GB2252553A - Plant growth medium - Google Patents

Plant growth medium Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2252553A
GB2252553A GB9200151A GB9200151A GB2252553A GB 2252553 A GB2252553 A GB 2252553A GB 9200151 A GB9200151 A GB 9200151A GB 9200151 A GB9200151 A GB 9200151A GB 2252553 A GB2252553 A GB 2252553A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
growth medium
plant growth
lignite
vegetable material
fibrous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9200151A
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GB2252553B (en
GB9200151D0 (en
Inventor
Francis Neil Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E J GODWIN
Original Assignee
E J GODWIN
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E J GODWIN filed Critical E J GODWIN
Publication of GB9200151D0 publication Critical patent/GB9200151D0/en
Publication of GB2252553A publication Critical patent/GB2252553A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2252553B publication Critical patent/GB2252553B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Abstract

An alternative to peat as a plant growth medium is formed using a mixture of lignite, for example in the form of washed brown coal, together with a fibrous vegetable material, such as rice or peanut husks, coconut fibre, cocoa bean hulls, or sugar cane bagasse, which decompose slowly when exposed to bacteria. The lignite reduces the pH to an acceptable range, typically 7.5 to 4.5, and increases the cation exchange capacity of the plant growth medium. The fibrous vegetable material should be high in lignin, typically in excess of 60% by weight of lignin, and less than 15% of cellulose by weight of the dry matter. The plant growth medium may be made using a tumbling bed conveyor, or a hammer mill to produce a particulate material of appropriate size to encourage root growth and retain water.

Description

TITLE: PLANT GROWTH MEDIUM The present invention relates to a plant growth medium, notably to one containing a cellulosic fibre and lignite.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION: Peat has been widely used as the sole or major component of a wide range of composts and other plant growth media.
However, stocks of peat are finite and diminishing. It has been proposed to use a number of materials as alternatives to peat, for example vegetable or mineral fibres. However, such materials suffer from a number of disadvantages. Thus, vegetable fibres usually undergo medium to rapid biological decomposition when wetted with water or plant nutrient solutions. This results in a change in the characteristics of the plant growth medium and a demand for nitrogen to sustain the bacterial growth as the decomposition takes place. It is therefore necessary to compost or mature such materials for some time before they can be used, and/or to provide substantial quantities of nitrogen in the growth medium to provide both the nutrients required for the growth of plants in the medium and to sustain the bacteria.The levels of nutrient required may initially be excessive for plants planted in the medium.
Where non-decomposable mineral fibres are used, these may not have the water retention and cation exchange properties usually desired for a plant growth medium. Furthermore, they are often expensive and present health hazards to a user by virtue of the nature of fibres present and, because they do not decompose in the soil, are ecologically unacceptable.
We have now devised a plant growth medium which reduces the above problems and provides a satisfactory alternative to peat for many plant growth uses.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Accordingly, the present invention provides a plant growth medium characterised in that it comprises a fibrous vegetable material in association with a lignite, the vegetable material being one which is decomposed slowly when exposed to bacteria.
The compositions of the invention contain lignite which reduces the pH of the composition to within desirable values for a plant growth medium, typically within the range 7.5 to 4.5; increases the cation exchange capacity of the composition; and enhances the resistance of the vegetable material to bacterial decomposition.
We have found that where vegetable fibrous materials are used which are rapidly decomposed by bacteria, the composition performs less adequately as a plant growth medium and excessive amounts of nitrogenous nutrients may be required. It is therefore preferred to use vegetable fibrous materials in which the carbon content is only slowly oxidised by bacterial decomposition. Thus, it is particularly preferred to use vegetable materials in which less than 10% by weight of the organic carbon content is oxidised to CO2 by bacterial action at ambient temperature and at a moisture content of between 40 and 60% by weight over a period of 80 days.It is also preferred that the vegetable fibres are high in lignin content, typically in excess of 60% lignin and low in cellulose, typically less than 15% cellulose, by weight of the dry matter, and that the majority of that cellulose be in a slowly oxidised form.
Typical of suitable vegetable fibre materials for present use are the husks and other fibrous components of seeds and fruit, for example rice husks, peanut husks, coconut fibre and cocoa bean hulls; and plant stems, for example sugar cane bagasse.
The vegetable fibres may be used in their uncomposted state or they may have been subjected to initial bacterial decomposition to reduce the extent of residual decomposition which can take place once they are incorporated into the compositions of the invention. Thus, coconut fibres can be used in either the raw state or after they have been composted or matured in a compost or other heap where initial bacterial decomposition has been carried out for a period of days or months at ambient temperature and moisture content. The term vegetable fibre is therefore used herein to denote both the raw as harvested material and partially composted forms thereof.
The vegetable fibre material can be used in a wide range of forms, for example as chopped or shredded materials as harvested, or as a by-product after some desirable ingredient, for example sugar or the seeds content, has been extracted from the material.
The compositions of the invention contain a lignite in addition to the vegetable fibres. Lignite is an organic material derived from the prolonged decomposition of plant matter and differs from peat in that it has a higher carbon:oxygen ratio, typically 3:1 as compared to about 1.5:1 for peat. Lignite is commercially available in a number of forms, for example as brown coal or as a coproduct from the mining of china, ball or other clays, and may contain up to about 30% of mineral residues, for example kaolinite or illite. Typically, the lignite for present use will have a cation exchange capacity in excess of 25 meq/100 mls, notably about 30 meq/100 mls.
The lignite can be used in any suitable form, but is preferably used in the form of the crushed residue obtained from the winning of china and ball clays, which contains at least 50% by weight of lignin and less than 5% of cellulose, based on the dry matter weight. If desired, the lignite can be subjected to a pre-washing or other pre-treatment to remove plant physiologically undesirable materials and to render it suitable for use in a plant growth medium.
The compositions of the invention can be made by any suitable method which incorporates the lignite substantially uniformly and in intimate admixture with the vegetable fibres. Thus, crushed water washed brown coal can be fed by a belt, screw auger or other means onto a tumbling bed of the vegetable fibres in a rotary drum or similar mixer.
Alternatively, the materials can be comminuted together, for example in a hammer mill, to give a particulate material which contains the lignite and fibre materials intimately mixed with one another. This mixture can be fed to another mixing device for further mixing and/or for the incorporation of other ingredients.
It is preferred that the components of the mixture have particle sizes as measured in accordance with the test method described in BS 4156:1990 as follows: 0% of the cumulative mass retained on a lOmm screen; up to 50% of the cumulative mass retained on a 5 mm screen; up to 90% of the cumulative mass retained on a 1 mm screen.
The compositions of the invention can contain a wide range of proportions of the lignite and vegetable fibres depending upon the properties required of the compositions. However, it is preferred that the lignite be present in from 20 to 80% by volume, the vegetable fibres in from 20 to 50% by volume, and other ingredients in from 0 to 30% by volume of the mixture. Since the compositions of the invention are designed as alternatives to peat, it is preferred that they are substantially free from peat.
The compositions may contain merely the lignite and the vegetable fibres. However, it is preferred that the compositions contain plant nutrients, wetting agents and other bulking or inert diluent materials to enhance the properties of the composition, for example the wettability, water absorption and/or water retention properties of the composition or the cation exchange capacity of the composition. Thus, it will usually be preferred that the compositions contain from 0.1 to 20 Kgs per cubic metre of the composition of one or more conventional plant nutrients, which may be in sustained or delayed release form, for example as coated fertilizer granules or as urea formaldehyde particles. The bulking or inert fillers may be vermiculite, perlite, gravel, sand, clay, pumice, expanded or calcined aggregates, zeolites or mineral or rock wool or fibres as commonly used in the horticultural field to aid drainage or other properties of plant growth media.
The other ingredients can be incorporated into the compositions of the invention in any suitable manner, for example by spraying aqueous solutions of plant nutrients onto the lignite or vegetable fibres as they are mixed together to form the composition or by feeding the other ingredients to the device in which the lignite and vegetable fibres are admixed.
The compositions of the invention can be put up in any suitable form, for example as particulate mixtures of the ingredients, suitable for use as a friable free flowing plant growth medium. However, it is within the scope of the invention to put the compositions up in special forms for specific end uses. Thus, the compositions can be compressed, optionally in the presence of a binder such as a cellulose derivative, to form pellets, plant pots or flat planks which can be used as the growth medium in growing bags. If desired, the compositions of the invention can be subjected to suitable post treatments, for example extra drying, to render them suitable for such specific end uses.
The compositions of the invention find use as alternatives to peat in the growth of a wide range of plants. Since the composition can be made from materials whose composition can be accurately controlled and which can be readily sterilized, many of the problems associated with the weed content or the variable nature of peat can be reduced.

Claims (1)

  1. Claims
    1 A plant growth medium characterised in that in comprises a fibrous vegetable material in association with lignite, the vegetable material being one which is decomposed slowly when exposed to bacteria.
    2 A plant growth medium as claimed in claim 1 in which the pH value of the composition lays within the range 7.5 to 4.5.
    3 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which less than 10% by weight of the organic carbon content of the vegetable material is oxidized to carbon dioxide by bacterial action at ambient temperature and a moisture content of between 40 and 60% by weight, over a period of eighty days.
    4 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material is high in lignin content and low in cellulose content.
    5 A plant growth medium as claimed in claim 4 in which the lignin content is greater than 60%, and the cellulose content is less than 15%, by weight of the dry fibrous vegetable material.
    6 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material includes husks of one or more of the following materials: rice husks; peanut husks; coconut fibre; and cocoa bean hulls.
    8 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material includes the fibrous components or fruit or plant stems.
    9 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material when mixed with the lignite is already partially decomposed as a result of bacterial decomposition.
    10 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material is chopped or shredded before being mixed with the lignite.
    11 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the lignite consists of one or more of the following materials: brown coal; kaolinite; or iolite.
    12 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the lignite is obtained from the crushed residue of the winnings from China and Ball clays and coal.
    13 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the mixture of any fibrous vegetable material and lignite has a particle size within the following specification: 0% of accumulative mass retained on a 10mm screen; up to 50% of accumulative mass retained on a 5mm screen; up to 90% of accumulative mass retained on a lmm screen.
    14 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the percentage of lignite within the plant growth medium lays between 20% to 80% by volume.
    15 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the vegetable fibres within the plant growth medium lay within the range from 20% to 50% by volume.
    16 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which ingredients other than lignite and fibrous material lay within the range from 0% to 30% by volume of the plant growth medium.
    17 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims .including one or more of the following additives: plant nutrients; wetting agents; or bulking inert diluent material.
    18 A plant growth medium as claimed in claim 17 in which the inert bulking diluent material includes one or more of the following fillers: vermiculite; perlite; gravel; sand; clay; pumice; expanded or calcined aggregates; zeolite; or rock wool.
    19 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims including a sustained or delayed released nutrient material within 0.1 to 20 Kgs per cubic metre of the plant growth medium.
    20 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the materials are sterilised prior to mixing.
    21 A plant growth medium substantially as hereinbefore described.
    Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1 A plant growth medium characterised in that it comprises a fibrous vegetable material in association with lignite, the vegetable material being one which is decomposed slowly when exposed to bacteria.
    2 A plant growth medium as claimed in claim 1 in which the Ph value of the composition lays within the range 7.5 to 4.5.
    3 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which less than 10% by weight of the organic carbon content of the vegetable material is oxidized to carbon dioxide by bacterial action at ambient temperature and a moisture content of between 40 and 60% by weight, over a period of eighty days.
    4 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claim in which the lignin content is greater than 60%, and the cellulose content is less than 15%, by weight of the dry fibrous vegetable material.
    5 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material includes husks of one or more of the following materials: rice husks; peanut husks; coconut fibre; and cocoa bean hulls.
    6 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material includes the fibrous components or fruit or plant stems.
    7 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material when mixed with the lignite is already partially decomposed as a result of bacterial decomposition.
    8 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the fibrous vegetable material is chopped or shredded before being mixed with the lignite.
    9 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the lignite consists of one or more of the following materials: brown coal; kaolinite; or iotite.
    10 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the lignite is obtained from the crushed residue of the winnings from china or ball clays and coal.
    11 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the mixture of any fibrous vegetable material and lignite has a particle size within the following specification: 0% of accumulative mass retained on a 10mm screen; up to 50% of accumulative mass retained on a 5mm screen; up to 90% of accumulative mass retained on a lam screen.
    12 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the percentage of lignite within the plant growth medium lays between 20% to 80% by volume.
    13 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the vegetable fibres within the plant growth medium lay within the range from 20% to 50% by volume.
    14 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which ingredients other than lignite and fibrous material lay within the range from 0% to 30% by volume of the plant growth medium.
    15 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims including one or more of the following additives: plant nutrients; wetting agents; or bulking inert diluent material.
    16 A plant growth medium as claimed in claim 15 in which the inert bulking diluent material includes one or more of the following fillers: vermiculite; perlite; gravel; sand; clay; pumice; expanded or calcined aggregates; zeolite; or rock wool.
    17 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims including a sustained or delayed released nutrient material within 0.1 to 20 Kgs per cubic metre of the plant growth medium.
    18 A plant growth medium as claimed in any preceding claims in which the materials are sterilised prior to mixing.
    19 A plant growth medium substantially as hereinbefore described.
GB9200151A 1991-01-07 1992-01-06 Plant growth medium Expired - Lifetime GB2252553B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919100276A GB9100276D0 (en) 1991-01-07 1991-01-07 Plant growth medium

Publications (3)

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GB9200151D0 GB9200151D0 (en) 1992-02-26
GB2252553A true GB2252553A (en) 1992-08-12
GB2252553B GB2252553B (en) 1994-07-27

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GB919100276A Pending GB9100276D0 (en) 1991-01-07 1991-01-07 Plant growth medium
GB9200151A Expired - Lifetime GB2252553B (en) 1991-01-07 1992-01-06 Plant growth medium

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB919100276A Pending GB9100276D0 (en) 1991-01-07 1991-01-07 Plant growth medium

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722058A1 (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-12 Cp Jardin Coconut fibre-based growing medium
EP0700883A1 (en) * 1994-09-07 1996-03-13 AKTUAL BAUTEILE UND UMWELTSCHUTZSYSTEME GmbH & Co. KG Triable vegetation supporting soil substrate, process for its production and its use
EP0849243A2 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-24 Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association Plant growth product
AU712824B3 (en) * 1998-09-04 1999-11-18 Super Soil International Limited A growth medium
US6219968B1 (en) * 1997-09-19 2001-04-24 Pro Flora Gmbh Growing body for plants especially for plant seedlings
WO2001046087A2 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Innovation Pro Terra Gmbh & Co. Kg Fertilizer, ion exchanger and method for the production thereof
WO2006100065A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 A. H. Meyer Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Nonwoven, fabric or bundle comprising or consisting of lignite fibres
CN100560541C (en) * 2007-02-16 2009-11-18 北京林业大学 A kind of Culture Substrate of Cyclamen of utilizing the preparation of coconut palm chaff
CN103483073A (en) * 2013-09-14 2014-01-01 青岛深蓝肥业有限公司 Special compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer for peanuts and production method thereof
CN103483042A (en) * 2013-09-14 2014-01-01 青岛深蓝肥业有限公司 Nitrogen fixation straw fermented fertile special for peanuts and method for producing same
ES2438340A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Ispemar S.C.A Procedure of cultivation in soil using coconut fiber (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
EP3014985A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-04 CARBOHORT Spólka z o.o. Substrate for soilless cultivation of plants
EP3351107A1 (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-25 Agrotecnologias Naturales, S.L. Method for reducing plant water stress

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2237012A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-04-24 Richard John Cleeve Growing medium

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2237012A (en) * 1989-10-05 1991-04-24 Richard John Cleeve Growing medium

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722058A1 (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-01-12 Cp Jardin Coconut fibre-based growing medium
EP0700883A1 (en) * 1994-09-07 1996-03-13 AKTUAL BAUTEILE UND UMWELTSCHUTZSYSTEME GmbH & Co. KG Triable vegetation supporting soil substrate, process for its production and its use
AU688078B2 (en) * 1994-09-07 1998-03-05 Aktual Bauteile Und Umweltschutz-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg Pourable vegetation soil substrate, process for the production thereof and the use thereof
EP0849243A2 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-06-24 Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association Plant growth product
EP0849243A3 (en) * 1996-12-17 1998-12-16 Campden & Chorleywood Food Research Association Plant growth product
US6219968B1 (en) * 1997-09-19 2001-04-24 Pro Flora Gmbh Growing body for plants especially for plant seedlings
AU712824B3 (en) * 1998-09-04 1999-11-18 Super Soil International Limited A growth medium
WO2001046087A2 (en) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Innovation Pro Terra Gmbh & Co. Kg Fertilizer, ion exchanger and method for the production thereof
WO2001046087A3 (en) * 1999-12-22 2002-02-14 Innovation Pro Terra Gmbh & Co Fertilizer, ion exchanger and method for the production thereof
EP2468935A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2012-06-27 A. H. Meyer Maschinenfabrik GmbH Non-woven fabric, tissue, fascine comprising or consisting of lignit fibrous material
WO2006100065A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 A. H. Meyer Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Nonwoven, fabric or bundle comprising or consisting of lignite fibres
CN100560541C (en) * 2007-02-16 2009-11-18 北京林业大学 A kind of Culture Substrate of Cyclamen of utilizing the preparation of coconut palm chaff
ES2438340A1 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Ispemar S.C.A Procedure of cultivation in soil using coconut fiber (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
CN103483073A (en) * 2013-09-14 2014-01-01 青岛深蓝肥业有限公司 Special compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer for peanuts and production method thereof
CN103483042A (en) * 2013-09-14 2014-01-01 青岛深蓝肥业有限公司 Nitrogen fixation straw fermented fertile special for peanuts and method for producing same
CN103483073B (en) * 2013-09-14 2015-01-07 青岛深蓝肥业有限公司 Special compound microorganism bacterial fertilizer for peanuts and production method thereof
EP3014985A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-04 CARBOHORT Spólka z o.o. Substrate for soilless cultivation of plants
EP3351107A1 (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-25 Agrotecnologias Naturales, S.L. Method for reducing plant water stress
WO2018134465A1 (en) * 2017-01-20 2018-07-26 Agrotecnologias Naturales, S.L. Method for reducing water stress in plants
US10961454B2 (en) 2017-01-20 2021-03-30 Agrotecnologias Naturales S.L. Method for reducing water stress in plants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2252553B (en) 1994-07-27
GB9200151D0 (en) 1992-02-26
GB9100276D0 (en) 1991-02-20

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732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
732E Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977)
PE20 Patent expired after termination of 20 years

Expiry date: 20120105