GB2258236A - Molecular synthesis - Google Patents
Molecular synthesis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2258236A GB2258236A GB9116432A GB9116432A GB2258236A GB 2258236 A GB2258236 A GB 2258236A GB 9116432 A GB9116432 A GB 9116432A GB 9116432 A GB9116432 A GB 9116432A GB 2258236 A GB2258236 A GB 2258236A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- molecular
- substrate
- template
- nanofabricated
- surface structure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000609 electron-beam lithography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003278 mimic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49866—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials
- H01L23/49883—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers characterised by the materials the conductive materials containing organic materials or pastes, e.g. for thick films
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/532—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body characterised by the materials
- H01L23/53204—Conductive materials
- H01L23/5328—Conductive materials containing conductive organic materials or pastes, e.g. conductive adhesives, inks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/31732—Depositing thin layers on selected microareas
- H01J2237/31733—Depositing thin layers on selected microareas using STM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
Abstract
Molecular synthesis is carried out on a substrate (1) provided with a nanofabricated surface structure (2, 3) typically formed by means of a scanning tunneling microscope. The resulting surface structure acts as a molecular template and components parts of a molecular structure are moved to the template e.g. by control potentials applied to surface electrodes (4) formed by electron beam lithography on the substrate. A long molecular chain can be assembled using the substrate to form the chain from a plurality of component molecular parts. Alternatively, the substrate, with the assembled molecular chain, can be used as a catalyst. <IMAGE>
Description
MOLECULAR SYNTHESIS
DESCRIPTION
This invention relates to molecular synthesis and has particular but not exclusive application to synthesising large organic molecules.
Large organic molecules are of increasing interest for microelectronic applications. In particular, linear conducting molecules are being investigated for use in transistors and other devices and microcircuits.
Linear conductors can exhibit semiconductivity, Fröhlich super- conductivity, charge and spin density waves (Peierls transition), and should show other one dimensional transport properties. They are potentially ideal one dimensional conductors, as both electron and phonon transport may be confined to single atomic chains. This is manifested most clearly where there are conjugated (e.g. u-conjugated carbon) bonds along the principal axis, and much weaker (e.g. hydrogen) bonds in perpendicular directions. This case ensures maximum electron transport localisation to the principal axis, and also maximum phonon transport localisation. It is systems such as this that show Peierls transitions very clearly, and also have been demonstrated exhibiting superconductivity with a critical temperature in the region of 15K.One of the problems with experiments on these systems is that they must be conducted on crystals containing many hundreds of molecules, which are inherently highly defective.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method by which such long chain molecules can be synthesised. In accordance with the invention, there is provided a method of molecular synthesis comprising providing a substrate with a nanofabricated surface structure that acts as a molecular template for permitting a particular molecular structure to form thereon, and feeding component parts of said molecular structure to the template so as to form said structure thereon.
The invention also includes a substrate for use in the method including said nanofabricated surface structure for use as the molecular template.
The template may be formed by microwriting with a scanning tunneling microscope (STN), or other lithographic device with atomic resolution.
The method may also include moving the molecular structure formed on the template away from the region, and the substrate may include control regions for applying control potentials for moving the molecular component parts to or from the template region. The control regions may be formed by electron beam lithography, or other fine lithography.
The unit cell of a large molecule may be formed, then moved to one side as another unit cell is formed then joined to the first and so on.
Thus, by means of the invention, it is possible to synthesise long chain molecules. The molecules thus formed may be moved from the template so that successive molecular fabrications can be achieved in the manner of a production line.
Alternatively, component parts of the molecular structure may be at first physisorbed onto the surface (electrostatic van der Waals type bonding) and then be chemisorbed (bonded more strongly to the template). The resulting synthesised molecular structure produces a charge density variation which allows reaction with other molecules which are on the surface or in an ambient medium. This would thus mimic certain types of inorganic enzymes and catalysts.
Additionally, potentials could be applied to the surface in such a way as to enhance the reaction. For example, bonds could be stretched or weakened or broken, permitting reactions which would not otherwise take place.
In order that the invention may be more fully understood an example thereof will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a substrate for use as a template in a method according to the invention; and
Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of another substrate which has had its surface modified by STN to receive an incoming molecule in a particular orientation.
Referring firstly to Figure 1, this shows a trench formed in a substrate by an STM method. As shown schematically, the lattice structure of the material eg silicon, has been modified by STN writing so as to form a trench 2 which includes a number of atomic "hillocks 3, constituted by a localised accumulation of atoms. The pattern of hillocks 3 is selected to form a template that will receive component parts of a molecular structure to be synthesised. The structure thus acts as a template for a long chain molecule. It may be desirable to apply electrical biasing to the trench to ensure that the local potential distribution corresponds to the molecule to be synthesised.
An electron beam lithography defined structure 4 is utilised to move component parts of the molecule to be synthesised into the trench. The structure 4 thus may comprise a control electrode to which control potentials are applied to shift the component molecular parts over the surface of the substrate to the trench.
The substrate may be grown, or altered with the atomic resolution lithography, so as to allow the application of potentials.
It will be appreciated that the formation of the trench by STM methods is time-consuming. Thus, the formation of the control electrodes 4 by electron beam lithography greatly facilitates construction of the device since the lower resolution lithography method can be carried out at a much faster rate than sm techniques.
Figure 2 shows schematically a molecule 5 approaching the molecular surface of the trench 2. The molecular hillock 3, formed by STM methods is configured in such a way that the molecule can only enter the recess 6 in a particular orientation. Thus, by arranging a number of such hillocks 3 and recess 6 along the length of the trench 2, it is possible to assemble component molecular parts such as the molecule 5 in a predetermined orientation along the trench, such that the molecules will bond to one another so as to synthesise a long chain molecule. Additional control electrodes (not shown) formed by electron beam lithography may be used to shift the synthesised molecule away from the trench for further use. Thus, the trench can be used as a tool in a production line process for assembling many molecules of identical molecular configuration.Such long chain molecules may be used e.g. for microcircuit fabrication. For molecules which have a repetitive molecular structure, it may be possible to define a unit cell in the trench so that the electrodes 4, after formation of a first unit part of the molecule, move the molecule along so that a second unit part can be formed thereon etc. in a continuous flow.
The nanofabricated surface structure need not necessarily be a trench; it could be a freestanding bridge or cantilever structure or of other suitable configuration.
In addition to forming molecules for microcircuits, it may be possible to synthesise pharmaceutical compositions, or molecules for other applications.
The surface itself could be used as a catalyst. Thus, the template defined by STM can be used to absorb preferentially molecules in a particular configuration so as to synthesise a particular reaction. In a first, passive system, molecules or atoms are first physisorbed onto the surface of the substrate (electrostatic van der Waals type bonding) and then chemisorbed (bond more strongly to the surface) to produce a charge density variation which allows reaction with certain other species which are on the surface or in an ambient medium. This would mimic certain types of inorganic catalysis.
An active catalytic device could also be produced.
This will alter the field distribution with applied potentials in such a way as to enhance a chemical reaction. For example bonds could be stretched or weakened or broken, permitting reactions which would not otherwise take place. Whilst the invention is primarily considered suitable for synthesising organic long chain molecules, it may also be applicable to inorganic molecular synthesis and catalysis.
Claims (12)
1. A method of molecular synthesis comprising providing a substrate with a nanofabricated surface structure that acts as a molecular template for permitting a particular molecular structure to form thereon, and feeding component parts of said molecular structure to the template so as to form said structure thereon.
2. A method according to claim 1 including moving the molecular structure formed on the template away from said nanofabricated surface structure.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2 including applying control electrical potentials to said component parts during the formation of said molecular structure.
4. A method according to any preceding claim including applying control potentials to the substrate adjacent said nanofabricated surface structure so as to move component parts of said molecular structure to the template.
5. A method according to any preceding claim including applying control potentials to the substrate to move the molecular structure formed by the template away from said nanofabricated surface structure.
6. A substrate for use in a method according to any preceding claim including a nanofabricated surface structure that acts as a molecular template for permitting a particular molecular structure to form thereon.
7. A substrate according to claim 6 wherein said nanofabricated surface structure includes a region wherein the molecular structure of the substrate has been modified by microwriting with a scanning tunneling microscope to define said template.
8. A substrate according to claim 6 or 7 including control regions for applying control potentials for moving said molecular component parts to or from the template region.
9. A substrate according to claim 6, 7 or 8 wherein said control regions are formed by electron beam lithography.
10. A method of molecular synthesis substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
11. A substrate for use in molecular synthesis, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
12. Nolecular structures formed by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9116432A GB2258236B (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1991-07-30 | Molecular synthesis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9116432A GB2258236B (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1991-07-30 | Molecular synthesis |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9116432D0 GB9116432D0 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| GB2258236A true GB2258236A (en) | 1993-02-03 |
| GB2258236B GB2258236B (en) | 1995-03-22 |
Family
ID=10699226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9116432A Expired - Fee Related GB2258236B (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1991-07-30 | Molecular synthesis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2258236B (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1230340A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2002-08-14 | Nanogen, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices |
| WO2003050854A2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-19 | The Pennsylvania State University | Chemical reactor templates: sacrificial layer fabrication and template use |
| US6706473B1 (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2004-03-16 | Nanogen, Inc. | Systems and devices for photoelectrophoretic transport and hybridization of oligonucleotides |
| US6744065B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2004-06-01 | Btg International Limited | Single electron devices |
| EP1597194A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-11-23 | Nano Cluster Devices Ltd. | Templated cluster assembled wires |
| US7309620B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2007-12-18 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Use of sacrificial layers in the manufacture of high performance systems on tailored substrates |
| US7427526B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2008-09-23 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Deposited thin films and their use in separation and sacrificial layer applications |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7828954B2 (en) | 2004-09-21 | 2010-11-09 | Gamida For Life B.V. | Electrode based patterning of thin film self-assembled nanoparticles |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3725111A (en) * | 1970-12-12 | 1973-04-03 | Hoffmann La Roche | Method of coating glass beads with a low cross-linked polymer |
| US4515920A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-05-07 | The Rockefeller University | Synthesis of peptides and proteins |
| JPS6360196A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-16 | Nec Corp | Surface treatment |
| WO1990015070A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Very large scale immobilized peptide synthesis |
| US4987312A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-01-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for repositioning atoms on a surface using a scanning tunneling microscope |
| US5021672A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Etching of nanoscale structures |
-
1991
- 1991-07-30 GB GB9116432A patent/GB2258236B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3725111A (en) * | 1970-12-12 | 1973-04-03 | Hoffmann La Roche | Method of coating glass beads with a low cross-linked polymer |
| US4515920A (en) * | 1984-04-30 | 1985-05-07 | The Rockefeller University | Synthesis of peptides and proteins |
| JPS6360196A (en) * | 1986-08-29 | 1988-03-16 | Nec Corp | Surface treatment |
| WO1990015070A1 (en) * | 1989-06-07 | 1990-12-13 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Very large scale immobilized peptide synthesis |
| US4987312A (en) * | 1989-11-07 | 1991-01-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Process for repositioning atoms on a surface using a scanning tunneling microscope |
| US5021672A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-06-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Etching of nanoscale structures |
| WO1991010344A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-07-11 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Etching of nanoscale structures |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8630807B2 (en) | 1993-11-01 | 2014-01-14 | Gamida For Life B.V. | Methods for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices |
| US6706473B1 (en) | 1996-12-06 | 2004-03-16 | Nanogen, Inc. | Systems and devices for photoelectrophoretic transport and hybridization of oligonucleotides |
| US6744065B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2004-06-01 | Btg International Limited | Single electron devices |
| EP1230340A1 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2002-08-14 | Nanogen, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices |
| EP1230340A4 (en) * | 1999-11-08 | 2003-05-21 | Nanogen Inc | Methods and apparatus for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices |
| US7060224B2 (en) | 1999-11-08 | 2006-06-13 | Nanogen, Inc. | Methods for the electronic, homogeneous assembly and fabrication of devices |
| US7427526B2 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2008-09-23 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Deposited thin films and their use in separation and sacrificial layer applications |
| WO2003050854A2 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-06-19 | The Pennsylvania State University | Chemical reactor templates: sacrificial layer fabrication and template use |
| WO2003050854A3 (en) * | 2001-12-12 | 2003-12-18 | Univ Pennsylvania | Chemical reactor templates: sacrificial layer fabrication and template use |
| US7309620B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2007-12-18 | The Penn State Research Foundation | Use of sacrificial layers in the manufacture of high performance systems on tailored substrates |
| EP1597194A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2005-11-23 | Nano Cluster Devices Ltd. | Templated cluster assembled wires |
| EP1597194A4 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2007-09-26 | Nano Cluster Devices Ltd | Templated cluster assembled wires |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9116432D0 (en) | 1991-09-11 |
| GB2258236B (en) | 1995-03-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20060730 |