GB2290551A - Cleansing Compositions - Google Patents

Abstract

A personal cleansing product comprising: (a) from 5% to 60% by weight of surfactant selected from anionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof, (b) from 0.1% to 10% of a vegetable oil adduct, (c) from 0.1% to 10% of an N-acylalkanolamine humectant, and (d) water, wherein the weight ratio of vegetable oil adduct to N-acylalkanolamine humectant is in the range from 10:1 to 1:10. The compositions provide excellent in-use and efficacy benefits including improved skin feel, cleansing and lathering as well as excellent mildness and skin conditioning.

Description

CLEANSING COMPOSITIONS The present invention relates to cleansing compositions. In particular it relates to foam-producing personal cleansing compositions suitable for simultaneously cleansing and conditioning the skin and/or the hair and which may be used, for example, in the form of foam bath preparations, shower products, skin cleansers, hand, face and body cleansers, shampoos, etc.

Foaming cosmetic compositions must satisfy a number of criteria including cleansing power, foaming properties and mildnessllow irritancy with respect to the skin, hair and the ocular mucosae.

Skin is made up of several layers of cells which coat and protect the keratin and collagen fibrous proteins that form the skeleton of its structure. The outermost of these layers, referred to as the stratum corneum, is known to be composed of 250 A protein bundles surrounded by 80 A thick layers. Hair similarly has a protective outer coating enclosing the hair fibre which is called the cuticle. Anionic surfactants can penetrate the stratum corneum membrane and the cuticle and, by delipidization destroy membrane integrity. This interference with skin and hair protective membranes can lead to a rough skin feel and eye irritation and may eventually permit the surfactant to interact with the keratin and hair proteins creating irritation and loss of barrier and water retention functions.

Ideal cosmetic cleansers should cleanse the skin or hair gently, without defatting and/or drying the hair and skin and without irritating the ocular mucosae or leaving skin taut after frequent use. Most lathering soaps, shower and bath products, shampoos and bars fail in this respect.

Certain synthetic surfactants are known to be mild. However, a major drawback of most mild synthetic surfactant systems when formulated for shampooing or personal cleansing is poor lather performance compared to the highest shampoo and bar soap standards. Thus, surfactants that are among the mildest, such as sodium lauryl glyceryl ether sulfonate, (AGS), are marginal in lather. The use of known high sudsing anionic surfactants with lather boosters, on the other hand, can yield acceptable lather volume and quality but at the expense of clinical skin mildness. These two facts make the surfactant selection, the lather and mildness benefit formulation process a delicate balancing act.

Despite the many years of research that have been expended by the toiletries industry on personal cleansing, the broad mass of consumers remain dissatisfied by the mildness of present day cleansing compositions, finding, for example, that they have to apply a separate cosmetic lotion or cream moisturizer to the skin after using a shower or bath preparation in order to maintain skin suppleness and hydration and to counteract the delipidizing effect of the cleanser.

Thus a need exists for personal cleansing products which will produce a foam which is abundant, stable and of high quality, which are effective hair and skin cleansers, which will not dehydrate the skin or result in loss of skin suppleness, which deliver skin feel benefits as evidenced by improved sensory softness, smoothness and reduced dryness impression, and which will provide a level of skin conditioning performance in a wash and rinse-off product which previously has only been provided by a separate post-cleansing cosmetic moisturizer.

The subject of the present invention is a foam-producing cleansing product suitable for personal cleansing of the skin or hair and which may be used as foam bath and shower products, skin cleansers and shampoos etc.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a personal cleansing composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 60% by weight of surfactant selected from anionic, non ionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof, (b) from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of an adduct prepared from vegetable oils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid esters which are conjugated and elaidinized and then modified via Dies-Alder addition with a member of the group consisting of acrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride; (c) from about 0.1% to about 10% of an N-acylalkanolamine humectant; and (d) water, wherein the weight ratio of vegetable oil adduct to N-acylalkanolamine humectant is in the range from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

All concentrations and ratios herein are by weight of the cleansing composition, unless otherwise specified. Surfactant chain lengths are also on a weight average chain length basis, unless otherwise specified.

The invention relates to a foam-producing cleansing composition with superior skin feel attributes as evidenced by improved sensory softness, smoothness and reduced dryness impression as well as excellent lathering characteristics (creaminess, abundance, stability) and mildness to the skin and hair, together with good stability, cleansing ability and conditioning performance.

The invention also relates to a wash and rinse-off personal cleansing product having the above skin feel, lathering, mildness and conditioning benefits.

Surfactants suitable for inclusion in compositions according to the present invention can be selected from anionic, nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants and mixtures thereof. The total level of surfactant is preferably from about 5% to about 60%, more preferably from about 8% to about 40%, and especially from about 10% to about 35% by weight. The compositions preferably comprise a mixture of anionic with zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants.

The level of the individual anionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactant components, where present, is in the range from about 1% to about 15%, and especially from about 2% to about 13% by weight of the composition, while the level of nonionic surfactant, where present, is in the range from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, preferably from about 2% to about 16%, more preferably from about 3% to about 12% by weight. The total level of anionic, amphoteric, and zwitterionic surfactant components, is preferably from about 5% to about 50%, more preferably from about 8% to about 35% and especially from about 10% to about 30% by weight of composition. The weight ratio of anionic surfactant: zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactant is in the range from about 1:2 to about 6:1. Other suitable compositions within the scope of the invention comprise mixtures of anionic, zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants with one or more nonionic surfactants. Preferred for use herein are soluble or dispersible nonionic surfactants selected from ethoxylated animal and vegetable oils and fats and mixtures thereof, sometimes referred to herein as "oil-derived" nonionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants suitable for inclusion in the compositions of the invention can generally be described as mild synthetic detergent surfactants and include ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fatty acid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof. Alkyl and/or acyl chain lengths for these surfactants are CS-C22, preferably C1 0-C18.

Preferred for use herein from the viewpoint of optimum mildness and lathering characteristics are the salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol and from about 1 to about 12 moles of ethylene oxide, with sodium and magnesium being the preferred counterions.

Particularly preferred are the alkyl sulfates containing from about 2 to 4 moles of ethylene oxide, such as sodium laureth-2 sulfate, sodium laureth-3 sulfate and magnesium sodium laureth-3.6 sulfate. In preferred embodiments, the anionic surfactant contains at least about 50%, especially at least about 75% by weight of ethoxylated alkyl sulfate.

The compositions for use herein can also contain an amphoteric surfactant. Amphoteric surfactants suitable for use in the compositions of the invention include: (a) imidazolinium surfactants of formula (II)

wherein R1 is C7-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R2 is hydrogen or CH2Z, each Z is independently CO2M or CH2CO2M, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium; and/or ammonium derivatives of formula (III)

wherein R1, R2 and Z are as defined above; (b) aminoalkanoates of formula (IV) R1 NH(CH2)nCO2M and iminodialkanoates of formula (V) R1 N[(CH2)mCO2M]2 wherein n and m are numbers from 1 to 4, and R1 and M are independently selected from the groups specified above; and (c) mixtures thereof.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) are marketed under the trade name Miranol and are understood to comprise a complex mixture of species.

Traditionally, the Miranols have been described as having the general formula ll, although the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 3rd Edition indicates the noncyclic structure Ill. In practice, a complex mixture of cyclic and non-cyclic species is likely to exist and both definitions are given here for sake of completeness. Preferred for use herein, however, are the non-cyclic species.

Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (a) include compounds of formula ll and/or Ill in which R1 is C8H17 (especially iso-capryl), C9H1 9 and C11 H23 alkyl. Especially preferred are the compounds in which R1 is C9H19, Z is CO2M and R2 is H; the compounds in which R1 is C1 1 H23, Z is CO2M and R2 is CH2CO2M; and the compounds in which R1 is C11 H23, Z is CO2M and R2 is H.

In CTFA nomenclature, materials preferred for use in the present invention include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamphocarboxy propionic acid, and especially cocoamphoacetate and cocoamphodiacetate (otherwise referred to as cocoamphocarboxyglycinate). Specific commercial products include those sold under the trade names of Empigen CDL60 and CDR 60 (Albright & Wilson), Miranol 02M Conc. N.P., Miranol C2M Conc. O.P., Miranol C2M SF, Miranol CM Special (Miranol, Inc.); Alkateric 2CIB (Alkaril Chemicals); Amphoterge W-2 (Lonza, Inc.); Monateric CDX-38, Monateric CSH-32 (Mona Industries); Rewoteric AM-2C (Rewo Chemical Group); and Schercotic MS-2 (Scher Chemicals).

It will be understood that a number of commercially-available amphoteric surfactants of this type are manufactured and sold in the form of electroneutral complexes with, for example, hydroxide counterions or with anionic sulfate or sulfonate surfactants, especially those of the sulfated Cg-C18 alcohol, Cg-C18 ethoxylated alcohol or Cg-C18 acyl glyceride types. Preferred from the viewpoint of mildness and product stability, however, are compositions which are essentially free of (non-ethoxylated) sulfated alcohol surfactants. Note also that the concentrations and weight ratios of the amphoteric surfactants are based herein on the uncomplexed forms of the surfactants, any anionic surfactant counterions being considered as part of the overall anionic surfactant component content.

Examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants of type (b) include salts, especially the triethanolammonium salts and salts of N-lauryl-beta-amino propionic acid and N-lauryl-imino-dipropionic acid. Such materials are sold under the trade name Deriphat by General Mills and Mirataine by Miranol Inc.

Amphoterics preferred for use herein, however, are those of formula II and/or Ill.

The compositions herein can also contain from about 1% to about 15%, more preferably from about 2% to about 8% of a zwitterionic surfactant, especially an alkyl betaine or amidobetaine surfactant.

Betaine surfactants suitable for inclusion in the composition of the invention include alkyl betaines of the formula R5R6R7N+(CH2)nCO2M(Vlll) and amido betaines of the formula (IX)

wherein R5 is C12-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R6 and R7 are independently C1-C3 alkyl, M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium, and n, m are each numbers from 1 to 4. Preferred betaines include cocoamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine, laurylamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethyl betaine and Tego betaine.

The compositions herein preferably also contain from about 0.1% to about 20%, more preferably from about 2% to about 16% of a nonionic surfactant.

Preferred herein from the viewpoint of optimum lathering and mildness are nonionic surfactants selected from C12-C14 fatty acid mono- and diethanolamides; alkylpolysaccharides having the general formula (Vl) RO(CnH2nO)tZx where Z is a moiety derived from glucose, fructose or galactose, R is Cg-C18 alkyl or alkenyl, n is 2 or 3, t is from 0 to 10 and x is from about 1 to 10, preferably from about 1.5 to 4; polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants having the general formula (VII)

where Rg is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or a mixture thereof, R8 is Cg-C31 hydrocarbyl and Z2 is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to said chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof; or a mixture of said alkyl polysaccharide and amide surfactants.

The preferred alkyl polysaccharides herein are alkylpolyglucosides having the formula VI wherein Z is a glucose residue, R is Cg-C18 alkyl or alkenyl, t is from 0 to 10, preferably 0, n is 2 or 3, preferably 2, and x is from about 1.5 to 4.

In the above, x and t are understood to be weight average values and saccharide substitution is preferably at the 1- position of the saccharide. In general terms, C12-C14 alkyl polysaccharides are preferred from the viewpoint of lathering and Cg-C10 alkyl polysaccharides from the viewpoint of skin conditioning.

To prepare these compounds, a long chain alcohol (ROH) can be reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside.

Alternatively, the alkylpolyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (C14) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x = 2 to 4) to yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x = 1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted with a longer chain alcohol (ROH) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the desired alkylpolyglucoside. If this two step procedure is used, the short chain alkylglucoside content of the final alkylpolyglucoside material should be less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, more preferably less than 5%, most preferably 0% of the alkylpolyglucoside.

The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the desired alkylpolysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%, more preferably less than about 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkyl polysaccharide plus unreacted alcohol. The amount of alkylmonosaccharide is about 20% to about 70%, preferably 30% to 60%, more preferably 30% to 50% by weight of the total of the alkylpolysaccharide.

The preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants are those in which Rg is C1A alkyl, preferably methyl, and R8 is C7-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably straight-chain Cg-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z2 is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z2 preferably will be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z2 is a glycityl.

Suitable reducing sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, and xylose. As raw materials, high dextrose corn syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup can be utilized as well as the individual sugars listed above. These corn syrups may yield a mix of sugar components for Z2. It should be understood that it is by no means intended to exclude other suitable raw materials. Z2 preferably will be selected from the group consisting of -CH2(CHOH)n-CH2OH,-CH(CH2OH)-(CHOH)n.1-CH2OH, -CH2 (CHOH)2(CHOR')(CHOH)-CH2OH, where n is an integer from 3 to 5, inclusive, and R' is H or a cyclic or aliphatic monosaccharide, and alkoxylated derivatives thereof. Most preferred are glycityls wherein n is 4, particularly -CH2-(CHOH)4 CH20H.

The most preferred polyhydroxy fatty acid amide has the formula R8(CO)N(CH3)CH2(CHOH)4CH2OH wherein R8 is a Cl 1-C17 straight chain alkyl or alkenyl group.

Other suitable nonionic surfactants for inclusion herein include oil derived nonionic surfactants. These are valuable in compositions according to the invention for the provision of skin feel benefits both in use and after use.

Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants for use herein include water soluble vegetable and animal-derived emollients such as triglycerides with a polyethyleneglycol chain inserted; ethoxylated mono and di-glycerides, polyethoxylated lanolins and ethoxylated butter derivatives. One preferred class of oil-derived nonionic surfactants for use herein have the general formula (X)

wherein n is from about 5 to about 200, preferably from about 20 to about 100, more preferably from about 30 to about 85, and wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having on average from about 5 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 9 to 18 carbon atoms.

Suitable ethoxylated oils and fats of this class include polyethyleneglycol derivatives of glyceryl cocoate, glyceryl caproate, glyceryl caprylate, glyceryl tallowate, glyceryl palmate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl ricinoleate, and glyceryl fatty esters derived from triglycerides, such as palm oil, almond oil, and corn oil, preferably glyceryl tallowate and glyceryl cocoate.

Suitable oil derived nonionic surfactants of this class are available from Croda Inc. (New York, USA) under their Crovol line of materials such as Crovol EP40 (PEG 20 evening primrose glyceride), Crovol EP 70 (PEG 60 evening primrose glyceride) Crovol A-40 (PEG 20 almond glyceride), Crovol A-70 (PEG 60 almond glyceride), Crovol MAO (PEG 20 maize glyceride), Crovol M-70 (PEG 60 maize glyceride), Crovol PK-40 (PEG 12 palm kernel glyceride), and Crovol PK-70 (PEG 45 palm kernel glyceride) and under their Solan range of materials such as Solan E, E50 and X polyethoxylated lanolins and Aqualose L-20 (PEG 24 lanolin alcohol) available from Westbrook Lanolin. Further suitable surfactants of this class are commercially available from Sherex Chemical Co.

(Dublin, Ohio, USA) under their Varonic LI line of surfactants. These include, for example, Varonic LI 48 (polyethylene glycol (n=80) glyceryl tallowate, alternatively referred to as PEG 80 glyceryl tallowate), Varonic LI 2 (PEG 28 glyceryl tallowate), Varonic LI 420 (PEG 200 glyceryl tallowate), and Varonic LI 63 and 67 (PEG 30 and PEG 80 glyceryl cocoates). Other oil-derived emollients suitable for use are PEG derivatives of corn, avocado, and babassu oil, as well as Softigen 767 (PEG(6) caprylic/capric glycerides).

Also suitable for use herein are nonionic surfactants derived from composite vegetable fats extracted from the fruit of the Shea Tree (Butyrospermum Karkii Kotschy) and derivatives thereof. This vegetable fat, known as Shea Butter is widely used in Central Africa for a variety of means such as soap making and as a barrier cream, it is marketed by Sederma (78610 Le Perray En Yvelines, France). Particularly suitable are ethoxylated derivatives of Shea butter available from Karlshamn Chemical Co. (Columbos, Ohio, USA) under their Lipex range of chemicals, such as Lipex 102 E-75 (ethoxylated mono, di-glycerides of Shea butter). Similarly, ethoxylated derivatives of Mango, Cocoa and Illipe butter may be used in compositions according to the invention.

Although these are classified as ethoxylated nonionic surfactants it is understood that a certain proportion may remain as non-ethoxylated vegetable oil or fat.

Other suitable oil-derived nonionic surfactants include ethoxylated derivatives of almond oil, peanut oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, oil of apricot pits, walnuts, palm nuts, pistachio nuts, sesame seeds, rapeseed, cade oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppyseed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazlenut oil, olive oil, grapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil.

Oil derived nonionic surfactants highly preferred for use herein from the viewpoint of optimum mildness and skin feel characteristics are PEG 60 evening primrose triglycerides; PEG 55 lanolin polyethoxylated derivatives and ethoxylated derivatives of Shea butter.

The compositions of the invention also contain from about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.2% to about 5%, more preferably from about 0.3% to about 3% of a vegetable oil adduct which preferably has the general formula (I):

wherein x, y are integers of from 3 to 9, R3 and R4 are independently selected from saturated and unsaturated C7-C22 hydrocarbyl, each Z1 is CO2M or H with at least one Z1 being CO2M and wherein M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium.

Materials of this kind can generally be described as adducts prepared from vegetable oils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid esters which are conjugated and elaidinized then modified by Dies-Alder addition with a member of the group consisting of acrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride. The adducts and their preparation are described in US-A4740367, the adducts being marketed under the trade name Ceraphyl GA (Van Dyke).

Preferred vegetable oil adducts are those of Formula I prepared from soybean oil (x + y = 12) and adducts derived by Dies-Alder addition of vegetable oils with fumaric acid. A preferred method of preparing adducts herein is to react two moles of vegetable oil with one mole of the dienophile in the presence of catalytic amounts of iodine, the conjugation and elaidinization agent. This produces a 50:50 blend of adduct together with disproportionated (conjugated) vegetable oil.

Preferred from the viewpoint of conditioning effectiveness in a rinse-off application are compositions in the form of oil-in-water emulsions wherein the average size of the emulsion droplets is in the range from about 1 to about 150 microns, preferably from about 20 to about 100 microns, and more preferably from about 30 to about 80 microns (droplet size being measured by, for example, laser diffraction using, e.g. a Malvern Series 2600).

A further essential component of the compositions herein is an Nacylalkanolamine (otherwise referred to as a carboxylic acid alkanolamide) humectant, highly preferred being humectants derived by reaction of an alkanolamine with an optionally hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 carboxylic acid. In preferred embodiments, the humectant is based on ethanolamine, suitable examples being N-formylethanolamine, N-acetylethanolamine (acetamide MEA), N-propionylethanolamine, and N-lactoylethanolamine (lactamide MEA) and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the weight ratio of vegetable oil adduct to Nacylalkanolamine humectant is in the range from about 10:1 to about 1:10, more preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:8 and especially about 1:1 to about 1:5.

The compositions of the invention preferably also contain from about 0.5% to about 6%, preferably from about 1.5% to about 5% by weight of saturated acyl fatty acids having a weight average chain length of from 10 to 16, preferably from 12 to 14 carbon atoms. Highly preferred is myristic acid. The fatty acid is valuable both from the viewpoint of providing emolliency benefits and also for controlling the viscosity of the final composition.

The compositions of the invention preferably also contain a cationic or nonionic polymeric skin or hair conditioning agent at a level from about 0.01 % to about 5%, preferably from about 0.04% to about 2% and especially from about 0.05% to about 1 %. The polymer is found to be valuable for enhancing the creaminess and quality of the foam as well as providing a hair or skin conditioning utility.

Suitable polymers are high molecular weight materials (mass-average molecular weight determined, for instance, by light scattering, being generally from about 2,000 to about 3,000,000, preferably from about 5,000 to about 1,000,000).

Useful polymers are the cationic, non ionic, amphoteric, and anionic polymers useful in the cosmetic field. Preferred are cationic and nonionic polymers used in the cosmetic fields as hair or skin conditioning agents.

Representative classes of polymers include cationic and nonionic polysaccharides; cationic and nonionic homopolymers and copolymers derived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid; cationic and nonionic cellulose resins; cationic copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylic acid; cationic homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; cationic polyalkylene and ethoxypolyalkylene imines; quaternized silicones, and mixtures thereof.

By way of exemplification, cationic polymers suitable for use herein include cationic guar gums such as hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium guar gum (d.s. of from 0.11 to 0.22) available commercially under the trade names Jaguar C-14-S(RTM) and Jaguar C-17(RTM) and also Jaguar C-16(RTM), which contains hydroxypropyl substituents (d.s. of from 0.8-1.1) in addition to the above-specified cationic groups, and quaternized cellulose ethers available commercially under the trade names Ucare Polymer JR and Celquat.Other suitable cationic polymers are homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride available commercially under the trade name Merquat 100, copolymers of dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide, available commercially under the trade names Merquat 550 and Merquat S, quaternized vinyl pyrrolidone acrylate or methacrylate copolymers of amino alcohol available commercially under the trade name Gafquat, and polyalkyleneimines such as polyethylenimine and ethoxylated polyethylenimine.

Anionic polymers suitable herein include hydrophobically-modified crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid having amphipathic properties as marketed by B F Goodrich under the trade name Pemulen TRI and Pemulen TR2; and the carboxyvinyl polymers sold by B F Goodrich under the trade mark Carbopol and which consist of polymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with polyallyl sucrose or polyallyl pentaeythritol, for example, Carbopol 934, 940 and 950.

The viscosity of the final composition (Brookfield RVT, Spindle 4, 20 rpm, 25"C) is preferably at least about 1,000 cps, more preferably from about 1500 to about 10,000 cps, especially from about 2,000 to about 4,000 cps. Compositions for shower gel use, however, preferably have non-Newtonian viscosity characteristics with a viscosity (Brookfield RVT, Helipath, Spindle T-B, 5 rpm, 25"C, 1 min) in the range of from about 10,000 to about 40,000 cps, more preferably from about 20,000 to about 30,000 cps.

The cleansing compositions can optionally include a hair or skin moisturizer. The preferred level of moisturizer is from about 3% to about 40% by weight. In preferred embodiments, the moisturizer is nonocclusive and is selected from: 2. essential amino acid compounds found naturally occurring in the stratum corneum of the skin; and 3. water-soluble nonpolyol nonocclusives and mixtures thereof.

Some examples of more preferred nonocclusive moisturizers are glycerine, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers of methyl glucose (e.g. methyl glucan-20) and esters thereof (eg PEG 120 methyl glucose dioleate), polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers of lanolin alcohol (e.g. Solulan-75), sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid, urea, L-proline, guanidine, pyrrolidone and mixtures thereof. Of the above, glycerine is highly preferred.

Examples of other moisturizers include water-soluble hexadecyl, myristyl, isodecyl or isopropyl esters of adipic, lactic, oleic, stearic, isostearic, myristic or linoleic acids, as well as many of their corresponding alcohol esters (sodium isostearoyl-2-lactylate, sodium capryl lactylate), polyethyleneglycol esters such as PEG (6) capryliclcapryl glycerate (Softigen 767), hydrolyzed protein and other collagen-derived proteins, aloe vera gel and acetamide MEA.

A further preferred component of the compositions of the invention is a water-soluble Ca2+/Mg2+ sequesterant which is preferably added at a level of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight to provide lather boosting advantages under hard water usage conditions. Suitable sequesterants include polycarboxylates, amino polycarboxylates, polyphosphates, polyphosphonates and aminopolyphosphonates such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, pyrophosphoric acid, etc. and their water-soluble salts.

A number of additional optional materials can be added to the cleansing compositions. Such materials include proteins and polypeptides and derivatives thereof; water-soluble or solubilizable preservatives such as DMDM Hydantoin, Germall 115, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl esters of hydroxybenzoic acid, EDTA, Euxyl (RTM) K400, Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1 ,3-diol), sodium benzoate and 2-phenoxyethanol; other moisturizing agents such as hylaronic acid, chitin, and starch-grafted sodium polyacrylates such as Sanwet (RTM) IM1000, IM-1500 and IM-2500 available from Celanese Superabsorbent Materials, Portsmith, VA, USA and described in US-A-4,076,663; solvents such as hexylene glycol and propylene glycol; low temperature phase modifiers such as ammonium ion sources (e.g.NH4 Cl); viscosity control agents such as magnesium sulfate and other electrolytes; colouring agents; pearlescers and opacifiers such as ethylene glycol distearate, TiO2 and TiO2-coated mica; perfumes and perfume solubilizers etc. Conventional nonionic emollient oils and waxes can be included as additional skin and hair conditioning agents at levels from about 0.5% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 10%, more preferably from about 1 % to about 6%.Such materials include, for example, water-insoluble silicones inclusive of non-volative polyalkyl and polyaryl siloxane gums and fluids, volatile cyclic and linear polyalkylsiloxanes, polyalkoxylated silicones, amino and quaternary ammonium modified silicones, rigid cross-linked and reinforced silicones and mixtures thereof, mineral oils, fatty sorbitan esters (see US-A-3988255, Seiden, issued October 26th 1976), lanolin and lanolin derivatives, esters such as isopropyl myristate and triglycerides such as coconut oil and soybean oil, linoleic and linolenic acids and esters thereof, and dimer and trimer acids and esters thereof, such as diisopropyl dimerate, diisostearylmalate, diisostearyldimerate and triisostearyltrimerate. Water is also present at a level of from about 45% to about 99% preferably at least about 60% by weight of the compositions herein.

The pH of the compositions is preferably from about 4 to about 9, more preferably from about 4.5 to about 7.0, pH being controlled, for example, using a citrate buffer system.

The invention is illustrated by the following non-limiting examples. In the examples, all concentrations are on a 100% active basis and the abbreviations have the following designation: Amphoteric Empigen CDR 60 - an aqueous mixture of about 26.5% cocoamphoacetate(the amphoteric of formula I and/or IV in which R1 is coconut alkyl, R2 is H, and Z is CO2Na) and about 1.5% cocoamphodiacetate (the amphoteric of formula I and/or IV in which R1 is coconut alkyl, R2 is CH2CO2Na and Z is CO2Na).

Anionic Sodium laureth-2 ether sulfate APG Alkylpolysaccharide of formula VI in which R is C8-C10 alkyl, t is 0, Z is a glucose residue and x is about 1.5.

DEA Coconut diethanolamide MEA Coconut monoethanolamide Betaine Cocoamidopropylbetaine Ceraphyl GA Maleated soybean oil marketed by Van Dyke Polymer 1 Merquat 550 - Copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, m.wt. 2.5 x 106 (8% solution) Polymer 2 Polymer JR-400 - hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with epichlorohydrin and quaternized with trimethylamine, m.wt. 4 x106 MA Myristic Acid Preservative DMDM Hydantoin Pearlescer Lytron 631, 40% polystyrene Oil Soyabeanoil Softigen 767 PEG(6) caprylic/capryl glycerate LMEA N-lactoylethanolamine Glucamate Glucamate DOE120 - PEG 120 methyl glucose dioleate Shea PEG 75 Shea Butter Examples I to Vll The following are personal cleansing compositions in the form of bath and shower foam products and which are representative of the present invention: : I II Ill IV V VI VII Amphoteric 7.5 3.0 - 5.0 2.5 - 5.0 Anionic 7.5 9.0 12.0 10.0 7.5 12.0 10.0 APG 2.5 - - 2.0 - 2.5 2.5 DEA 3.0 1.0 - 2.0 1.0 3.0 MEA - - - - - - 3.0 Betaine - 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.5 2.5 Ceraphyl GA 1.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.8 LMEA 2.0 3.0 1.0 2.5 3.0 0.5 2.0 Polymer 1 - 0.1 0.2 - 0.1 0.2 Polymer 2 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 0.1 - 0.2 Softigen 767 - - - - - 2.0 1.0 MA - 2.0 - 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 Oil - - - - - 5.0 5.0 Preservative 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.2 Pearlescer 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 Perfume 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 I Il Ill IV V VI VII Glycerine 3.0 - - - - - 3.0 Shea - - 1.5 - 1.0 1.0 Glucamate 1.0 - 0.5 - - 1.0 Citrate 1.0 - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0 Water ---------------------------------------- to 100 -------------------------------- Compositions II and IV are prepared by forming a gel phase A of Polymer 1 and/or 2 in water, forming an aqueous phase B containing the remaining watersoluble, oil-insoluble ingredients, separately forming an oil phase C containing the Ceraphyl GA, MA, DEA and pearlescer, admixing phases A and B and heating to about 65-70"C, heating phase C to about 65-70"C and admixing with the main mix of phases A and B, cooling to about 40-45"C and adding preservative, and then cooling to ambient temperature and adding the perfume.

Compositions VI and VII are prepared by forming a surfactant phase A containing a portion of the water, the anionic and amphoteric surfactants and the remaining water-soluble, oil-insoluble ingredients, forming an oil phase B containing the MA, DEA, Softigen and oil, admixing B with A at about 40"-50"C, adding the remaining water, preservative and perfume and cooling to ambient temperature, and finally admixing the Ceraphyl GA. Compositions 1, III, and V are prepared by admixing all ingredients in water at ambient temperature.

The products provide excellent in-use and efficacy benefits including cleansing and lathering together with improved skin-feel, mildness and skin conditioning (hydration, suppleness etc.).

Claims (16)

1. A personal cleansing composition comprising: (a) from about 5% to about 60% by weight of surfactant selected from anionic, non ionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof, (b) from about 0.1 % to about 10% by weight of an adduct prepared from vegetable oils containing non-conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid esters which are conjugated and elaidinized and then modified via Dies-Alder addition with a member of the group consisting of acrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride; (c) from about 0.1% to about 10% of an N-acylalkanolamine humectant; and (d) water, wherein the weight ratio of vegetable oil adduct to N-acylalkanolamine humectant is in the range from about 10:1 to about 1:10.

2. A composition according to Claim wherein the surfactant comprises a mixture of anionic with zwitterionic and/or amphoteric surfactants and wherein the level of the individual anionic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants is in the range from about 1 % to about 15%, preferably from about 2% to about 13% by weight.

3. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the anionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated alkyl sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, methyl acyl taurates, fatty acyl glycinates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their salts and/or their esters, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate esters, acyl sarcosinates and fatty acid/protein condensates, and mixtures thereof.

4. A composition according to Claim 3 wherein the anionic surfactant comprises an ethoxylated Cg-C22 alkyl sulfate.

5. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the amphoteric surfactant is selected from: (a) imidazolinium derivatives of formula (II)

wherein R1 is C7-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R2 is hydrogen or CH2Z, each Z is independently CO2M or CH2CO2M, and M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium; and/or ammonium derivatives of formula (III)

wherein R1, R2 and Z are as defined above: (b) aminoalkanoates of formula (IV) R1 NH(CH2)nCO2M and iminodialkanoates of formula (V) R1 N[(CH2)mCO2M]2 wherein n and m are numbers from 1 to 4, and R1 and M are independently selected from the groups specified in (a) above; and (c) mixtures thereof.

6. A composition according to Claim 5 wherein the amphoteric is selected from the imidazolinium derivatives of formula II and/or ammonium derivatives of formula Ill.

7. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 6 comprising from about 1 % to about 15%, preferably from about 2% to about 8% by weight of a betaine surfactant.

8. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 7 comprising from about 0.1 % to about 20%, preferably from about 2% to about 16% by weight of a nonionic surfactant.

9. A composition according to Claim 8 wherein the nonionic surfactant is selcted from alkylpolysaccharides having the general formula RO(CnH2n0)tZx where Z is a moiety derived from glucose, fructose or galactose, R is Cg-C18 alkyl or alkenyl, n is 2 or 3, t is from 0 to 10 and x is from 1.5 to 4; polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants having the formula R8(CO)N(R9)Z2 wherein Rg is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2 hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl or a mixture thereof, R8 is Cg-C31 hydrocarbyl and Z2 is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to said chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof; or a mixture of said alkyl polysaccharide and polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants.

10. A composition according to Claim 8 wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from ethoxylated oils or fats having the formula (X)

wherein n is from about 5 to 200, preferably from about 20 to about 100, more preferably from about 30 to about 85, and wherein R comprises an aliphatic radical having an average from about 5 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 9 to 20 atoms, more preferably from about 11 to 18 carbon atoms, most preferably from about 12 to 16 carbon atoms.

11. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 10 comprising from about 0.25% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.3% to about 3% of the vegetable oil adduct.

12. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 11 additionally comprising from about 0.5% to about 6%, preferably from about 1.5% to about 5% by weight of a saturated fatty acid having a weight-average chain length of from 10 to 16, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms.

13. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 12 additionally comprising from 0.01 % to 5%, preferably from about 0.04% to about 2% and more preferably from 0.05% to 1 % of a cationic or nonionic polymeric skin or hair conditioning agent, selected from cationic and nonionic polysaccharides; cationic and nonionic homopolymers and copolymers derived from acrylic and/or methacrylic acid, cationic and non ionic cellulose resins; cationic copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylic acid; cationic homopolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride; cationic polyalkylene and ethoxypolyalkylene imines; quaternized silicones, and mixtures thereof.

14. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 13 additionally comprising moisturiser selected from glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol ethers of methyl glucose and esters thereof, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol ethers of lanolin alcohol, PEG(6) caprylic/capryl glycerate, sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, lactic acid, L-proline and mixtures thereof.

15. A composition according to any of Claims 1 to 14 wherein the vegetable oil adduct has the formula (I)

wherein x, y are integers of from 3 to 9, R3 and R4 are independently selected from saturated and unsaturated C7-C22 hydrocarbyl, each Z1 being CO2M and wherein M is H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkalolammonium.

16. A composition according to any ot Claims | to 15 whereln the N acylalkanolamine is selected from N-formylethanolamine, N acetylethanolamine, N-propionylethanolamine, and N-lactoylethanolamine and mixtures thereof.