GB2237646A - Pressure transducer for submerged items of petroleum exploration and exploitation equipment - Google Patents
Pressure transducer for submerged items of petroleum exploration and exploitation equipment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2237646A GB2237646A GB9023320A GB9023320A GB2237646A GB 2237646 A GB2237646 A GB 2237646A GB 9023320 A GB9023320 A GB 9023320A GB 9023320 A GB9023320 A GB 9023320A GB 2237646 A GB2237646 A GB 2237646A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- pressure transducer
- diaphragm
- sensor
- isolating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004507 Abies alba Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/001—Survey of boreholes or wells for underwater installation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
- G01L19/14—Housings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L9/00—Measuring steady of quasi-steady pressure of fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements; Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material, by electric or magnetic means
- G01L9/0041—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms
- G01L9/0072—Transmitting or indicating the displacement of flexible diaphragms using variations in capacitance
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The transducer comprises a protective pressure resistant casing 1, a capacitative sensing element 4, an interface to an electrical connection 2, a pressure interface to the fluid to be measured 3 and an electronic processing circuit 5. Sensor diaphragm 12 moves between fixed electrodes 17 under the influence of an internal fluid which is isolated from the fluid to be measured and the interior of the sensor by isolating diaphragms adjacent inlets 13, 15. The casing is constructed to contain any leakage of petroleum. <IMAGE>
Description
PRESSURE TRANSDUCER FOR SUBMERGED ITEMS OF PETROLEUM
EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION EOUIPHENT Pressure transducers are items of equipment which convert the pressure value of a fluid into a suitable form (electrical signal for example) for transmission, monitoring, recording or simply visualisation of this information. They are used in virtually all areas of knowledge such as, for example, space, industry, medicine, etc.
The application of pressure transducers in the areas of petroleum exploration and exploitation is wide. They have been used at the well bottom, at the well head (Christmas tree), in submarine production manifolds and on the actual platform. The pressure information has been used to survey the capacity of deposits, to estimate and maximise the working life of the wells, to plan the application of artificial petroleum exploration mechanisms, to estimate future production, etc.
This invention is concerned with pressure transducers for submerged items of petroleum exploration and exploitation equipment, such as
Christmas trees, submarine production manifolds, 'templates', etc.
Pressure transducers used in submerged items of petroleum exploration and exploitation equipment are subjected to fairly unfavourable environmental conditions. They are submerged in salt water, at depths which may exceed 1,000 metres of head of water and at an ambient temperature varying seasonally, with latitude and with the depth and conditions of installation. The process fluid, normally composed of petroleum, gas and water, whose pressure it is desired to monitor, may be at above 1000C. The conditions of installation make maintenance procedures for these transducers in the field difficult if not impossible.
Maintenance procedures normally require use of divers or remotely operated vehicles when production is not interrupted. Therefore, stability over time and accuracy are essential parameters for a good pressure transducer in this type of application.
The transducers which have traditionally been used employ pressure sensor elements (such as strain gauges, for example), which, although advantageous because of their small size, are defective in terms of reliability and, principally, stability over time of measurement.
An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure transducer for use with a submerged item of petroleum exploration or exploitation equipment which is more stable over time and more accurate than the above-mentioned traditional transducers.
In broad terms the invention meets this object by employing a capacitive sensor element. Capacitive sensor elements may have great stability over time, and may permit the manufacture of pressure transducers for this type of application, with high reliability and low maintenance costs.
The invention includes a pressure transducer for use with a submerged item of petroleum exploration or exploitation equipment, comprising a protective casing provided with a pressure interface and an electrical interface and accommodating a sensor element of the capacitive type and an electronic circuit for conditioning a signal from the sensor element.
The sensor element may comprise a cell having a high pressure inlet connected to said pressure interface and a low pressure inlet connected to the interior space of the casing, a sensor diaphragm disposed in said cell and deflectable therein in response to a pressure differential thereacross caused by the pressures at said inlets, deflection of said diaphragm altering the capacitive value of said sensor element.
Preferably an isolating diaphragm is positioned in said cell for being subjected to the pressure at said high pressure inlet and isolating said sensor diaphragm for the fluid media thereat.
Advantageously, a further isolating diaphragm may be positioned in said cell for being subjected to the pressure at the low pressure inlet and isolating said sensor diaphragm from the fluid media thereat. In this case the cell may contain a fluid through which the isolating diaphragms transmit the pressures at the pressure inlets to the sensor diaphragm.
The sensor element may be an electrode of a capacitive device. In this case the sensor element may be disposed between two fixed electrodes of said capacitive device.
Electrically conducting wiring may be used for interconnecting said capacitive device to said electronic circuit.
The casing of the transducer is preferably constructed to contain any leakage of petroleum therein.
In order that the invention may be well understood, an embodiment thereof, which is given by way of example only, will now be described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic longitudinal crosssection of a pressure transducer for use with a submerged item of petroleum exploration or exploitation equipment;
Figure 2 is a cross-section taken along the line
A-A in Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows the transducer with a mount therefor; and
Figure 4 shows the transducer with an alternative form of pressure interface which also mounts the transducer.
The illustrated transducer comprises a casing 1, an interface 2 to an electrical interconnection system, an interface 3 to the fluid whose pressure is to be measured, a capacitive sensor element 4 and an electronic circuit 5 which conditions a signal from the sensor element.
The casing 1 is formed by a metal body which protects the internal elements from water and from the pressure of the external medium. It mechanically supports the interface 2 to the electrical interconnection system and the interface 3 to the pressure contact. It may optionally be constructed with a sacrificial anode 6 for preventing corrosion of the casing itself. It may optionally be constructed in order to contain the leakage of petroleum to the ambient medium in the event of internal explosion due to failure in the sensor 4 or in the hydraulic connection 9 to the capacitive sensor element.
The interface 2 to the electrical interconnection system enables (a) the capacitive sensor element 4 and the electronic circuit 5 which conditions the signal to be fed with external electrical energy, and (b) a standard signal, containing information on the pressure being monitored, to be transmitted by the electrical interconnection system.
The interface 3 to the fluid whose pressure is to be measured comprises a metal body which, as shown in
Figures 3 and 4 may have various forms in accordance with the specific requirements of each item of submarine equipment whose pressure is being monitored.
The interface 3 comprises a hydraulic connection 7 to the submarine item of equipment, a hydraulic line 8 for transmission of the pressure and a hydraulic connection 9 to the capacitive sensor element 4.
The capacitive sensor element 4 comprises two flanges, or walls 10 which demarcate a capacitive cell 11 on opposed sides thereof. The cell has a high pressure inlet 13 connected to the connection 9 to the pressure interface 3 and a low pressure inlet connected to the interior space of the casing 14. In the centre of the cell 11 is the sensor diaphragm 12.
This diaphragm 12 has the function of deflecting in response to the difference in the pressures on the high pressure side and on the low pressure side thereof. These pressures are applied directly to respective isolating diaphragms adjacent the pressure inlets 13,14,15. In turn the isolating diaphragms transmit the pressures to the sensor diaphragms 12 via a filling fluid 16, causing the deflection of the sensor diaphragm.
The sensor diaphragm 12 is a movable electrode and is disposed between two metallised surfaces 17 which are fixed electrodes. The amount of deflection of the sensor diaphragm 12 is ascertained via the variation in the capacitance between the two fixed electrodes and the movable electrode; and, by means of electrical wires 18, the deflection is recorded and transmitted to an electronic circuit board 5 which conditions the signal.
The electronic circus which conditions the signal 5 measures the capacitance of the sensor element 4. This capacitance is conditioned in the form of a standard electrical signal which contains the pressure information. The standard electrical signal is transmitted via the interface to the electrical interconnection system.
Figure 3 shows the transducer provided with a mount comprising two saddle members 20,22 which cooperate to circumscribe the casing and which are clamped together at opposed flanges 24,26 by means (not shown), the saddle member 22 being provided with an extension 28 and mounting base 30.
An alternative mount is shown in Figure 4 and comprises a flanged extension 32 of the pressure interface 3 which is connectable to a mating flange (not shown) of the item of submerged equipment by threaded fasteners schematically illustrated by centre lines 34.
In summary, the pressure transducer described above is an assembly which permits the remote monitoring of the pressure of petroleum in submerged items of exploration and exploitation equipment. The pressure 'value' is converted into an electrical signal via the capacitive sensor element. As capacitive pressure sensors have great stability over time, there is a drastic reduction in the frequency of submarine operations for the maintenance or replacement of these transducers, as well as greater reliability in pressure measurements. The electrical signal, produced by the capacitive sensor is conditioned, via an electronic circuit, to a suitable standard signal.
Claims (10)
1. A pressure transducer for use with a submerged item of petroleum exploration or exploitation equipment, comprising a protective casing provided with a pressure interface and an electrical interface and accommodating a sensor element of the capacitive type and an electronic circuit for conditioning a signal from the sensor element.
2. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor element comprises a cell having a high pressure inlet connected to said pressure interface and a low pressure inlet connected to the interior space of the casing, a sensor diaphragm disposed in said cell and deflectable therein in response to a pressure differential thereacross caused by the pressures at said inlets, deflection of said diaphragm altering the capacitive value of said sensor element.
3. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 2, wherein an isolating diaphragm is positioned in said cell for being subjected to the pressure at said high pressure inlet and isolating said sensor diaphragm from the fluid media thereat.
4. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 3, wherein a further isolating diaphragm is positioned in said cell for being subjected to the pressure at the low pressure inlet and isolating said sensor diaphragm from the fluid media thereat.
5. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cell contains a fluid through which the isolating diaphragms transmit the pressures at the pressure inlets to the sensor diaphragm.
6. A pressure transducer as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the sensor diaphragm is an electrode of a capacitive device.
7. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 6, wherein said sensor diaphragm is disposed between two fixed electrodes of said capacitive device.
8. A pressure transducer as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein electrically conducting wiring interconnects said capacitive device to said electronic circuit.
9. A pressure transducer as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in that the casing is constructed to contain any leakage of petroleum therein.
10. A pressure transducer substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 or 1 and 2 as modified by Figure 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR898905638A BR8905638A (en) | 1989-10-30 | 1989-10-30 | PRESSURE TRANSDUCER FOR UNDERGROUND OIL EXPLORATION AND EXPORT EQUIPMENT |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9023320D0 GB9023320D0 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
GB2237646A true GB2237646A (en) | 1991-05-08 |
GB2237646B GB2237646B (en) | 1994-07-06 |
Family
ID=4048269
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9023320A Expired - Fee Related GB2237646B (en) | 1989-10-30 | 1990-10-26 | Pressure transducer for submerging items of petroleum exploration and exploitation equipment |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BR (1) | BR8905638A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2653881A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2237646B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1244067B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2607617A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Well assembly |
US11339645B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | Merlin Technology, Inc. | Sonde with integral pressure sensor and method |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0210015A2 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-28 | Rosemount Inc. | Pressure transmitter and housing therefor |
GB2183844A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1987-06-10 | Kavlico Corp | High-pressure capacitive transducer |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3800413A (en) * | 1969-10-27 | 1974-04-02 | Rosemount Inc | Differential pressure transducer |
JPS56102445U (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1981-08-11 | ||
US4875368A (en) * | 1987-09-08 | 1989-10-24 | Panex Corporation | Pressure sensor system |
-
1989
- 1989-10-30 BR BR898905638A patent/BR8905638A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-10-24 IT IT02185090A patent/IT1244067B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-10-26 GB GB9023320A patent/GB2237646B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-10-29 FR FR9013358A patent/FR2653881A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0210015A2 (en) * | 1985-07-15 | 1987-01-28 | Rosemount Inc. | Pressure transmitter and housing therefor |
GB2183844A (en) * | 1985-12-10 | 1987-06-10 | Kavlico Corp | High-pressure capacitive transducer |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11339645B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2022-05-24 | Merlin Technology, Inc. | Sonde with integral pressure sensor and method |
US11598200B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2023-03-07 | Merlin Technology, Inc. | Sonde with integral pressure sensor and method |
EP3575548B1 (en) * | 2011-03-24 | 2023-09-13 | Merlin Technology Inc. | Sonde with integral pressure sensor and method |
US12000265B2 (en) | 2011-03-24 | 2024-06-04 | Merlin Technology, Inc. | Sonde with integral pressure sensor and method |
EP2607617A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Well assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2653881A1 (en) | 1991-05-03 |
IT9021850A1 (en) | 1992-04-24 |
IT1244067B (en) | 1994-07-05 |
IT9021850A0 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
BR8905638A (en) | 1991-04-30 |
GB9023320D0 (en) | 1990-12-05 |
GB2237646B (en) | 1994-07-06 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991026 |