GB2267068A - Moving aircraft on the ground. - Google Patents
Moving aircraft on the ground. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2267068A GB2267068A GB9306788A GB9306788A GB2267068A GB 2267068 A GB2267068 A GB 2267068A GB 9306788 A GB9306788 A GB 9306788A GB 9306788 A GB9306788 A GB 9306788A GB 2267068 A GB2267068 A GB 2267068A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- powered vehicle
- control means
- powered
- wheels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
- B64F1/22—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for handling aircraft
- B64F1/223—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations for handling aircraft for towing aircraft
- B64F1/225—Vehicles specially adapted therefor, e.g. aircraft tow tractors
- B64F1/227—Vehicles specially adapted therefor, e.g. aircraft tow tractors for direct connection to aircraft, e.g. tow tractors without towing bars
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
Abstract
To move an aircraft, a powered tractor (6) is coupled to the nose wheels (4) by way of a towbar (8). In the cab of the powered tractor (6), control means are provided which power an umbilical (10) which has an electrical connector (12) which is connected at (14) to an electrical control system for the braking system for the main wheels of the aircraft so that the control means in the tractor (6) controls the aircraft braking system. Movement of the powered tractor (6) backwardly or forwardly moves the aircraft (2) accordingly. However, deceleration or stopping of the aircraft (2) is by braking the main wheels of the aircraft by actuation of the main braking system from the control means in the tractor (6). This avoids putting undue stress on the aircraft nose gear and enables movement of the aircraft by a single operator. The powered tractor (6) may engage and lift the nose wheels (4) instead of using a towbar. <IMAGE>
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MOVING AIRCRAFT
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for moving aircraft.
It is becoming increasingly popular to tow aircraft when on the ground at airports as a fuel economy measure.
Because of this a number of towing devices and other plane transfer systems have been proposed or are in operation.
These known devices include powered tractors arranged to be connected to the aircraft nose wheel by way of a towbar, and towbarless powered tractors arranged to capture and lift the nose gear of an aircraft prior to moving the aircraft.
However, there are limitations on the use of such tractors which restrict their use and hence the fuel economies which can be obtained. For example, it is generally necessary to restrict the speed at which the tractors move the aircraft. This is because the tractors are generally coupled to the nose gear and the application of braking forces from the tractor to the nose gear causes damage to the nose gear if the tractor speed is high.
Furthermore, when an aircraft is being towed, a pilot or maintenance man is generally required to be in the cockpit so that the main wheel brakes of the aircraft can be applied in an emergency. Not only is this wasteful of manpower when it is simply wished to move an unloaded aircraft, but differential braking arising from the towing tractor and from the aircraft can cause the towbar to break.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for moving aircraft which avoids the disadvantages described above of the known systems.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of moving an aircraft, the method comprising the steps of coupling a powered vehicle to wheels of said aircraft such that driven movement of said powered vehicle is arranged to move the aircraft, and coupling control means of one of said powered vehicle or aircraft to actuate a system or systems of the other of said aircraft or powered vehicle such that a single operator can control both the powered vehicle and the aircraft, and the method further comprising moving and directing the aircraft by driven movement of said powered vehicle, and stopping the aircraft by actuating a braking system associated with the main wheels of the aircraft.
With a method of the invention, the aircraft is braked by the use of its own braking system which brakes the main wheels. No unusual stresses and strains are thus applied to the nose gear of the aircraft, and the speed restrictions which are currently enforced when moving aircraft in this manner in order to protect the aircraft, and particularly the nose gear thereof, can be lifted. In this respect, an aircraft may be designed to be braked on a runway by way of its main brakes when it is travelling at speeds of the order of 150 km per hour and above.
Accordingly, a method of the invention enables the aircraft to be towed quite safely at speeds of up to 60 km per hour.
In one embodiment, said control means are provided in said aircraft and are coupled to actuate throttle and steering systems of said powered vehicle. For example, the normal aircraft steering and throttle controls may be coupled to those of the powered vehicle. This enables the pilot to move the aircraft as required once the powered vehicle has been coupled thereto. The driver of the powered vehicle will thus only have to attend to the coupling and decoupling as necessary, and may function as a lookout whilst the pilot controls the speed and direction of the powered vehicle, and hence of the aircraft.
In an alternative embodiment, said control means are provided in said powered vehicle and are coupled to actuate said braking system for the main wheels of the aircraft.
As, in this case, the main brakes of the aircraft can be applied by way of said control means, the need to have someone in the cockpit, unless the plane is being towed to or from the runway, can be obviated.
The powered vehicle which is to move the aircraft may be coupled to the nose wheels, and/or to the main wheels, and/or to a combination of nose and main wheels as is convenient. However, in view of the easy accessibility thereof, the powered vehicle is preferably coupled to the nose wheels.
The powered vehicle may be of any required design.
For example, the vehicle may comprise a powered tractor having a towbar for coupling the tractor to the nose gear.
Alternatively, the powered vehicle may be a towbarless powered tractor arranged to engage and lift the nose wheels. It is also possible for the powered vehicle to comprise a first vehicle to be coupled either by way of a towbar, or in a towbarless manner, to the wheels of an aircraft, and a powered tractor coupled to said first vehicle to provide the drive movement.
Whatever the construction of the powered vehicle, it will normally have a driving position at which the vehicle controls are provided. In a preferred embodiment of a method of the invention, the control means for applying the main brakes of the aircraft are provided at the driving position of the powered vehicle.
A method of the invention has a further particular advantage when an aircraft is to be moved by a vehicle comprising a towbarless tractor. In this respect, in a preferred embodiment of the method, when it is required to engage and lift the aircraft nose wheels, the method further comprises causing the control means of said powered vehicle to actuate said braking system and thereby brake the main wheels of the aircraft, and then causing the powered vehicle to lift and capture the nose wheels thereof.
This particular embodiment of the invention increases considerably the safety of towbarless tractors.
The present invention also extends to apparatus for moving an aircraft by a method as defined above.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided apparatus for moving an aircraft, said apparatus comprising a powered vehicle, means for coupling said powered vehicle to wheels of an aircraft such that movement of said powered vehicle is arranged to move and direct the aircraft, actuation of a braking system associated with the main wheels of the aircraft being arranged to brake or stop the aircraft, control means in one of said powered vehicle or aircraft for controlling movement of the aircraft by the powered vehicle, and means for coupling said control means to an operating system or systems of said aircraft or powered vehicle.
The operating system or systems to which the control means are coupled are selected such that both the powered vehicle and the aircraft may be controlled by a single operator, for example, by the pilot or by the driver of the powered vehicle.
In one embodiment, said operating systems to which the control means is coupled comprise the throttle and steering systems of said powered vehicle. For example, the control means may comprise the normal aircraft steering and throttle controls such that the pilot is able to steer and control the speed of the powered vehicle.
In an alternative embodiment, said operating system comprises said braking system associated with the main wheels of the aircraft. In this embodiment, said coupling means couple said control means to the braking system for the main wheels of the aircraft such that said control means are arranged to actuate said braking system and thereby brake the main wheels of said aircraft. The control means is provided in said powered vehicle.
The coupling means for coupling said powered vehicle to the aircraft may be arranged to be coupled to the nose wheels, and/or to the main wheels, and/or to a combination of nose and main wheels as is convenient. However, in view of the easy accessibility thereof, said coupling means is preferably arranged to be coupled to the nose wheels.
The powered vehicle may be of any required design.
For example, said vehicle may comprise a powered tractor having a towbar for coupling the tractor to the nose gear.
Alternatively, said vehicle may comprise a towbarless powered tractor arranged to engage and lift the nose wheels.
In an alternative embodiment, said powered vehicle comprises a first vehicle having said coupling means for coupling to the wheels of an aircraft, and a powered tractor coupled to said first vehicle to provide the drive movement. In this embodiment, said first vehicle is preferably unpowered.
Said coupling means for coupling said powered tractor or said first vehicle to said aircraft wheels may comprise a towbar, or may comprise a towbarless arrangement.
Whatever the construction of the powered vehicle, it will generally have a driving position at which the vehicle controls are provided. In an embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, the control means for applying the main brakes of the aircraft are provided at the driving position of said powered vehicle.
Frequently, the braking system for the main wheels of an aircraft is an electrically controlled, hydraulically powered system. Thus, electrical control means will be provided in the aircraft cockpit for applying the main brakes. In an embodiment of apparatus of the present invention, said control means of the powered vehicle comprise electrical control means arranged to be electrically connected with an electrical control system for the aircraft braking system. In this respect, the aircraft may be provided with a socket on its exterior which is electrically connected to the electrical control system for the braking system. In an embodiment of the invention, said control means comprise an electrical cable terminating in a plug arranged to be received within said socket. Thus, said control means may be coupled to the braking system by engagement of the plug in the aircraft socket.This electrically connects said control means to the electrical control system of the aircraft braking system such that operation of the control means actuates the braking system and thereby applies the brakes.
In a preferred embodiment, the control means of the powered vehicle comprises an electrically controlled proportional valve.
Embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows schematically an aircraft being towed by a powered tractor in accordance with the invention, and
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram illustrating the connection of control means of said powered tractor to a braking system of the aircraft.
In Figure 1 an aircraft, generally indicated at 2, has a nose gear assembly, including nose wheels 4, connected to a powered tractor 6 by way of a towbar 8. The powered tractor 6 is provided with electrical control means (not shown) arranged to apply power to an umbilical 10 which has an electrical connector 12 at the free end thereof. The aircraft is provided with a corresponding connector 14 which, as will become apparent below, is connected to an electrical control system for the aircraft's braking system of the main wheels (not shown) of the aircraft. The connectors 12 and 14 are arranged to be electrically connectible such that the electrical control means in the powered tractor 6 is electrically connected to the electrical system controlling the braking system.The connectors 12 and 14 may be configured as required, but preferably the connector 12 at the end of the umbilical 10 is a plug, whereas the connector 14 on the aircraft is a corresponding socket. The control means of the powered tractor are provided in the driver's cab.
The powered tractor 6 may be of any suitable type. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the powered tractor 6 has a towbar 8 which is arranged to be connected to the nose wheels 4 when it is required to move the aircraft 2.
Thus, it will be appreciated that movement of the powered tractor 6 backwardly or forwardly will move the aircraft 2 accordingly.
Heretofore, deceleration or stopping of towed aircraft has been occasioned by stopping the tractor 6. However, particularly if the tractor has been moving at high speed, this puts undue stresses on the nose gear. It is because of this that the speed at which powered tractors as 6 are allowed to move is generally restricted.
In the embodiment of the invention indicated in Figure 1, braking of the aircraft 2 is by way of the application of braking forces to the main wheels of the aircraft. This is achieved by actuation of the main braking system of the aircraft from the control means in the tractor 6. Figure 2 shows schematically four brakes 16 for braking the main wheels (not shown) of the aircraft 2. These brakes 16 are actuated by the application of hydraulic fluid thereto under the control of an hydraulic pressure motor 18. It will be seen that the motor 18 is connected by appropriate hydraulic fluid lines 20 to all of the brakes 16. The aircraft 2 is provided with an electrical control circuit for applying the brakes 16. This electrical control circuit comprises control lines 22 which are connected to electrical terminals 24 of the hydraulic pressure motor 18.
As can be seen from Figure 2, additional electrical control lines 26 are also connected to the terminals 24 of the hydraulic pressure motor 18 and terminate in the socket 14. Similarly, the umbilical 10 connected to the control means in the powered tractor 6 includes electrical control lines 26 which terminate in the plug 12. It will be appreciated that the control lines 22 and 26 are brought into electrical connection when the plug 12 is engaged within the socket 14. It will immediately be understood that by this means, the control means in the powered tractor 6 is able to actuate the brakes 16.
Thus, when it is required to tow an aircraft as 2, utilising apparatus of the invention, the powered tractor 6 is manoeuvred by its operator to an appropriate position beneath the aircraft proximate to the nose gear. The towbar 8 is then connected to the nose wheels 4 whereby the powered tractor 6 is coupled to wheels of the aircraft 2.
At the same time, the plug 12 of the tractor 6 is connected into the socket 14 on the aircraft to electrically connect the control means in the driver's cab of the tractor to the control circuit of the aircraft braking system.
Thereafter, the aircraft 2 is moved by driving the powered tractor 6 to either tow or push back the aircraft 2 by way of the towbar 8. However, when it is required to brake the aircraft 2, the brakes of the powered tractor 6 are not applied. Instead, the driver of the powered tractor utilises the control means provided to apply the main brakes of the aircraft by way of the electrical control circuit and the hydraulic pressure motor 18.
In the embodiment illustrated, the powered tractor 6 is connected to the nose wheels 4 by way of a towbar 8.
However, the invention is equally applicable to a towbarless tractor. When it is required to utilise a towbarless tractor, the connection of the tractor umbilical 10 to the aircraft 2 is made first. The brakes of the aircraft are then applied, and with the brakes applied the tractor 6 is manoeuvred to engage and lift the nose wheels 4. Because the aircraft brakes are applied there is no danger of the aircraft moving during the lifting and capture manoeuvre.
Because the invention enables the braking of the aircraft by way of its own brakes, the aircraft can be manoeuvred without it being necessary to have anyone in the cockpit. Furthermore, the towing operation does not apply any undue forces onto the nose gear.
In the embodiments particularly described above, a powered tractor has been coupled either directly, or by way of a towbar, to the nose gear of the aircraft. However, the invention is equally applicable to an arrangement where a non-powered tractor is connected either directly or indirectly to the aircraft. In this case, the non-powered tractor will be itself coupled to a powered vehicle. In this situation the control means would be provided at the driving position of the powered vehicle for operation by the driver of that vehicle.
In the embodiment particularly described and illustrated, the aircraft is moved, directed, and stopped by the driver of the powered vehicle who uses the normal steering and throttle controls of the vehicle, and by way of the control means in the powered vehicle, the braking system of the aircraft. Alternatively, it can be arranged that the pilot of the aircraft controls the movement thereof by way of the powered vehicle. In this case, the aircraft and powered vehicle are coupled by way of an umbilical 10 as described, but the connections are such as to enable control of the steering and throttle controls of the powered vehicle by way of control means in the aircraft cockpit. The aircraft braking system continues to be used to stop the aircraft as required
In the embodiments particularly described, towing of the aircraft is by coupling to the nose gear. Additionally and/or alternatively, towing may be by coupling the vehicle to the main wheels.
It will be appreciated that other modifications in or variations to the invention as described and illustrated may be made within the scope of this application.
Claims (20)
1. A method of moving an aircraft, the method comprising the steps of coupling a powered vehicle to wheels of said aircraft such that driven movement of said powered vehicle is arranged to move the aircraft, and coupling control means of one of said powered vehicle or aircraft to actuate a system or systems of the other of said aircraft or powered vehicle such that a single operator can control both the powered vehicle and the aircraft, and the method further comprising moving and directing the aircraft by driven movement of said powered vehicle, and stopping the aircraft by actuating a braking system associated with the main wheels of the aircraft.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said control means are provided in said aircraft and are coupled to actuate throttle and steering systems of said powered vehicle.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said control means are provided in said powered vehicle and are coupled to actuate said braking system for the main wheels of the aircraft.
4. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said powered vehicle is coupled to nose wheels of the aircraft.
5. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said powered vehicle comprises a powered tractor having a towbar for coupling the tractor to the nose gear of the aircraft
6. A method as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4, wherein said powered vehicle comprises a towbarless powered tractor arranged to engage and lift the nose wheels of the aircraft.
7. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said powered vehicle has a driving position at which vehicle controls are provided, and wherein said control means are coupled to apply the main brakes of the aircraft and are provided at the driving position of the powered vehicle.
8. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the aircraft is to be moved by a powered vehicle comprising a towbarless tractor, the method further comprising the steps of causing control means of said powered vehicle to actuate said braking system and thereby brake the main wheels of the aircraft, and then causing the powered vehicle to lift and capture the nose wheels of the aircraft.
9. Apparatus for moving an aircraft by a method as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 8.
10. Apparatus for moving an aircraft, said apparatus comprising a powered vehicle, means for coupling said powered vehicle to wheels of an aircraft such that movement of said powered vehicle is arranged to move and direct the aircraft, actuation of a braking system associated with the main wheels of the aircraft being arranged to brake or stop the aircraft, control means in one of said powered vehicle or aircraft for controlling movement of the aircraft by the powered vehicle, and means for coupling said control means to an operating system or systems of said aircraft or powered vehicle.
11 Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, wherein said control means is provided in said powered vehicle, and wherein said coupling means couple said control means to the braking system for the main wheels of the aircraft such that said control means are arranged to actuate said braking system and thereby brake the main wheels of said aircraft.
12. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 10 or 11, wherein said coupling means for coupling said powered vehicle to the aircraft is arranged to be coupled to the nose wheels of the aircraft.
13. Apparatus as claimed in any of Claims 10 to 12, wherein said powered vehicle comprises a powered tractor having a towbar for coupling the tractor to the nose gear of the aircraft.
14. Apparatus as claimed in any of Claims 10 to 12, wherein said powered vehicle comprises a towbarless powered tractor arranged to engage and lift the nose wheels of the aircraft.
15. Apparatus as claimed in any of Claims 10 to 14, wherein said powered vehicle has a driving position at which vehicle controls are provided, and wherein said control means are arranged to be coupled to apply the main brakes of the aircraft and are provided at the driving position of said powered vehicle.
16. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 15, wherein the braking system for the main wheels of an aircraft is an electrically controlled, hydraulically powered system, and electrical control means are provided in the aircraft cockpit for applying the main brakes, and wherein said control means of the powered vehicle comprises electrical control means arranged to be electrically connected with the electrical control system for the aircraft braking system.
17. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the aircraft is provided with a socket electrically connected to the electrical control system for the braking system, and wherein, said control means comprises an electrical cable terminating in a plug and arranged to be received within said socket.
18. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 16 or 17, wherein said control means of the powered vehicle comprises an electrically controlled proportional valve.
19. A method of moving an aircraft substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
20. Apparatus for moving an aircraft substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB929207183A GB9207183D0 (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1992-04-01 | Method and apparatus for moving aircraft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9306788D0 GB9306788D0 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
| GB2267068A true GB2267068A (en) | 1993-11-24 |
Family
ID=10713289
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB929207183A Pending GB9207183D0 (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1992-04-01 | Method and apparatus for moving aircraft |
| GB9306788A Withdrawn GB2267068A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1993-04-01 | Moving aircraft on the ground. |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB929207183A Pending GB9207183D0 (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1992-04-01 | Method and apparatus for moving aircraft |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9207183D0 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6305484B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-23 | Leblanc Edward L. | Automated aircraft towing vehicle system |
| WO2011066891A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-09 | Diehl Aerospace Gmbh | Multi-function aircraft tractor |
| EP2349841A2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2011-08-03 | Airbus Société par Actions Simplifiées | Method for towing airplanes |
| CN103253376B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-02-10 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Ground traction and brake pressure indicating device separated from airplane and drawing line |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111703585B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-08-24 | 南京航空航天大学 | Self-adjusting wheel-holding clamping device of rodless aircraft tractor |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4113041A (en) * | 1974-06-15 | 1978-09-12 | Mogens Birkeholm | Method and tractor for towing aircraft |
| US4976499A (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1990-12-11 | Messier-Hispano-Bugatti | Braking system for use when towing an aircraft on the ground |
| US4991862A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1991-02-12 | University Of Wisconsin-Milwaukee | Aircraft towing apparatus |
-
1992
- 1992-04-01 GB GB929207183A patent/GB9207183D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-04-01 GB GB9306788A patent/GB2267068A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4113041A (en) * | 1974-06-15 | 1978-09-12 | Mogens Birkeholm | Method and tractor for towing aircraft |
| US4976499A (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1990-12-11 | Messier-Hispano-Bugatti | Braking system for use when towing an aircraft on the ground |
| US4991862A (en) * | 1989-04-26 | 1991-02-12 | University Of Wisconsin-Milwaukee | Aircraft towing apparatus |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6305484B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-23 | Leblanc Edward L. | Automated aircraft towing vehicle system |
| EP2349841A2 (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2011-08-03 | Airbus Société par Actions Simplifiées | Method for towing airplanes |
| WO2011066891A1 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2011-06-09 | Diehl Aerospace Gmbh | Multi-function aircraft tractor |
| CN103253376B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2016-02-10 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Ground traction and brake pressure indicating device separated from airplane and drawing line |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9207183D0 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
| GB9306788D0 (en) | 1993-05-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |