GB2252260A - Method for filtration of biological material - Google Patents
Method for filtration of biological material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2252260A GB2252260A GB9100965A GB9100965A GB2252260A GB 2252260 A GB2252260 A GB 2252260A GB 9100965 A GB9100965 A GB 9100965A GB 9100965 A GB9100965 A GB 9100965A GB 2252260 A GB2252260 A GB 2252260A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- gel
- layer
- aqueous
- filtration
- biological material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000890 antigenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000606161 Chlamydia Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000988 Lysostaphin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003527 eukaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/243—Dialysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/24—Dialysis ; Membrane extraction
- B01D61/28—Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
Abstract
Aqueous suspension of biological material containing high and low molecular weight molecules, possibly in solution, and other cell debris are filtered by contacting the suspension with one surface of a layer of an aqueous gel and allowing material to diffuse through the gel to be collected in a collecting medium in contact with the opposite surface of the layer of aqueous gel. The aqueous gel is preferably an agar gel but other aqueous gels particularly from polysaccharide gums can also be used.
Description
ME19DD FOR FILTRAIICN OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL This invention relates to a method of filtering biological material and more especially to a method for separating antigenic material or other low molecular weight molecules from larger molecules such as DNA molecules and other bacterial cell debris resulting from cell disruption.
The method of the invention is applicable to filtration of, for example, viruses, infected cell extracts and disrupted bacterial chlamydia, yeasts, protozoa and eukaryotic cell products.
According to the invention an aqueous suspension containing high and low molecular weight molecules, possibly in solution, and other cell debris is filtered by contacting the suspension with one surface of a layer of an aqueous gel and allowing the material to diffuse through the gel to be collected in a collecting medium in contact with the opposite surface of the layer of aqueous gel.
The aqueous gel is preferably an agar gel but other aqueous gels particularly from polysaccharide gums can also be used.
The gel layer will normally need to be supported on a mesh or screen allowing free passage of the diffusate. The gel layer may, for example be formed as a layer on a mesh or screen forming the bottom of a filtration vessel. Preferably, however, in order to provide a larger surface for filtration, the gel layer itself defines the shape of the filtration vessel and is supported on a corrspondingly shaped mesh or screen. The gel may, for example, be formed as a part spherical layer, for example a hemisperical layer. The gel layer is mounted within a collecting vessel containing the collecting medium. The collecting medium will normally be a liquid such as water although other liquids may be used depending on the nature of the diffusate and collecting media other than liquids maybe appropriate for certain types of diffusate.
The whole apparatus will normally be sealed to prevent contamination.
The method of the invention can be used for example, for filtration of antigenic material from organic solvent treated bacterial cells obtained as described in copending GB Patent
Application No. 8906794 filed 23rd March 1989 or from lysostaphin treated bacterial cells as described in copending
GB Patent Application No. 8806795 filed 23rd March 1989.
The method of the invention has considerable advantage over conventional filtration methods in that it allows filtration of suspensions that contain high concentrations of bacterial debris that would clog the pores of a conventional filter, for example a millipore filter, where it would be necessary to carry out a preliminary separation of a large part of the cell debris . Moreover, while millipore filters allow the passage of at least some DNA molecules the method of the invention provides a filtrate that is substantially free from all but the smaller DNA fragments.The method of the invention has the further advantage that it allows better preservation and separation of the filtrate by avoiding the shearing action involved in pressurised filtration through millipore filters which can break longer molecules into smaller fragments that may pass through the filter.
The method, when operated on a batch basis, also allows separation of the diffusate into different molecular weight fragments because of the different rates of diffusion of different sized molecules through the gel. The method also allows collection of the biological material directly into a stabilising medium such as an adjuvant which is very advantageous when the material is, for example, the molabile or other wise unstable in its pure form.
The method of the invention can be operated on a continuous basis by continuously replenishing the suspension above the gel layer and continuously removing the diffusate from below the gel layer while replenishing the collecting liquid.
One form of apparatus for carrying out the invention is shown in the single figure of the drawing.
The apparatus comprises a layer 1 of agar gel supported on a hemispherical screen 2. The screen 2 with gel layer 1 is supported within a hemispherical collecting vessel 3 with a space 4 for collecting liquid 5 between the wall of the vessel 3 and screen 2.
The screen has peripheral flange 6 in sealing contact with the edges of the collecting vessel 3 to prevent contamination within the collecting vessel and the whole apparatus is sealed by a cover (not shown) to prevent contamination of the material being filtered.
Claims (12)
1. A method for filtration of an aqueous suspension of biological material containing high and low molecular weight molecules and other cell debris which comprises contacting the suspension with one surface of a layer of an aqueous gel and allowing a desired fraction of the material to diffuse through the gel to be collected in a collecting medium in contact with the opposite surface of the layer of aqueous gel.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the gel is a gel from a polysaccharide gum.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the aqueous gel is an agar gel.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the gel layer is supported on a mesh or screen allowing free passage of the diffusate.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the gel layer is formed as a layer on a mesh or screen forming the bottom of a filtration vessel.
6. A method according to claim 4, wherein the gel layer defines the shape of filtration vessel and is supported on a correspondingly shaped mesh or screen.
7. A method according to claim 6 wherein the gel layer is formed as a part spherical layer.
8. A method according to claim 7 wherein the gel layer is formed as hemispherical layer.
9. A method according to claim any one of claims 1 to wherein the collecting medium is water.
10. A method according to claim 1, substantially as described herein with respect to the drawing.
11. Apparatus for use in filtering biological material substantially as described.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11 substantially as described herein with reference to the drawing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9100965A GB2252260A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Method for filtration of biological material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9100965A GB2252260A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Method for filtration of biological material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9100965D0 GB9100965D0 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
| GB2252260A true GB2252260A (en) | 1992-08-05 |
Family
ID=10688547
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9100965A Withdrawn GB2252260A (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Method for filtration of biological material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2252260A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994010336A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-11 | Elias Hakalehto | A method and an apparatus for detecting cells |
| WO1996004067A1 (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-02-15 | Fsm Technologies Ltd. | Membrane filter unit |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1188183A (en) * | 1966-04-26 | 1970-04-15 | Amicon Corp | Permeable Membrane and Method of Making and Using the Same |
| GB1420082A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1976-01-07 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Filter membrane |
| GB1595982A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1981-08-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Semipermeable membrane and method of making the same |
| EP0048110A2 (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-03-24 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Selective retention with composite materials |
| GB2224668A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1990-05-16 | Domnick Hunter Filters Ltd | Filter |
-
1991
- 1991-01-16 GB GB9100965A patent/GB2252260A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1188183A (en) * | 1966-04-26 | 1970-04-15 | Amicon Corp | Permeable Membrane and Method of Making and Using the Same |
| GB1420082A (en) * | 1971-12-28 | 1976-01-07 | Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh | Filter membrane |
| GB1595982A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1981-08-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Semipermeable membrane and method of making the same |
| EP0048110A2 (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1982-03-24 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Selective retention with composite materials |
| GB2224668A (en) * | 1988-11-09 | 1990-05-16 | Domnick Hunter Filters Ltd | Filter |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1994010336A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-11 | Elias Hakalehto | A method and an apparatus for detecting cells |
| GB2286245A (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1995-08-09 | Elias Hakalehto | A method and an apparatus for detecting cells |
| WO1996004067A1 (en) * | 1994-08-02 | 1996-02-15 | Fsm Technologies Ltd. | Membrane filter unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9100965D0 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |