearing path, both extending parallel to the axis of the outer ring, and arcuate paths through which the straight paths are connected together, and a plurality of balls accommodated in each ball circulation groove so that they can roll and circulate therein, each track groove being formed at each side thereof with a ball raceway groove to guide the balls while they are moving straight in the loaded-bearing path, characterized in that the depth of the non-loaded-bearing path of each ball circulation groove is greater than the radius of the balls, and that the distance between the side wall surface of the track groove and the bottom of the non-loaded-bearing path is greater than the diameter of the balls.
The track groove should preferably be formed with a flat surface opposite to the non-loaded-bearing path. Also, the non-loaded-bearing path should preferably have a U-shaped cross-section comprising a semicircular portion substantially complementary in shape to the contour of the balls, and two short straight portions extending tangentially from both ends of the semicircular portion.
4 F c The depth of the non-loaded-bearing path of the ball circulation groove is greater than the radius of the balls. Thus, even when the balls in the non-loaded-bearing path are in contact with the flat surface, they are reliably guided by the non-loaded-bearing path. Thus, the balls are prevented from getting stuck between the guide block and the track groove.
According to the homokinetic universal joint in this invention, when transmitting the torque with the outer ring taking a working angle with respect to the tripod member, the guide blocks can move in the track grooves while keeping their position unchanged, whereas the balls roll and circulate in the ball circulating grooves. Slide resistance is thus kept small so that vibration and noise can be restrained.
The non-loaded-bearing path of the ball circulation groove has a depth greater than the radius of the balls. Moreover, each track groove is formed with a flat surface opposing to the non-loaded-bearing path. By providing a space between the flat surface and the bottom of the nonloaded-bearing path which is wider than the diameter of the balls, the balls can be smoothly guided and circulated in the groove even if they are brought into contact with the flat surface while moving through the reverse path to the non-loaded- bearing path.
Therefore, the unloaded balls will never get stuck between the track groove and the guide block. The thrust force can be greatly reduced.
There is no necessity to form an arcuate ball guide surface in the outer ring so as to prevent dropout of the balls. The outer ring of the homokinetic universal joint according to the present invention is thus simple in shape and it can be manufactured easily by cold forging.
Other features and objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional front view of the homokinetic universal joint according to the first embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a front view of the ball circulation groove of the same; Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the same showing how it operates; Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional front view of the homokinetic universal joint according to the second embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7 is a vertical front view of a prior art
6 homokinetic universal joint; Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of the same; and Fig. 10 is a view of the same showing how the balls circulate in the groove.
Now the embodiments of this invention will be described with reference to Figs. 1 through 6.
As shown in Figs. 1 to 3, an outer ring 1 has a closed end on which is provided a first shaft 2. Three axial track grooves 3 are formed in the inner periphery of the outer ring 1 at intervals of 120 degrees (Fig. 2).
As shown in Fig. 5, a tripod member 4 inserted in the outer ring 1 is mounted on a second shaft 5 through serrations 6 so as to be rotatable together with the second shaft 5. Snap rings 7 are put on the second shaft 5 to prevent axial movement of the tripod member 4 along the shaft 5.
The tripod member 4 has three trunnions 8 each carrying a spherical bush 9. Needles 10 are mounted between each spherical bush 9 and the trunnion 8 to rotatably support the spherical bush 9.
Mounted on each spherical bush 9 is a guide block 11 having a cylindrical inner surface 11a kept in contact with and being guided by a spherical outer surface 9a of the 7 bush 9. A ball circulation groove 12 is formed in each side of each guide block 11.
Figs. 3 and 4 show the ball circulation groove 12 in detail. It has a generally elliptical or oval shape and comprises two straight paths that run parallel to the axis of the outer ring 1, i.e. a loaded-bearing path 12a and a non-loadedbearing path 12b, and arcuate paths 12c through which the straight paths are connected together. A plurality of balls 13 are rollably mounted in the ball circulation groove 12.
The loaded-bearing path 12a has an arcuate section and its depth is not greater than the radius of the ball 13. On the other hand, the non-loadedbearing path 12b and the arcuate connecting path 12c have a U-shaped crosssection comprising a semicircular portion A substantially complementary in shape to the cross-section of the balls 13, and short straight portions B that extend in tangential directions from both ends of the semicircular portion A. The groove depth is greater than the radius of the balls 13.
Each of the track grooves 3 is formed at both sides thereof with flat surfaces 14 which are slightly inclined relative to the plane including the centers of the plurality of balls 13 in the ball circulation groove 12 to provide a space wider than the diameter of the balls 13 8 between the flat surface 14 and the non-loaded-bearing path 12b. Also, a ball raceway 15 is formed at the corner where the flat surface 14 and the inner surface of the track groove 3 meet, to guide the balls 13 along the loadedbearing path 12a.
We shall now describe its operation. When the second shaft 5 takes a working angle with respect to the first shaft 2 as shown in Fig. 5, the trunnions 8 and thus the spherical bushes 9 are inclined relative to the longitudinal direction of the track grooves 3.
In this state, the guide blocks 11 are prevented from turning by the engagement between the balls 13 in each loaded-bearing path 12a and the ball raceway 15. Thus, when the spherical bushes 9 incline, slip occurs between the bushes 9 and the respective guide blocks 11.
When transmitting torque with the homokinetic universal joint taking a working angle, the trunnion 8 and the spherical bush 9 can pivot in and with respect to the guide block 11. On the other hand, the guide blocks 11 move in the longitudinal direction of the track grooves 3 while keeping their positions unchanged. As the guide blocks 11 move, the balls 13 in each loaded-bearing path 12a roll along the ball raceway 15 and circulate along the ball circulation groove 12.
The non-loaded-bearing path 12b and the arcuate 9 connecting path 12c of the ball groove 12 have a U-shaped cross-section comprising a semicircular portion A and short straight portions B that extend in tangential directions from both ends of the semicircular portion A, and the depth of these paths is greater than the radius of the balls 13. Thus, even if the balls 13 are pushed by the other balls and brought into point-contact with the flat surface 14 as shown by chain line in Fig. 3 while moving from the loaded-bearing path 12a through the connecting path 12c to the non-loaded-bearing path 12b, these balls 13 are also in point-contact with one of the flat surfaces B of the nonloaded-bearing path 12b. Thus, they will never get stuck between the track groove 3 and the guide block 11. Thus, there will be no increase in thrust force.
Fig. 6 shows the second embodiment, in which each guide block 11 has tapered surfaces 16 on both sides thereof at its outer periphery. A ball circulation groove 12 is formed in each tapered surface 16.
Similar to the first embodiment, the ball circulation groove 12 has an elliptical shape comprising straight loaded-bearing path 12a and nonloaded-bearing path 12b, and arcuate connecting paths 12c connecting the ends of the paths 12a and 12b together. The non-loaded-bearing path 12b and the arcuate paths 12c are of the same shape as those in the first embodiment.
i Also, flat surfaces 17 are formed at each end of each track groove 3. Each flat surface 17 is slightly inclined relative to the plane including the centers of the plurality of balls 13 in the ball circulation groove 12 to provide a gap wider than the diameter of the balls 13 between the non-loaded-bearing path 12b and the flat surface 17.
In the second embodiment, similar to the first embodiment, the balls 13 are prevented from getting stuck between the inner surface of the track groove 3 and the guide block 11.
Though not shown, each guide block supported by the trunnions may have the ball circulation groove shown in Fig. 2 and the ball circulation groove shown in Fig. 6 at its outer- and inner-diameter sides, respectively, so that the balls can circulate in each of the grooves.
11
Claims (5)
1. A homokinetic universal joint comprising an outer ring formed with three axial track grooves in the inner peripheral surface thereof, a tripod member having thred trunnions and inserted in said outer ring, and a guide block supported on said each trunnion so as to be slidable with respect to the axis of said trunnion and so that said trunnion is pivotable with respect to said guide block, said each guide block being formed with a ball circulation groove in each side thereof, said each ball circulation groove having a generally elliptical shape and comprising a straight loaded-bearing path and a straight non-loaded-bearing path, both extending parallel to the axis of said outer ring, and arcuate paths through which said straight paths are connected together, and a plurality of balls accommodated in said each ball circulation groove so that they can roll and circulate therein, said each track groove being formed at each side thereof with a ball raceway groove to guide said balls while they are moving straight in said loaded-bearing path, wherein the depth of said non-loaded-bearing path of said each ball circulation groove is greater than the radius of said balls, and the distance between the side wall surface of said track groove and the bottom of said non-loaded- 12 0 bearing path is greater than the diameter of said balls.
2. A homokinetic universal joint as claimed in claim 1 l> wherein said track groove is formed with a flat surface opposite to said non-loaded-bearing path.
A homokinetic universal joint as cl aimed in claim 1 or 2) wherein said non-loaded-bearing path has a U-shaped cross-section comprising a semicircular portion substantially complementary in shape to the contour of said balls, and two short straight portions extending tangentially from both ends of said semicircular portion.
4. A universal joint, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
5. A universal joint, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
13
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6172503A JPH0835527A (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1994-07-25 | Constant velocity universal joint |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9506225D0 GB9506225D0 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
| GB2291692A true GB2291692A (en) | 1996-01-31 |
| GB2291692B GB2291692B (en) | 1997-10-15 |
Family
ID=15943182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9506225A Expired - Fee Related GB2291692B (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1995-03-27 | Homokinetic universal joint |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0835527A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19513278A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2722849B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2291692B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0861992A1 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-09-02 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Constant velocity universal joint |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102361891B1 (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-02-14 | 이래에이엠에스 주식회사 | Method for manufacturing track race of tripod constant velocity joint |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2236164A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-03-27 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Homokinetic universal joint |
| GB2246835A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-02-12 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Tripode universal joint |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5277660A (en) * | 1992-02-04 | 1994-01-11 | Gkn Automotive, Inc. | Tripod constant velocity joint with chain linked rollers |
-
1994
- 1994-07-25 JP JP6172503A patent/JPH0835527A/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-03-27 GB GB9506225A patent/GB2291692B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-03 FR FR9503883A patent/FR2722849B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-07 DE DE19513278A patent/DE19513278A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2236164A (en) * | 1989-09-22 | 1991-03-27 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Homokinetic universal joint |
| GB2246835A (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-02-12 | Loehr & Bromkamp Gmbh | Tripode universal joint |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0861992A1 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-09-02 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Constant velocity universal joint |
| US6165075A (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 2000-12-26 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Constant velocity universal joint |
| US6435972B1 (en) | 1997-02-10 | 2002-08-20 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Constant velocity universal joint |
| KR100378023B1 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 2003-10-04 | 혼다 기켄 고교 가부시키가이샤 | Constant velocity universal joint |
| EP1188944A3 (en) * | 1997-02-10 | 2006-05-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Constant velocity universal joint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2722849A1 (en) | 1996-01-26 |
| FR2722849B1 (en) | 1998-10-30 |
| JPH0835527A (en) | 1996-02-06 |
| DE19513278A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
| GB9506225D0 (en) | 1995-05-17 |
| GB2291692B (en) | 1997-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20050327 |