GB2243235A - Fingerprint sensor - Google Patents

Fingerprint sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2243235A
GB2243235A GB9108409A GB9108409A GB2243235A GB 2243235 A GB2243235 A GB 2243235A GB 9108409 A GB9108409 A GB 9108409A GB 9108409 A GB9108409 A GB 9108409A GB 2243235 A GB2243235 A GB 2243235A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fingerprint
fingerprint sensor
sensor
data
electrical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9108409A
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GB9108409D0 (en
GB2243235B (en
Inventor
William Leslie Ross
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of GB9108409D0 publication Critical patent/GB9108409D0/en
Publication of GB2243235A publication Critical patent/GB2243235A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2243235B publication Critical patent/GB2243235B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0716—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor
    • G06K19/0718—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising a sensor or an interface to a sensor the sensor being of the biometric kind, e.g. fingerprint sensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
    • G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
    • G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
    • G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
    • G06V40/13—Sensors therefor
    • G06V40/1306—Sensors therefor non-optical, e.g. ultrasonic or capacitive sensing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
    • G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
    • G07C9/26—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition using a biometric sensor integrated in the pass

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Image Input (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

A compact solid-state sensor faithfully reproduces the fingerprint pattern on contact. The resulting record may be retained in either magnetic or electrical form. A unique 'template' is generated containing the essential features of the fingerprint. The data may be further compressed into two bytes which can be encrypted and used to control transactions or access. The sensor may be used encapsulated within a credit card or a keyboard or used as a stand-alone control at a point of sale. A plastics sheet a carries metal platelets e which selectively interconnect row and column electrodes when a finger presses on the sheet a. <IMAGE>

Description

FINGERPRINT SENSOR.
This invention relates to a fingerprint recording apparatus and in particular to apparatus in which the representations of the human fingerprint are faithfully reproduced in the form of electrical or magnetic sianals which are then recorded in relation to the positions from which thev are generated.
In the first application a thin plastic sheet. upon which platelets of metal have been deposited: is placed above a matrix construction of fine conductors.Current is applied to either the rows or columns of the matrix and connection between the rows and columns takes place when a platelet is caused to bridae the gap (see Fig 1) between the contact pads.
This occurs on contact with a human finaer when the plastic sheet is deformed bv the ridaes of skin forming the 'finaerprint' pattern.The resulting electrical signal is then latched into a shift reaister from where it may be stored or manipulated bv a microprocesor.
In the second (preferred) application the platelets deDosited upon the underside of the plastic sheet comprise a resin containina ferrous oxide (or thev may be made from perma lov or other easily maanetisable material).When the thin plastic sheet is placed on a flat surface (glass) and subiected to a uniform magnetic field. aenerated by an electromaanet held at a discrete distance from the surface of the platelets whilst a fingertip is pressed upon it,(See FIG 3) the platelets become magnetised only where the ridges of skin forming the 'fingerprint' pattern have made contact with the thin plastic sheet.Thls aenerates a pattern of maanetic poles witbn n the platelets representative of the fingerprint in which form it may be read by an electromagnetic recording head (see FIG 3) and subsequently manipulated bv a microprocessor Alternatively the magnetic 'imaae' may be transferred or induced into the upper lavers of a magnetic 'bubble memorv'usina an induction coil (SEE FIG 4).Bubble memories are well understood and have been in production for manv vears and the status of magnetic domains within the magnetic carnet is easy to determine using existina technoloav. The main direction of polarisation of the magnetic garnet is vertically downwards and the memorv is non volatile. Thus the fingerprint input may be easilv transferred. digitised automatically and stored in a form readily available for manipulation.
In an other configuration the patterned metal coating shown in FIG 1 may be replaced by polyvinylidene difluoride which is a piezoelectric film. When used to bridge the gap between the contact pads as in FIG 1. an electrical signal is generated by the material as a result of the applied pressure of the finger upon the sensor. Distortion of the piezoelectric crystals within coatina the may be caused by faltering the topography of the sensor in order to optimise the output from the crystal. or alternatively: the platelet may be fixed to the contact pads in a Drestresed form (see FIG !.Its subsequent deflector sunder imposed load aeneratinv a :.
In a15 other respect the sensor construction substantially the same.
rl. yet an@ther configuration the platelets may be coated with poly(sulphur nitride). Poly(silver nitride) is a pressure sensitive polymer which may be used to coat a semiconducting platelet. Under the combined action of applied pressure and distortion of the platelet as in FIG 5 above the poly(sulphur nitride coating may be used as a switch or barrier. allowing the flow of current to be controlled at the sensor contact pad.In order to optimise the order of signal generated the 'bridge' of plastic is designed to be at or close to its crippling load (see EULER's theory of struts) so that mechanical movement of the 'bridge" takes place on contact.his condition applies to both confiauratior.-- where piezo-electrical and Poly(silver nitride are used.
Fingerprint records were first introduced in the United Kingdom in 1901. Usina ink. an impression of the fingerprint ridge pattern was recorded on paper. Comparison of two fingerprint samples was then made visually . In 1978 Weastein and Rafferty in a study for the FBI showed that rapid matching of fingerprint impressions could be carried out by locating the ending and bifurcations of the ridges which comprise the fingerprint pattern.The proceedure changed little until recently when a number of sources expressed an interest in Automatic Fingerprint Recognition svstems.Most systems relv on optical methods: making use of an imaae presented cr. the face of transparent material which is subsequently scanned and then recorded.Most of the systems reduced to practice have been slow cumbersome and expensive. Additionally because of the nature of technoloaies used the recorded impressions lack quality of detail which complicates the process of positive identification Three dimensional studies of the fingerprint profile reveals that the amplitude or distance between the tip of a ridge and the bottom of a trouah is typically about 12 microns and the pitch from ridge to ridge typically 400 microns. For this reason a sensor of the tvDe described herein must have a cell resolution of 100 microns or greater and be capable of switchina within a distance of 6 microns.
According to the present invention a means of recording fingerprint data is provided with the construction shown in FIG 1. A verv thin sheet of polyethelene terphthate (FIG la) which has been coated with metal platelets is held separated from a riaid substrate (FIG 1b) which supports a series of fine conducting electrodes (FIG lc).When a human finger is pressed onto the plastic sheet it deforms (see FIG 2) and the plastic sheet faithfully reproduces the physical form of an impinged fingerprlnt.( This phenomenon only occurs when the thickness of the sheet is less than 5 microns and the metal coatIng iess than ICC: :. Angstrom Units.) In vet another configuration the platelets may be coated with polv(sulphur nitride). Poly(silver nitride) is a pressure sensitive polymer which may be used to coat a semiconductina platelet.Under the combined action of applied pressure and distortion of the platelet as in FIG 5 above the polv(sulphur nitride coating may be used as a switch or barrier: allowing the flow of current to be controlled at the sensor contact pad.In order to optimise the order of signal generated the 'bridae' of plastic is designed to be at or close to it crippling load (see EULER's theorv of struts) 50 that mechanical movement of the 'bridge' takes place on contact.This condition applies to both configurations where piezo-electrical and Poly(silver nitride are used.
Fingerprint records were first introduced in the United Kingdom in 1901. Using ink. an impression of the fingerprint ridae pattern was recorded on paper. Comparison of two fingerprint samples was then made visuallv . In 1978 Wegstein and Rafwerty in a study for the FBI showed that rapid match inc of fingerprint impressions could be carried out bv locatina the ending and bifurcations of the ridges which comprise the fingerprint pattern.The proceedure changed little until recently when a number of sources expressed an interest in Automatic Fingerprint Recognition systems.Most systems rely on optical methods. making use of an imaae presented on the face of transparent material which is subsequently scanned and then recorded.Most t the systems raced to practice have bee slow,. cumbersome arid expensive. Additionally because of tho nature of technologies used the recorded impressions lack duality of detail wic complicates the process of positive identification Three dimensional studies of the fingerprint profile reveals that the amplitude or distance between the tip of a ridge and the bottom of a trough is typically about 12 microns and the pitch from ridge to ridge typically 400 microns.For this reason a sensor of the type described herein must have a cell resolution of 100 microns or greater and be capable of switching within a distance of 6 microns.
Accordina to the present invention a means of recording fingerprint data is provided with the construction shown in FIG 1. A verv thin sheet of polyethelene terphthate (FIG la) which ha been coated with metal platelets is held separated from a riaid substrate (FIG lb) which supports a series of fine conducting electrodes (FIG lc) When a human finger is pressed onto the plastic sheet it deforms (see FIG 2) and the plastic sheet faithfully reproduces the physical form of an impinged fingerprint.( This phenomenon only occurs when the thickness of the sheet is less than 5 microns ar.u the metal coating 1035 than 1000 Angstrom Units.) The distortion causes metallised platelets on the surface surface of the plastic sheet to be brought into contact with contact Dads directly under the the ridges causing an electrical current to flow. The electrode is connected to the input port of a shift register (FIG 6f) causing its status to alter.The agate or latch of the shift reaister generates a 'high' (1) or a 'low' (0) depending upon whether contact has been made between the metallised film and the electrodes.This chanae in status is monitored by a microcontroller (Fia 6a) which is linked to a computer (not shown).In this manner: a detailed map of the fingerprint ridge Dattern may be constructed musing a '1' for ride presence and a 'C' fr contact.
A typical small sample array is shown in FIG 7 and if a matrix is constructed as in FIG 4: where the plastic film (FIG 7a, has a patterned metal coating and the substrate (FIG 7b) supports two metal lavers of conductors (FIG 7c) comprising the matrix a highly detailed 'map' may be constructed of the fingerprint ridae Dattern. In particular,. the main features of a fingerprint known as 'minutiae' can be located. Thee features comprise ridae ending (FIG 8) and ridae bifurcations (Fia 9) and may be located within the matrix by examination of the data stream obtained from the shift reaisters.
A diaarammatic reDresentation of a finaerDr,nt is shown in FIG 10 and the 'minutiae' encircled These have been extracted and produced in their relative positions in FIG 11 to form a template or constellation. The fourteen unique bits of data may be stored on terms of their x-y co-ordinates or In terms of their distance from a datum, which is the centriod cr eDicentre of the constellation thus considerablv reducing the amount of data which needs to be stored and at the same time reducina the time required to make comparisons of fingerprints. Further::it also eliminates problems created by translational and rotational movements of the finaer within the sampling matrix during data caDture.
If both a positive and a negative of the fingerprint are produced and overplayed so that their contours coincide then the combined Dicture is 'blacked out'. If however one picture is shifted one ridge Ditch with resDect to the other and then added the combined picture reveals a missmatch where the 'minutae' occur. The records may be shifted one ridae pitch in the vertical (Y) and horizontal (X) directions and subtracted from each other to vield a 'constellation' . In digital terms this process is the same as the exclusive-or process in an exclusive-or gate where onlv the difference between two data tream is saved when thcv are added together.
The position of the 'minutae' may be automatically determined when the above aDDaratus is constructed as in FIG 12 where the output from the latches is applied to two shift reaisters which effect discrete delays in the data streams.
The shift register output is the EXCLUSIVE-OR ADDER in sequence to generate the configuration of minutae or 'constellation' depicted in FIG ll.Further data processing reduces this 'constellation' to the co-ordinates of eac 'star' and its angular relationship to the epicentre of the 'constellation.As well as storing this information in tulle memory of a microprocessor the data can be translated i.t code and written onto the maanetic strip of a credit card.
The design for handling the electronic signals generated bv the sensor may be employed in all of the applications described above whence compact device amv be constructed capable of interrogating its user on contact with the fingertip.
The sensor is compact and inexpensive. It can be constructed usina thin film techniques on a flexible substrate and may be built into a credit card or act as a stand-alone device where it can be used as a means of access control.

Claims (1)

  1. CLAIMS:
    1. A fingerprint sensor which may be encapsulated within a credit card to ovive positive identification of its user within a short timescale.
    2 A finaerprint sensor which automatically processes the result of an input reducing the data to 32 bits.
    3 A fingerprint sensor in which the position and orientation of the subiect input is not predefined.
    4 A fingerprint sensor which provides a permanent record in either electrical or magnetic form.
    5 A finaerprint-sensor which is constructed in the manner described in FIG 6 which makes use of platelets supported by a flexible plastic sheet impinging upon a matrix of fine conductors.
    6 A fingerprint sensor in which the data is generated by piezoelectric crystals.
    7 A fingerprint sensor in which the data generated is controlled by polv(sulphur nitride) electrodes.
    8 A fingerprint sensor in which the fingerprint inDut is translated into electrical impulses or maanetic poles.
    9 A fingerprint sensor in which the electrical or magnetic record generated is manipulated to vield a template in the form of a constellation representina the position of the minutae or features within a fingerprint.
    10 A fingerprint sensor in which the sensing element is a prestressed beam at or near its crippling load..
GB9108409A 1990-04-20 1991-04-19 Fingerprint sensor Expired - Fee Related GB2243235B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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GB909008918A GB9008918D0 (en) 1990-04-20 1990-04-20 Finger print sensor/digitizer

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GB9108409D0 GB9108409D0 (en) 1991-06-05
GB2243235A true GB2243235A (en) 1991-10-23
GB2243235B GB2243235B (en) 1994-11-23

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GB9108409A Expired - Fee Related GB2243235B (en) 1990-04-20 1991-04-19 Fingerprint sensor

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Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994025938A1 (en) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-10 Personal Biometric Encoders Limited Fingerprint sensor
FR2736179A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-03 Thomson Csf Semiconducteurs Access authorisation based on finger print recognition
AT405218B (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-06-25 Siemens Ag Oesterreich IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH ELECTRONIC CHIP CARD
EP0562292B1 (en) * 1992-02-26 2000-05-03 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Remote transmission contactless chip card
FR2803675A1 (en) * 2000-01-11 2001-07-13 Sagem CHIP CARD WITH FINGERPRINT SENSOR
WO2001088837A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-11-22 Fidelica Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure sensing
WO2003017194A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-02-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Semiconductor circuit arrangement with a biometric sensor and evaluation unit
US6695206B2 (en) 1996-01-09 2004-02-24 Personal Biometric Encoders Ltd. Identification system displaying a user image at a remote location
EP1498838A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 Identification Systems DERMALOG GmbH Method for automatic verification of a person's identity and biometric identity document for use in the method
US6937226B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-08-30 Fujitsu Component Limited Input device and pointer control method
WO2005086102A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Cardlab Aps A credit card and a secured data activation system
WO2005091300A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Printed magnetic rom - mprom
GB2418283A (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-22 Personal Biometric Encoders Lt Array of switches having triangular electrodes
GB2418284A (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-22 Personal Biometric Encoders Lt Switch array having first electrode enclosed by second electrode
WO2006032884A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-30 Personal Biometric Encoders Limited Switches for fingerprint sensing
US7316167B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2008-01-08 Fidelica, Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for protection of contour sensing devices
EP2278564A1 (en) 2005-09-08 2011-01-26 Cardlab ApS A dynamic transaction card and a method of writing information to the same
US9235698B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2016-01-12 Cylon Global Technology Inc. Data encryption and smartcard storing encrypted data
US9330511B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2016-05-03 Cylon Global Technology Inc. Apparatus and methods for identity verification
EP3035230A1 (en) 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 Cardlab ApS A method and an assembly for generating a magnetic field
US20160292491A1 (en) * 2015-04-06 2016-10-06 Identification International, Inc. Systems and methods for capturing images using a pressure sensitive membrane
US9600755B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2017-03-21 Cardlab Aps Card, an assembly, a method of assembling the card and a method of outputting information
US9697449B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2017-07-04 Cardlab Aps Card with an offset field generator
US10095968B2 (en) 2014-12-19 2018-10-09 Cardlabs Aps Method and an assembly for generating a magnetic field and a method of manufacturing an assembly
US10558901B2 (en) 2015-04-17 2020-02-11 Cardlab Aps Device for outputting a magnetic field and a method of outputting a magnetic field
US10740902B2 (en) 2016-10-14 2020-08-11 Identification International, Inc. System and method for identifying features of a friction ridge signature based on information representing a topography of friction ridges

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EP0044489A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Finger-print sensor
US4577345A (en) * 1984-04-05 1986-03-18 Igor Abramov Fingerprint sensor
WO1987002491A1 (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-23 Victor Campbell Blackwell Personal identification device

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US3781855A (en) * 1970-03-13 1973-12-25 Identification Systems Inc Fingerprint identification system and method
GB1410288A (en) * 1973-03-28 1975-10-15 Kobayashi H Apparatus for eliminating noise or discontinuities in a group of curves
EP0044489A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Finger-print sensor
US4577345A (en) * 1984-04-05 1986-03-18 Igor Abramov Fingerprint sensor
WO1987002491A1 (en) * 1985-10-11 1987-04-23 Victor Campbell Blackwell Personal identification device

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0562292B1 (en) * 1992-02-26 2000-05-03 Angewandte Digital Elektronik GmbH Remote transmission contactless chip card
AU679741B2 (en) * 1993-04-27 1997-07-10 Personal Biometric Encoders Limited Fingerprint sensor
WO1994025938A1 (en) * 1993-04-27 1994-11-10 Personal Biometric Encoders Limited Fingerprint sensor
FR2736179A1 (en) * 1995-06-27 1997-01-03 Thomson Csf Semiconducteurs Access authorisation based on finger print recognition
AT405218B (en) * 1995-12-21 1999-06-25 Siemens Ag Oesterreich IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH ELECTRONIC CHIP CARD
US6695206B2 (en) 1996-01-09 2004-02-24 Personal Biometric Encoders Ltd. Identification system displaying a user image at a remote location
FR2803675A1 (en) * 2000-01-11 2001-07-13 Sagem CHIP CARD WITH FINGERPRINT SENSOR
US6494380B2 (en) 2000-01-11 2002-12-17 Sagem Sa IC card having fingerprint sensor designed to withstand bending
US7437953B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2008-10-21 Deconde Keith T Method and apparatus for protection of contour sensing devices
US6578436B1 (en) 2000-05-16 2003-06-17 Fidelica Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure sensing
US6829950B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2004-12-14 Fidelica Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure sensing
WO2001088837A1 (en) * 2000-05-16 2001-11-22 Fidelica Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for pressure sensing
US7316167B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2008-01-08 Fidelica, Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for protection of contour sensing devices
US7638350B2 (en) 2000-05-16 2009-12-29 Springworks Llc Fingerprint sensors using membrane switch arrays
WO2003017194A1 (en) * 2001-08-17 2003-02-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Semiconductor circuit arrangement with a biometric sensor and evaluation unit
US6937226B2 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-08-30 Fujitsu Component Limited Input device and pointer control method
EP1498838A1 (en) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 Identification Systems DERMALOG GmbH Method for automatic verification of a person's identity and biometric identity document for use in the method
US7681232B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2010-03-16 Cardlab Aps Credit card and a secured data activation system
EP2290625A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2011-03-02 Cardlab ApS A credit card
WO2005086102A1 (en) * 2004-03-08 2005-09-15 Cardlab Aps A credit card and a secured data activation system
CN100573606C (en) * 2004-03-08 2009-12-23 卡德赖博私人有限公司 Credit card and secured data activation system
WO2005091300A1 (en) * 2004-03-12 2005-09-29 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Printed magnetic rom - mprom
GB2418284A (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-22 Personal Biometric Encoders Lt Switch array having first electrode enclosed by second electrode
GB2418283A (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-22 Personal Biometric Encoders Lt Array of switches having triangular electrodes
WO2006032884A1 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-30 Personal Biometric Encoders Limited Switches for fingerprint sensing
EP2278564A1 (en) 2005-09-08 2011-01-26 Cardlab ApS A dynamic transaction card and a method of writing information to the same
US9600755B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2017-03-21 Cardlab Aps Card, an assembly, a method of assembling the card and a method of outputting information
US10068165B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2018-09-04 Cardlab Aps Card, an assembly, a method of assembling the card and a method of outputting information
US9697449B2 (en) 2013-04-12 2017-07-04 Cardlab Aps Card with an offset field generator
US9330511B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2016-05-03 Cylon Global Technology Inc. Apparatus and methods for identity verification
US9704312B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2017-07-11 Cylon Global Technology Inc. Apparatus and methods for identity verification
US9235698B2 (en) 2013-08-30 2016-01-12 Cylon Global Technology Inc. Data encryption and smartcard storing encrypted data
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GB2243235B (en) 1994-11-23
GB9008918D0 (en) 1990-06-20

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