GB2232133A - Trailer with interconnected steerable axles - Google Patents
Trailer with interconnected steerable axles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2232133A GB2232133A GB8909024A GB8909024A GB2232133A GB 2232133 A GB2232133 A GB 2232133A GB 8909024 A GB8909024 A GB 8909024A GB 8909024 A GB8909024 A GB 8909024A GB 2232133 A GB2232133 A GB 2232133A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- trailer
- wheels
- turntable
- hauling member
- steered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D63/00—Motor vehicles or trailers not otherwise provided for
- B62D63/06—Trailers
- B62D63/068—Trailers with more than two axles or more than four wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D13/00—Steering specially adapted for trailers
- B62D13/02—Steering specially adapted for trailers for centrally-pivoted axles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D7/00—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings
- B62D7/06—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins
- B62D7/14—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering
- B62D7/142—Steering linkage; Stub axles or their mountings for individually-pivoted wheels, e.g. on king-pins the pivotal axes being situated in more than one plane transverse to the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle, e.g. all-wheel steering specially adapted for particular vehicles, e.g. tractors, carts, earth-moving vehicles, trucks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
Abstract
Turntables (21) are provided at the front and rear parts of frame (1) of the trailer, each having an axle (28) on whose ends wheels (29, 29, 30, 30) on which axles are rotatably mounted. A hauling member, e.g. draw bar (16) is mounted rotatably at the front part of the frame (1) and is linked to the front and rear turntables (21) by a plurality of steering rods (33, 36, 39) so that the rear wheels (30) will follow the tracks of the front wheels (29). The trailers may be formed into a train (Fig. 6) in which the second and successive trailers follow closely the track of the first. <IMAGE>
Description
TRAILER
This invention relates to a trailer used in harbor loading and unloading which carries large containers with high loading capacities.
Conventional trailers of this kind have a construction of so-called knuckle 4-wheel system as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model
Publication No. 48929/1983, in which wheels are rotatably mounted on each end of axles installed at the front and rear part of a body frame; in which a hauling member is mounted rotatably at the front and rear ends of the body frame; in which rotatable members linked to the front and rear hauling members are rotatably mounted at the front and rear part of the body frame; in which the front and rear rotatable members are linked, through a pair of laterally arranged steering rods, to the wheels; and in which front and rear control assemblies on each side--each of which consists of a rod and a dish spring to urge the front and rear hauling members toward the straight-forward direction at all times--are connected through rotating members to the inner ends of the hauling members.
For the above knuckle 4-wheel trailer, another construction is known in which, in stead of using the four control assemblies, a pair of flexible link members are cross-arranged between the front and rear rotatable members.
The trailers of the above constructions are of a knuckle 4-wheel system and therefore have many parts for the steering mechanism, making the construction complex and manufacture cost high.
When these trailers are hauled, especially at high speeds, the wheels tend to become unstable sending the rear part of the trailer rolling or vibrating sideways, making the high speed running virtually impossible from the standpoint of safety. Another drawback of such trailers is that they are not suited for carrying large containers with high load capacities.
This invention has been accomplished with a view to overcoming the above drawbacks. The primary object of the invention is to provide a trailer in which the front and rear wheels can be steered smoothly and reliably with a simple construction and have stable running performance so that the trailer can be hauled at high speeds without producing rolling and carry large containers with high load capacities. The invention is also intended to provide a trailer that achieves a significant cost reduction.
The trailer according to this invention comprises: a longitudinally extending body frame; turntables provided at the front and rear parts of the body frame, each having an axle on whose ends wheels are rotatably mounted at the lateral sides of the turntable; a hauling member mounted rotatably at the front part of the body frame; and a plurality of steering rods linked to the hauling member to steer, through the front and rear turntables, the front and rear wheels in such a way that the rear wheels will follow the tracks of the front wheels.
In the trailer of this invention, the connector of the hauling member is connected rotatably to a coupler of a tractor.
The coupler at the rear end of the first trailer is connected rotatably with the connector of the hauling member of a second trailer. The coupler at the rear end of the second trailer, as necessary, is connected rotatably with the connector of the hauling member of a third trailer. In this way, the tractor can be connected successively with a desired number of trailers.
As the tractor A moves straight ahead, the hauling member of the first trailer is pulled forwardly and not deflected sideways. As the hauling member is hauled straightforward, the front and rear wheels which are steered by a plurality of steering rods run straight, followed by the second and succeeding trailers which also move stably in a straight line.
Next, when the trailers are to be turned to one side, for example, to the left with respect to the direction of advance, the tractor is turned to the left about the center of an imaginary curvature of turn. Then the hauling member of the first trailer is turned by the tractor toward the turning direction of the tractor and slantly hauled at a specified angle with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn.
As the hauling member of the first trailer is turned, one of the steering rods is activated, rotating the front turntable, with the result that the front wheels on each side of the front turntable are slantly steered at a specified angle with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn.
When the front turntable is rotated, the other steering rods linked to the front turntable are activated, rotating the rear turntable in a direction opposite to that of the front turntable. At the same time, the wheels on each side of the rear turntable are steered in a direction opposite to that in which the front wheels were steered, and slantly at a specified angle with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn, with the rear wheels following the curved tracks of the front wheels.
In other words, as the hauling member of the first trailer is steered by the tractor toward a desired direction of turn, the front wheels and the rear wheels, both linked with the hauling member, are slantly steered at specified angles with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn while facing at a right angle, making the rear wheels follow the tracks of the front wheels.
When the first trailer is hauled in ways mentioned above, the hauling member of the second trailer is steered to the same direction as the hauling member of the first trailer. As a result, the front end of the hauling member of the second trailer is pulled to follow the curved track of the front end of the hauling member of the first trailer. As the hauling member of the second trailer is steered and pulled, the front and rear wheels of the second trailer are also steered, as with the steering operation of the first trailer, until they are tangential to the imaginary curvature of turn, with the rear wheels following the tracks of the front wheels. As the first trailer makes a turn about the center of the imaginary curvature, the second trailer also follows the track of the first trailer.In this way, when the multiple trailers hauled by the tractor turn to left, the second and successive trailers will follow the track of the first trailer without producing any deviation in radial distance to the internal wheels from the center of the imaginary curvature of turn nor making a zigzag turn.
Now, one embodiment of this invention will be described by referring to the attached drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan view of the trailer as one embodiment; Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a turntable with wheels; Figure 4 is a plan view of a steering mechanism of the trailer; Figure 5 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the wheels; and
Figure 6 is an explanatory view showing how the trailer is turned.
In Figure 1 and Figure 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a body frame, which consists of side frames 2 installed on each side and laterally spaced by a certain distance; a front frame 3 and a rear frame 4 mounted between the front ends and between the rear ends of the side frames 2, respectively; and a large number of support frames 5 arranged between the side frames 2 spaced by a certain distance in a longitudinal direction. Rigidly mounted on this body frame 1 are a hauling member mounting frame 6 near the inside of the front frame 3, a hauling member coupling frame 7 attached to the rear frame 4, and an arm mounting frame 8 at an intermediate portion of the side frames 2.
The body frame 1 also has a front wheel mounting frame 9 rigidly installed at the front part thereof and a rear wheel mounting frame 10 at the rear part.
At a specified position on the hauling member mounting frame 6, i.e., at an intermediate portion between the side frames 2, is securely installed a vertical shaft 11 to which a hauling member coupler 12 is attached so that it can be rotated centering around the shaft 11. The hauling member coupler 12 has a horizontally projecting connecting arm 13 formed integral with the front side thereof and a horizontally projecting link arm 14 formed integral with one of a right and left sides thereof. The base of the hauling member 16 is connected to the front end of the connecting arm 13 of the hauling member coupler 12 through a lateral shaft 15 so that the hauling member 16 is freely rotable about the shaft 15. A connector 17 is connected to the front end of the hauling member 16.
Connected to a laterally intermediate portion of the hauling member coupling frame 7 is a coupling 18, whose center is located on the same longitudinal line passing through the vertical shaft 11 of the hauling member coupler 12 at the front part of the frame body 1. The coupling 18 is detachably connected with the connector 17 of the hauling member 16.
At a laterally intermediate portion of the arm mounting frame 8 is rigidly secured a vertical shaft 19, on which the center of a laterally extending steering arm 20 is mounted freely rotatably. The vertical shaft 19 is fixed at a position on a line connecting the front vertical shaft 11 and the center of the coupling 18.
At each of lateral centers of the front wheel mounting frame 9 and the rear wheel mounting frame 10 is secured a stationary table 22 of a turntable 21, on which a rotating table 24 of the turntable 21 is mounted freely rotatably through a number of balls 23. A bracket 26 is secured, through a table acceptor 25, to the bottom of each side of the rotating table 24. Axle acceptors 27 are rigidly installed on the front brackets 26 and on the rear brackets 26. These pair of axle acceptors 27 each have a laterally extending axle 28 secured thereto. The front axle 28 has front wheels 29 rotatably mounted at its lateral ends and the rear axle 28 has rear wheels 30 rotatably mounted at the ends.
A link arm 31 is horizontally projected from and integrally formed with one side of the rotating table 24 of the front turntable 21. The link arm 31 has its outer end rotatably connected to the rear end of a first steering rod 33 through a link pin 32. The front end of the first steering rod 33 is rotatably connected to the outer end of the link arm 14 of the hauling member coupler 12 through a link pin 34. The link arm 31 of the rotating table 24 also has another link pin 35 near the outer end, through which the link arm 31 is rotatably connected to the front end of a second steering rod 36. The rear end of the second steering rod 36 is rotatably attached, through a link pin 37, to one of the lateral ends of the steering arm 20.
The other end of the steering arm 20 is totatably connected, through a link pin 38, to the front end of a third steering rod 39. The rear end of the third steering rod 39 is rotatably connected to the outer end of a link arm 40 through a link pin 41. The link arm 40 is horizontally projected from and formed integral with one side of the rotating table 24 of the rear turntable 21.
When the hauling member 16 is disposed straight ahead and not deflected sideways, the front wheels 29 and the rear wheels 30 are automatically steered forward by the first through third steering rods 33, 36, 39, which are linked to the hauling member 16. The above arrangement causes the rear wheels 30 to follow the tracks of the front wheels 29.
Now, the action of the above construction will be explained.
The connector 17 of the hauling member 16 of a first trailer is connected freely rotatably to a coupler B of a tractor A. The coupling 18 at the rear end of the first trailer is connected freely rotatably with the connector 17 of the hauling member 16 of a second trailer. The coupling 18 of the second trailer, as necessary, is connected freely rotatably with the connector 17 of the hauling member 16 of a third trailer. In this way, the coupler B of the tractor A can be connected successively with a desired number of trailers.
As the tractor A mvoes straight ahead, the hauling member 16 of the first trailer is pulled forwardly and not deflected sideways. As the hauling member 16 is hauled straightforward, the front and rear wheels 29, 3O, which are steered by the first to third steering rods 33, 36, 39, run straight, followed by the second and succeeding trailers which also move stably in a straight line.
Next, when the trailers are to be turned to one side, for example, to the left with respect to the direction of movement, the tractor A is turned to the left about the center of an imaginary curvature of turn. Then the hauling member 16 of the first trailer is turned by the coupler B of the tractor A about the vertical shaft 11 with the hauling member coupler 12 toward the turning direction of the tractor A with the hauling member 16 slantly hauled at a specified angle with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn.
As the hauling member 16 of the first trailer is turned, the link arm 14 of the hauling member coupler 12 is moved backward about the vertical shaft 11, pushing the first steering rod 33 backward.
The first steering rod 33 then causes the link arm 31 of the turntable 21 on the front wheel mounting frame 9 to be pushed backward, which in turn causes the rotating table 24 with the link arm 31 to rotate relative to the stationary table 22.
As a result, the front wheels 29 attached to each side of the turntable 24 are also turned at a specified angle with respect the center of the imaginary curvature of turn.
When the link arm 31 of the rotating table 24 is pushed backward to rotate the front wheels 29, it then pushes the second steering rod 36 backward, pushing back one end of the steering arm 20 on the arm mounting frame 8 with the result that the steering arm 20 is rotated about the vertical shaft 19. The rotation of the steering arm 20 causes the third steering rod 39 connected to the other end of the steering arm 20 to be pulled forward. This in turn pulls forwardly the link arm 40 of the turn table 21 on the rear wheel mounting frame 10, so that the rotating table 24 with the link arm 40 is rotated with respect to the stationary table 22. As a result, the rear wheels 30 attached to each side of the rotating table 24 are turned in a direction opposite to that of the front wheels 29 and slantly steered at a specified angle with respect to the center of the imaginary curvature of turn while running. The rear wheels 30 therefore trail the curved tracks of the front wheels 29.
In other words, as the hauling member 16 of the first trailer is steered by the tractor A toward a desired direction of turn, the front wheels 29 and the rear wheels 30, both linked with the hauling member 16, are steered so that they are tangential to the imaginary curvature of turn, with the rear wheels 30 following the curved tracks of the front wheels, producing no deviation in radial distance between the front and rear inside wheels.
When the first trailer is hauled in ways mentioned above, the hauling member 16 of the second trailer connected to the coupling 18 at the rear end of the first trailer is steered or turned in the same direction in which the hauling member 16 of the first trailer was steered. The front end of the hauling member 16 of the second trailer is pulled to follow the curved track of the front end of the hauling member 16 of the first trailer.
As the hauling member 16 of the second trailer is steered and pulled, the front wheels 29 and rear wheels 30 of the second trailer are also steered, as with the steering operation of the first trailer, until they are tangential to the imaginary curvature of turn, with the rear wheels 30 following the tracks of the front wheels 30. As the first trailer makes a turn about the center of the imaginary curvature, the second trailer also follows the track of the first trailer. In this way, when the multiple trailers hauled by the tractor A turn to left, the second and successive trailers will follow the track of the first trailer without producing any deviation in radial distance to the front and rear internal wheels from the center of the imaginary curvature of turn nor making a zigzag turn.
When series-connected multiple trailers makes a turn to the right, the steering of the front and rear wheels 29, 30 of each trailer is performed in a way similar to that when they made a turn to the left. As the hauling member is turned to the right, the first to third steering rods 33, 36, 39 that steer the front and rear wheels 39, 30 are driven in directions opposite to those in which they were activated when making a turn to the left. In this way, when the multiple trailers hauled by the tractor A turn to right, the second and successive trailers will follow the track of the first trailer without producing any deviation in radial distance to the front and rear internal wheels from the center of the imaginary curvature of turn nor making a zigzag turn.
According to this invention, the turntables are provided at the front and rear parts of the body frame, each of the turntables is mounted with rotatable wheels on each side, and these front and rear wheels are steered by the hauling member and multiple steering rods. This arrangement, though simple, allows the front and rear wheels to be steered reliably, smoothly and stably. With this construction, the trailers can safely be hauled at high speeds without producing rolling or lateral oscillation when making a turn or running straight.
It is also possible for the trailers to carry large capacity containers and also acheive a significant cost reduction because of their simple constructions.
Claims (3)
1. A trailer comprising: a longitudinally extending body frame; turntables provided at the front and rear parts of the body frame, each having an axle on whose ends wheels are rotatably mounted at the lateral sides of the turntable; a hauling member mounted rotatably at the front part of the body frame; and a plurality of steering rods linked to the hauling member to steer, through the front and rear turntables, the front and rear wheels in such a way that the rear wheels will follow the tracks of the front wheels.
2. The trailer according to claim 1, wherein said steering rods comprise a first steering rod which is activated to rotate the front turntable, with the result that the front wheels on each side of the front turntable are slantly steered at a specified angle when the hauling member is turned, and a second steering rod which is linked to the front turntable and activated, to rotate the rear turntable in a direction opposite to that of the front turntable, with the result that the wheels on each side of the rear turntable are slantly steered in a direction opposite to that in which the front wheels were steered when the front turntable is rotated.
3. A trailer, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8909024A GB2232133A (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Trailer with interconnected steerable axles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8909024A GB2232133A (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Trailer with interconnected steerable axles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8909024D0 GB8909024D0 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
| GB2232133A true GB2232133A (en) | 1990-12-05 |
Family
ID=10655409
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8909024A Withdrawn GB2232133A (en) | 1989-04-20 | 1989-04-20 | Trailer with interconnected steerable axles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2232133A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6135484A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 2000-10-24 | Tamrock Oy | Tow bar construction for transport vehicles and transport vehicle combinations, and a transport vehicle combination |
| NL1016576C2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-14 | Transp Industry Dev Ct Bv | Vehicle provided with a chassis with a first wheel pair and a second wheel pair. |
| NL1018526C2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-14 | Veenhuis Machines | Towed agricultural machine, has front and rear pairs of wheels movable simultaneously in machine transverse direction |
| FR2875779A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-31 | Christophe Gaussin | Chassis frame for trailer, has mounting unit comprising semi-trailer king pin for forming semi-trailer or running gear for forming trailer, and allowing rotation of king pin or gear with respect to frame |
| US20150321695A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-11-12 | Volvo Do Brasil Veiculos Ltda. | Steering intermediate arm |
| DK178711B1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-28 | Green Agro And Transp Aps | Flexible wheel track system for in-field trailer |
| EP3564098A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-06 | B.V. Beco | Bi-directional trailer |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107054451A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-08-18 | 南通市广益机电有限责任公司 | A kind of electric drive turns to chassis and its ambulation control method |
| CN112896255A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-06-04 | 广汽丰田汽车有限公司 | Coaxial trolley and trailer |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637236A (en) * | 1970-03-09 | 1972-01-25 | Shusuke Shimoji | Coupling device of trailers |
| US3689107A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1972-09-05 | Carl E Humes | Steering assembly for trailers |
| US3734538A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-05-22 | C Humes | Steering assembly for trailers |
| US4244596A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1981-01-13 | Chung Tae D | Steering controlling apparatus for trailers |
| US4494766A (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1985-01-22 | Mchugh Brothers Crane Rentals, Inc. | Trailer for carrying large vehicles |
-
1989
- 1989-04-20 GB GB8909024A patent/GB2232133A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3637236A (en) * | 1970-03-09 | 1972-01-25 | Shusuke Shimoji | Coupling device of trailers |
| US3689107A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1972-09-05 | Carl E Humes | Steering assembly for trailers |
| US3734538A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-05-22 | C Humes | Steering assembly for trailers |
| US4244596A (en) * | 1979-01-29 | 1981-01-13 | Chung Tae D | Steering controlling apparatus for trailers |
| US4494766A (en) * | 1983-01-06 | 1985-01-22 | Mchugh Brothers Crane Rentals, Inc. | Trailer for carrying large vehicles |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6135484A (en) * | 1995-12-27 | 2000-10-24 | Tamrock Oy | Tow bar construction for transport vehicles and transport vehicle combinations, and a transport vehicle combination |
| NL1016576C2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-14 | Transp Industry Dev Ct Bv | Vehicle provided with a chassis with a first wheel pair and a second wheel pair. |
| EP1205375A1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-15 | Transport Industry Development Centre B.V. | A vehicle comprising a chassis fitted with a first pair of wheels and a second pair of wheels |
| NL1018526C2 (en) * | 2001-07-12 | 2003-01-14 | Veenhuis Machines | Towed agricultural machine, has front and rear pairs of wheels movable simultaneously in machine transverse direction |
| FR2875779A1 (en) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-03-31 | Christophe Gaussin | Chassis frame for trailer, has mounting unit comprising semi-trailer king pin for forming semi-trailer or running gear for forming trailer, and allowing rotation of king pin or gear with respect to frame |
| US20150321695A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2015-11-12 | Volvo Do Brasil Veiculos Ltda. | Steering intermediate arm |
| US9586617B2 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2017-03-07 | Volvo Do Brasil Veicculos Ltda. | Steering intermediate arm |
| DK178711B1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-28 | Green Agro And Transp Aps | Flexible wheel track system for in-field trailer |
| DK201570755A1 (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-11-28 | Green Agro And Transp Aps | Flexible wheel track system for in-field trailer |
| EP3564098A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-06 | B.V. Beco | Bi-directional trailer |
| NL2020881B1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | B V Beco | Bi-directional Trailer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8909024D0 (en) | 1989-06-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |