GB2248672A - Thermal control materials - Google Patents
Thermal control materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2248672A GB2248672A GB9119895A GB9119895A GB2248672A GB 2248672 A GB2248672 A GB 2248672A GB 9119895 A GB9119895 A GB 9119895A GB 9119895 A GB9119895 A GB 9119895A GB 2248672 A GB2248672 A GB 2248672A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- construction
- thermal control
- control material
- layer
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000295 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000134 Metallised film Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003223 poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
- B32B7/09—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means by stitching, needling or sewing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/32—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed at least two layers being foamed and next to each other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/05—Interconnection of layers the layers not being connected over the whole surface, e.g. discontinuous connection or patterned connection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
- B32B7/14—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties applied in spaced arrangements, e.g. in stripes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/028—Composition or method of fixing a thermally insulating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
- B32B2255/102—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer synthetic resin or rubber layer being a foamed layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
- B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/022—Foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2311/00—Metals, their alloys or their compounds
- B32B2311/24—Aluminium
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7691—Heat reflecting layers or coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/24996—With internal element bridging layers, nonplanar interface between layers, or intermediate layer of commingled adjacent foam layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31544—Addition polymer is perhalogenated
Description
THERMAL CONTROL MATERIALS This invention relates to thermal control
materials and constructions and, more particularly, to shape-conformable lightweight thermal control constructions.
Many types of equipment, instruments apparatus structures and structure surfaces used for examnle in industrial and communication system environments are adversely affected by temperature extremes and sudden variations in temperature which are commonplace in such environments. To ensure their proper operation these devices should be kept at uniform temperatures within siDecified temDerature limits.
There are various ways known to accomplish such temperature control, for example, by using auxiliary equipment to control temperatures inside equipment and instrument enclosures or within the structures housing the devices. These, however, suffer the drawbacks of excessive bulkiness, weight and energy usage and are undesirable for applications where space, load carrying ability and available energy are limited.
An alternative method to control heat transfer to and from surfaces and enclosures is the use of high efficiency thermal control materials. These have the advantages of relatively low bulkiness, light weight and no energy usage. Such thermal control materials are normally 1.
- 2 applied closely to the surfaces and structures which they are to control.
Commonly used thermal control materials are Kapton (trademark) polyimide and polyolefin plastic films with metallized surfaces that are formed into multilayer constructions. Between layers of the plastic films is typically placed an open porous spacer material such as a light fabric or nonwoven scrim to prevent contact of the film layers. The multilayer construction is then placed as closely as possible to the surface or structures and attached to them. Such constructions, although light and strong, have disadvantages such as poor drapability, conformability and tear strength and are difficult to use excent on smooth regular surfaces.
It can be seen then that the multilayer construction should be suf-JE4ciently strong, tough and flexible to withstand the rigours of assembly and use without appreciable deterioration in integrity and performance. It should also be highly conformable and easily shaped in order to be closely attached to irregularly shaped surfaces and structures without damage. it is often verv important that the construction be ultra lightweight, for example, for use in aerospace applications.
The construction must also be capable of reducing all three modes of heat transfer; conduction, convection and radiation in order to minimize heat transfer to and from the structures it is attached to. Additionally, the 3 construction may also be required to be electrically conductive in three dimensions in order for it to be used as a path to conduct electrostatic charges to a common ground.
Kurz US patent 4232620 discloses a thermal insulation material made up of alternating layers of nylon mesh and polyethylene film which are stitched together.
Manniso US patent 4557957 discloses coating porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a metal such as copper, cobalt, silver, gold, platinum or rhodium by electroplating in conjunction with electroless plating. '"he object is to provide inter-pore metal coatings which encapsulate both interior and exterior surfaces of the porous PTFE whilst maintaining its microporosity. The metal therefore does not just lie on one surface of the PTFE but lies throughout the porous structure.
The present Invention provides a thermal control material which is a layered construction comprising at least two layers, each layer being made of microporous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which has been metallised on one of its surfaces to provide a thin metal -film, the layers of the construction being arranged so that the metallised surface of one layer is adjacent to the untreated surface of the adjacent layer. The layered construction may have two or more layers and the layers may be joined together at intervals over the areal extent of the construction to provide structural integrity.
1 The metal film may be vacuum deposited aluminium.
By virtue of the present invention heat transfer by conduction is reduced first by the inherent low thermal conductivity of porous expanded polytetrafluorethylene and secondly by the structure of the porous polytetrafluoroethylene substrate layer which provides a tortuous continuous path of polytetrafluoroethylene fromone side to the other which is much longer than the thickness of the layer.
Also, heat transfer by convection is low, due to the small pores, tortuousity and high pore volume of the structure of the porous polytetrafluorcethylene layer. The PTFE structure which may have a pore volume as high as 90%, preferably 80% (and particularly 70%) serves as baffles to air currents and resists influence by external air movement thus effectively creating dead air space which is a good insulator. In vacuum and other low pressure applications there is little or no air within the mores so heat transfer by convection is virtually nil.
Heat transfer by radiation is reduced by the good absorption and emissivity characteristics of the metallized porous polytetrafluorethylene material and can be further reduced by increasing the number of layers cfthe construction. A further advantage which is imparted by the irregular surface finish of the metallised porous polytetrafluoroethylene material is that reflectance from the surface is diffuse rather than specular thus reducing - 5 inadvertent focusing of incident radiant energy to a spot where it could cause damage.
This invention also provides a novel material with excellent drape characteristics which permit it to closely follow and be snugly attached to irregular contours and shapes if desired, thus minimizing bulkiness and space occupancy. Additionally, it is sufficiently strong and tough to be stretched over surface irregularities for the purpose of streamlining or concealing surface irreg-ularities.
The layered construction provides a material that is sufficiently tough and resistant to tearing that it can be easily handled and can be readily attached to other devices by mechanical means such as screws, rivets, staples and the like or by adhesives such as polyurethane adhesives, or epoxy adhesives The multilayer construction is also ultra lightweight each layer being only abouz half the weight of a layer of the known Kapton constructIon. The porous polytetrafluoroethylene layers have very low bulk density due to the porosity of the material. The layers, being porous, also provide the same function as the porous spacer materials used in conventional multilayer constructions and, as a result, do not require that additional spacer materials be interposed between the layers. The layers may be joined together by stitching or by localised adhesive bonding and in either case the - 6 joint may be electrically conductive so that all of the metallised films of the construction are electrically interconnected at intervals over the areal extent of the construction.
For example, the layers could be stitched using a thread containing electrically conductive carbon in order to disperse static electricity.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is an exploded cross-section view of a multilayered construction of thermal control material, with the layers joined by spot stitching; and Fig. 2 is a top view of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
First, porous polytetrafluoroethlyene film or substrate 10 is metallized on one surface to provide a metal film 11 by means well known in the art, including vapor deposition, sputter coating, electroless- and electrochemical deposition and the like in order to provide a thermal control material 9. The metal film 1. is deposited so as to be a surface coating on substrate 10 with minimal penetration into the pores of the substrate 10. The preferred film 10 is porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene made in accordance with U.S. Patent 4,187,390 and U.S. Patent 3,956,566. The preferred metal for the metallisation is aluminum, however, for applications for which aluminum is unsuited, - 7 other metals and materials with the required properties may be used, for example, noble metals, ferromagnetic metal, refractory metals, conductive oxides and the like.
Metallizing is used herein to mean the application of metal 11 to the porous polytetrafluoroethylene surface at least to a thickness such that the surface characteristics of the Tdetallised material are associated with those of the applied metal. The preferred thickness range is 1000 to 2000 Angstroms but, depending on the end use, more or less may be used. When coating 11 is of vacuum deposited aluminium to a thickness of 1000 Angstroms the coating 11 is stable and oxidation thereof is minimised. The coating 11 has a dull appearance due to the irregular sur.4ace finish imposed on it by the porous film 10.
The material 9 is arranged in layers, with the metallized surface 11 facing the untreated surface of the next layer in order to form a multilayered construction 8. The number of layers used in the construction 8 is at least two, but can be as many as twenty or more depending on the insulation value required by an application. The layers, once arranged, are joined together to form a handleable construction 8 which has structural integrity and can be cut to specific end-use shapes and applied to surfaces without loss of proper alignment of the various layers. It is inDortant that joining the layers be done in such a manner that the heat transfer characteristics of the composition be influenced as little as possible. A p 4 - 8 preferred method to accomplish this is to joint the layers at widely spaced discrete spots by discontinuous means using low thermal conductivity materials, for example, by local stitching with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene thread 12 or with an adhesive dot, for example, of Thermogrip Brand hot melt adhesive. Spacing of the joints is typically at four inch to twelve inch (10-30 cm) intervals but may be more or less depending on the stresses to which the composition will be subjected.
Electrical conductivity to remove electrostatic charges is provided in a surface plane of each layer by the metal coating 11 applied to one surface of the porous polytetrafluoroethylene film 10. When interlayer electrical conductivity to remove electrostatic charges is required electrically conductive joint materials, for example, threads of carbon fibres are used to join the layers and provide an electrically conductive path through the composition 8.
F - 9
Claims (5)
1. A thermal control material which is a layered construction comprising at least two layers; each layer being made of porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which has been metallised on one of its surfaces to provide a thin film, and said layers being arranged such that the metallized surface of one layer is adjacent to the untreated surface of the adjacent layer.
2. A thermal control material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layers are joined together at intervals over the areal extent of the construction by discontinuous stitching.
3. A thermal control material as claimed in clain or 2, wherein the layers are joined together at intervals over the areal extent of the construction by an electrically conductive material so that the respective metal films of the construction are electrically interconnected at intervals over the areal extent of the construction.
4. A thermal control material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the layers are joined together at intervals over the areal extent of the construction by adhesive.
5. A thermal control material as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the metallised film is vacuum deposited aluminium having a thickness of at least 1000 Angstroms.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB909020428A GB9020428D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Thermal control materials |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9119895D0 GB9119895D0 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
GB2248672A true GB2248672A (en) | 1992-04-15 |
GB2248672B GB2248672B (en) | 1994-03-30 |
Family
ID=10682419
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB909020428A Pending GB9020428D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Thermal control materials |
GB919119437A Pending GB9119437D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-09-12 | Thermal control materials |
GB9119895A Revoked GB2248672B (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-09-18 | Thermal control materials |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB909020428A Pending GB9020428D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1990-09-19 | Thermal control materials |
GB919119437A Pending GB9119437D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 | 1991-09-12 | Thermal control materials |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5227230A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0477015B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2999600B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69128583T2 (en) |
GB (3) | GB9020428D0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6319599B1 (en) * | 1992-07-14 | 2001-11-20 | Theresa M. Buckley | Phase change thermal control materials, method and apparatus |
CA2140627C (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1999-11-30 | Gregory D. Culler | Electrically conductive thermal shield materials |
US5356697A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1994-10-18 | Jonas William P | Synthetic wood-sign substitute |
US5591034A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1997-01-07 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Thermally conductive adhesive interface |
US5545473A (en) * | 1994-02-14 | 1996-08-13 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Thermally conductive interface |
US5652055A (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1997-07-29 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Matched low dielectric constant, dimensionally stable adhesive sheet |
US5498467A (en) * | 1994-07-26 | 1996-03-12 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Process for preparing selectively conductive materials by electroless metal deposition and product made therefrom |
US5738936A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-04-14 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Thermally conductive polytetrafluoroethylene article |
US5981614A (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 1999-11-09 | Adiletta; Joseph G. | Hydrophobic-oleophobic fluoropolymer compositions |
US5731073A (en) * | 1996-10-01 | 1998-03-24 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Reusable, selectively conductive, Z-axis, elastomeric composite substrate |
DE19935518A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Compound part with stacked layers has opening in one conductor layer near connecting wire to prevent conductors in different layers from coming into direct and/or indirect electrical contact |
US6599850B1 (en) * | 2000-02-10 | 2003-07-29 | Raphael Heifetz | Flexible reflective insulating structures |
US20020086599A1 (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2002-07-04 | Mcnally William Francis | Method for enhancing insulation materials |
US20050118915A1 (en) * | 2001-02-09 | 2005-06-02 | Raphael Heifetz | Flexible reflective insulating structures |
US7155210B2 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2006-12-26 | Ncr Corporation | System and method for short-range wireless retail advertising aimed at short-range wireless protocol-enabled personal devices |
US6869661B1 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2005-03-22 | David D. Ahr | Flexible radiant barrier |
US7436669B2 (en) * | 2005-05-11 | 2008-10-14 | Sung-Po Huang | 3D multi-layer heat conduction diffusion plate |
US20090111345A1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Dattatreya Panse | Thermally protective materials |
US20090110919A1 (en) * | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Dattatreya Panse | Burn protective materials |
US10364527B2 (en) | 2007-10-24 | 2019-07-30 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Burn protective materials |
CN102007065B (en) * | 2008-04-14 | 2014-11-05 | 自动阻碍控制器股份有限公司 | Pot-type heated fluid dispenser |
CN100564986C (en) * | 2008-05-22 | 2009-12-02 | 上海交通大学 | The making method of high vacuum multiple layer heat insulation quilt |
TWM373127U (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2010-02-01 | Liang-Yang Lin | disassembleable warm-keeping clothing set formed of solar nano-carbon balls composite material |
US10945877B2 (en) | 2016-10-10 | 2021-03-16 | 6343326 Manitoba Ltd. | Thermoregulating gelpack |
US11535017B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2022-12-27 | W. L. Gore & Associates Gmbh | Dielectric composite with reinforced elastomer and integrate electrode |
JP6862289B2 (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2021-04-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Multi-layer insulation |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4557957A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1985-12-10 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Microporous metal-plated polytetrafluoroethylene articles and method of manufacture |
US4640866A (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1987-02-03 | Junkosha Company Ltd. | Printed circuit board |
US4911771A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-03-27 | Junkosha Co., Ltd. | Laminated printed circuit board and process for its manufacture |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2786792A (en) * | 1953-05-06 | 1957-03-26 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Method of making polytetrafluoro-ethylene articles |
US4096227A (en) * | 1973-07-03 | 1978-06-20 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Process for producing filled porous PTFE products |
US4230057A (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1980-10-28 | Milton Kurz | Thermal insulating material |
US4232620A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-11-11 | Milton Kurz | Thermal insulating material |
EP0109167B1 (en) * | 1982-10-12 | 1987-05-06 | Theodore Duncan Smith | Metallised fabric |
JPS60181289A (en) * | 1984-02-27 | 1985-09-14 | Japan Goatetsukusu Kk | Material for gas diffusible electrode |
JPS60214942A (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1985-10-28 | 株式会社 潤工社 | Oriented porous ethylene tetrafluoride resin body difficult to be deformed by compression |
JPS60225750A (en) * | 1984-04-24 | 1985-11-11 | 株式会社 潤工社 | Printed substrate |
JPH0246061Y2 (en) * | 1986-03-17 | 1990-12-05 | ||
JPS6390890A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1988-04-21 | 株式会社 潤工社 | Printed board |
-
1990
- 1990-09-19 GB GB909020428A patent/GB9020428D0/en active Pending
-
1991
- 1991-09-12 GB GB919119437A patent/GB9119437D0/en active Pending
- 1991-09-18 GB GB9119895A patent/GB2248672B/en not_active Revoked
- 1991-09-19 JP JP3239047A patent/JP2999600B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-19 EP EP91308558A patent/EP0477015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-19 US US07/762,294 patent/US5227230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-19 DE DE69128583T patent/DE69128583T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4557957A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1985-12-10 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Microporous metal-plated polytetrafluoroethylene articles and method of manufacture |
US4640866A (en) * | 1984-04-10 | 1987-02-03 | Junkosha Company Ltd. | Printed circuit board |
US4911771A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-03-27 | Junkosha Co., Ltd. | Laminated printed circuit board and process for its manufacture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0477015A2 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
GB9119895D0 (en) | 1991-10-30 |
DE69128583D1 (en) | 1998-02-12 |
GB9119437D0 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
DE69128583T2 (en) | 1998-07-30 |
EP0477015A3 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
US5227230A (en) | 1993-07-13 |
GB2248672B (en) | 1994-03-30 |
EP0477015B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
GB9020428D0 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
JP2999600B2 (en) | 2000-01-17 |
JPH04279329A (en) | 1992-10-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
773K | Patent revoked under sect. 73(2)/1977 |