GB2229807A

GB2229807A - Improved method and apparatus for inspecting workpieces

Info

Publication number: GB2229807A
Application number: GB8827325A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Derek Anthony Brown; John Numa Worth; Brian Frank Santaniello
Original assignee: WR Grace and Co Conn; WR Grace and Co
Current assignee: WR Grace and Co Conn; WR Grace and Co
Priority date: 1988-11-23
Filing date: 1988-11-23
Publication date: 1990-10-03
Also published as: GB8913279D0; ZA898802B; GB2225421A; GB8827325D0

Abstract

The apparatus and method disclosed rely on the observation of a strip of a rotatable circular can end 2 to be lined with gasketing composition 3, and the scanning head 8 further includes a proximity detector 6 responsive to the positioning of the can end adjacent the scanning head and connected to trigger initiation of a "scanning window" when a can end arrives concentrically in the lining chuck at the lining station, and to discontinue the "scanning window" when the can end and chuck begin to descend on departure of the can end for onward transport. The scanning operation is totally independent of time and therefore of the adjustable speed of operation of the can end lining machine. <IMAGE>

Description

- 1 IMPROVED METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR INSPECTING WORKPIECES The present

invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for inspecting workpieces, in particular for optical inspection of workpieces passing an inspection station either during or after manufacture. one application for the present invention is the optical examination of the gasket being formed on a container closure which is presented to an inspection station, and then moved, e.g. rotated, at the inspection station to allow a single scanning head to scan a gasket strip, e.g. a circular track, on the container closure, and then advanced from the inspection station and followed by a further such closure. The optical examination of the L container closure may, for example, be for the purposes of inspecting the completeness of a sealing gasket formed in the container closure which may, for example, be a bottle or jar closure or a can end.

However, the invention is not to be limited to use with circular workpieces because it is well known for container closures such as can ends to have an other than circular form (for example rectangular) and to be provided with a gasket over a non-circular peripheral portion adjacent its perimeter.

It is known to inspect- circular closures optically for the purposes of confirming the presence and/or continuity of an annular gasket formed near the perimeter of the closure. The closures., for example can ends or bottle or jar c_aps, are presented in rapid succession to $the inspection station, which may also be the lining station, and are to be examined once they are in position on a rotary chuck which holds each can end while it is being rotated to bring the entire length of the peripheral gasket region of the closure Dast an optical scanning head. However, it is - 2 important to define when the scanning operation is to be activated and to cease, because during scanning it is intended that the container closure or other workpiece be held so that its zone passing the optical scanning head presents a constant optically observed quality, for example a constant reflectance to indicate the presence of a gasket material. In the case of gasketing can ends, an ungasketed can end or a portion on which the gasket may be discontinuous, will have a high reflectance value indicating the lack of reflection-attenuating gasketing material whereas the presence of the gasket will give rise to a reflectance value of a predetermined range less than that encountered with an ungasketed can end but above a signal value which may be encountered in the case of a fault in the gasket (for example the presence of a dark impurity particle).

It is known in such inspection equipment to initiate the scanning operation once the container closure is in place on the rotatable chuck, and to define a scanning window in terms of a time delay terminating when it is expected that the scanning rotation of the container closure will have been completed, and before onward advance of the container closure from the inspection station begins.

We have found that the traditional method of countina the time delav between start of the scanning operation and the end of the "scanning window" has the disadvantage that the timing is specific to the design of the closure 14-rinc apparatus with which the inspection equipment is used, and when the machine speed is altered it is necessary to compensate bv changing the count value of the clock which defines the width of the "scanning window". Furthermore, it is also frequently the case that the instant of the start of the "scanning window" is in need of compensation when the machine speed is changed.

3 - It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical inspection system which allows the operating speed of the transport system for the workpieces to be varied without the need for readjustment of the workpiece inspection system. With such an apparatus and method it is then possible to provide a totally independent workpiece inspection system which relies on proprietary workpiece transport means to which the inspection equipment can be readily attached, and without the need for any compensation for the operating speed of the transport equipment. The transport equipment used may, for example, be a machine for lining can ends, where the optical inspection equipment can desirably be incorporated at the can end lining station to inspect the can end while the lining gasket is being formed.

According to one aspect of the present invention we provide a method of inspecting workpieces comprising holding the workpiece at an inspection station, illuminating a region of the workpiece and observing the reflected illumination from that region for evaluation of the reflectance properties of the workpiece, detecting the position of the workpiece to initiate an observation phase only when the workpiece is in a predetermined position relative to the observation head, discontinuing the observation phase when the workpiece leaves said predetermined position, and processing the signals derived from the observation head only during the observation phase for activating a signal corresponding to acceptability in the case of a workniece cori-esmondina to certain predefined conditions and actIvatina a re-ection signal in the case of a workpiece which does not correspond to the predefined conditions.

According to a second aspect of the present invention we provide apparatus for inspecting workpieces, comprising:- an optical scanning head; means for detecting - 4 the arrival of a workpiece in a predetermined position spaced from said scanning head; means responsive to the signal of said position- detecting means for initiating a temporal observation window in which the signals of said scanning head are processed to discriminate between acceptable workpieces and non-acceptable workpieces; means for determining departure of the workpiece from said predetermined position relative to the scanning head for discontinuing the observation window; and means controlled by said scanning window initiation and discontinuing means for processing the signals of said scanning head only within said observation window, and for determining whether said signals-correspond to a pre-programmed set of "acceptance" conditions which correspond to generation of a 11workpiece acceptable" signal and for discriminating from other signals which do not satisfy said conditions and correspond to a llworkpiece non-acceptable" condition.

Although the means for discontinuing the observation window are preferably responsive to the same position detecting means as that used for initiating the observation window, it is also possible for the deactivating means to comprise means for detecting decay of the signal from the scanning means upon termination of the scanning relative movement as the workpiece begins to leave the scanning position.

In order that the present invention may more readily by understood the following description is given, merely by wa-,;- of example. with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a workpiece inspection station in accordance with the present invention; FIGURE 2 is a plot of the level of the signal due to the reflected light from the optical scanning head when an unacceptable workpiece is present; c - FIGURE 3 is a view of part of the control panel of the inspection equipment; and FIGURE 4 is the trace obtained from a pen recorder plot of the actual signal strength which is shown in idealized form in Figure 2, but when an acceptable workpiece is present.

Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a can end lining machine, namely a version of the apparatus of the present invention in which the workpieces are the circular end plates of cylindrical cans which require to receive gaskets to seal the periphery of the can end to the respective end of the cylindrical wall of a can being formed.

In Figure 1 there is shown a dispensing gun 1 which drops liquid lining composition on to the can end 2 in a peripheral region 3 just inboard of the curl 4 at the perimeter of the can end. During this lining operation the can end 2 is being rotated at high speed between a chuck (not shown) underneath the can end and a hold down pad 5 above the can end.

For a lining operation the underneath chuck rises and the can end 2 thus becomes gripped between the chuck and the hold down pad 5 and is lifted so as to come closer to a proximity detector 6, in this case an inductive detector.

At the same time the can end is closer to the nozzle 7 of the gun 1, and is furthermore positioned closely beneath an optical sensing head 8 which monitors the application of 1Lning to the gasket.

The can end becomes lifted by a distance of the order of 9 mm prior to the lining and inspection operation, and the proximity detector 6 is accurate to within a half millimeter. It is thus possible to provide an electrical signal at precisely the instant at which the can end has lifted far enough to reach its lining and inspection - 6 position.

When in this "inspection" position the can end has its gasket region 3 observed by the optical scanning head 8 which emits a focused beam of modulated light (which may for example be red) such that the beam is focused at a point on the gasket region 3.

The optical sensing system employs two sets of optical fibres which have first ends arranged together in the optical sensing head 8. One of the sets of optical fibres has its further ends adjacent a source of the modulated light whereas the other has its further ends alongside a detector of the same modulated light. The same scanning head 8 thus emits the scanning light onto the can end and detects radiation reflected back.

During the operations of feeding an unlined can end to the chuck and hold down pad 5, and the operation of advancing that can end, after lining, to a downstream processing station, various different reflectance situations, two sequences of which are shown in Figures 2 and 4, will be observed by the scanning head 8. ' Firstly, before arrival of the can end, the components of the machine will be well below the scanning head and the emitted light will in the main be lost rather than being reflected back. The signal will therefore be of very low strength.

As the periphery of the unlined can end comes in front of the optical scanning head 8 the signal will rise because of the high reflectance of the metal surface of the unlined can end. Then, as the lining gun 1 begins to dispense lining composition to form a gasket near the can end periphery, the gasket area being scanned will become less reflective but will nevertheless have a distinct reflectance value which is less than that relevant to the unlined metal of the can end.

On the assumption that the can end has a perfect gasket formed in it, the gasket will give a constant predetermined reflectance value during rotation of the can end and application of the lining gasket; then upon termination of the inspection phase the can end will move on and the signal will thus once again die away to a very low value, although possibly first of all rising to the "unlined metal" condition as the periphery of the can end with its "curl" is caused to pass the scanned field.

This excursion of the signal can be appreciated from Figure 2 where the time instant t 1 occurs during the rising front of the signal towards a saturation value L S during the positioning of the unlined can end on the chuck. This instant t 1 is determined by the proximity detector 6 as occurring when the can end has risen with the chuck and hold down pad to its 'I'Lininall position. The signal will however then continue to rise to the satuation value L S despite the fact that the scanning operation has now started.

The scanning programme will expect the signal to stay at least as great as, or in excess of, the saturation level L S for a given time during which the unlined can end is rotating and maybe even while the start of the lined striD of the can end is moving round towards the scanning head 8 (which can be seen in Figure 1 as being substantially 180 0 out of phase with the gun 1 in that they are diametrically opposite one another).

The scanning programme also requires the signal to drop below the saturation level L S at some later time the timing of which is not critical, and to pass down through an upper trip level L U the purpose of which will be described below. In fact the signal continues to descend to a normal level L. at which the reflectance of the lined can end has a t substantially constant value which should ideally be held for the remainder of the duration of the "scanning window" - 8 during which the inspection equipment is recording the Yresence of a uniform gasket.

At a later stage the can end lining machine will begin to drop the can end 2 from the lining and inspection position towards a position in which the chuck and the hold down pad can release that lined can end for onward transport to a subsequent handling station. As the can end starts to descend away from the lining and inspection position, the proximity detector creates a second signal t 2 to mark the end of the "scanning window". In practice the signal will then drop from the normal level L t towards and through a lower level L 1 The very idealized drawing of Figure 2 shows one fault in the gasket in that there is, in the plateau region at normal level Lt, an upward spike which simulates the temporary increase of reflectance signal which might result if the gasket had a discontinuity in it.

The rejection of the can end responsible for the "signature" on Figure 2 is caused as a result of the attainment of this spike through the upper threshold level L U The purpose, therefore, of the upper trip level L U is to provide a maximum limit on the acceptable signal after the descent of the signal from the even higher saturation limit L S Indeed, as will be described later, the normal level L t and the upper trip limit L U are both adjustable on site without the need for exte--nal electrical equipment to check calibration of the equipment.

If, conversely, there had been a downward dip in the signal from the plateau at normal level Lt, then if this had been more than a certain duration depending on the response time of the circuit and an amplitude preset by the operator it could represent a temporary discontinuity in the t 9 gasket and would cause an "unacceptable end" signal.

The equipment operating in accordance with the present invention has the advantage that the "scanning window" is not determined by a fixed time counted from a start of the "scanning window", but is instead defined by two spaced instants between which the scanning operation is carried out. For an acceptable gasket, the signal must rise through upper trip limit L U after time instant t 1 Subsequently the signal L should descend from the upper trip level L U back down to a normal level L t which it should hold without excessive increase or decrease until the end of the "scanning window". The "signature" shown in Figure 2 would thus be responsible for rejection of a closure by virtue of the fact that the lower plateau at normal level L t is not maintained in view of the upward smike from L t to a value above the upper threshold limit As mentioned above, the trace shown in Figure 2 represents that of a can end having a faulty gasket due to a discontinuity in the gasket corresponding to the sudden upward spike before the "scanning window" shut off point T 2 On the other hand, the trace shown in Figure 4 represents that of an acceptable gasket in that although there is also an upward spike after descent from the saturation level and before "scanning window" shut off point t 21 this spike does not exceed the normal level L t of Figure 2 ("decade switch trip level" 0 of Figure 4) and is hence within acceptable limits in that that signal magnitude is still consistent wit.h. adequate gasket thickness.

The circuit of the inspection equipment has a facility for disabling the requirement for the signal first of all to reach saturation level L S (which it does when presented with an unlined can end which then becomes subject to the plateau at normal level L t after a distinct period at saturation level L S), so that the signal can remain at the L. U plateau at normal level L t without that first excursion up,to the saturation level L S in the event of requiring the inspection equipment to monitor prelined can ends.

The purpose of the facility normally in the programme for rejecting a can which does not attain the upper trip level L U is to guard against the lining equipment being presented with a prelined can end during "on-line" can end inspection. This facility for "off-line" inspection of pre-lined can ends can be useful in certain circumstances.

The programme is also preferably designed to give a reject signal if, in the course of a normal "on-line" inspection operation, the scanning head signal does not exceed the lower level L 1 after instant tl, or the proximity detector does not indicate proximity of the can end 2 to the detector 6 while the reflectance signal is above the upper triD level L U There is thus a cross check between these two detectors 6 and 8 to ensure that both are operating correctly. Otherwise an alarm is initiated.

By using modulated light, it is possible to avoid the need for shielding of the sensor and hence it is made much more straightforward to focus the beam of radiation at a spot on the can end gasket strip.

An alternative possibility for detecting arrival of the workDiece such as the can end in its inspection position would be to have some position switch responsive to operation of the mechanism of the workpiece transport system, for example the drive to the chuck and hold down pad in the apparatus of Figure 1. However, we consider it is preferable to rely on a proximity sensor as this allows the inspection equipment to be attached as a retrofit to any existing apparatus in which the workpieces are forwarded to, and advanced from, an inspection station.

The inspection station could, of course, be elsewhere than at the lining station of a can end lining z - 1 1 - machine, although the installation of the inspection,equipment at the lining station is particularly advantageous because this is a point where the circular can end must of necessity be rotating about a stationary axis in order to -facilitate both the application of the lining material, and as a side advantage, the scanning for inspection purposes.

Figure 4 shows a pen recorder trace of the signal L of Figure 2, actually measured on the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 3. Figure 4 also shows the increments (0, 1, 21... D, E, F) of a hexadecimal switch whose range extends from the normal level (L t in Figure 2) to the saturation level (L S in Figure 2).

As can be seen from the left hand part of Figure 4, the signal is initially,low as there is no can end at the lining station. During approach of the can end to be inspected there are two upward spikes which are thought to have been caused by optical observation of the can end transfer bars feeding the can end to the lining chuck. Immediately after the second spike the signal rises rapidly through the level 0 marked "decade switch trip level" which corresponds to the normal signal level L t of Figure 2, and up to the saturation level L S.

The equipment in accordance with the present invention uses a particularly simple system for setting up the switches to define the levels L t and L U As shown in Figure 3, the'control panel includes a first pair of bar graph indicators 10 and 11, and a second pair of such indicators 12 and 13. These constitute two distinct channels of the equipment which can either be used to monitor different aspects or different positions on a single lining station or to scan simultaneously each of two lining stations each requiring one of the two scanning channels of the equipment.

Although, in the preferred form of the present - 12 invention, two separate channels are incorporated it is also possible for three or more such channels to be incorporated in the same unit. With two such channels, as indicated above, it is possible to observe different parts of the gasket track, for example by arranging-one of the detectors 8 to scan the outer perimeter of the gasket strip and the other to scan the inner perimeter, in order to detect any ragged edges to the gasket at either the inner or the outer perimeters.

Another possibility would be for there to be the same two channels observing the gasket track and for a third channel to be watching the curl at the outer perimeter of the can-end to ensure that the curl is correctly formed. Yet a further possibility would be for there to be at least one channel observing the gasket track on the top of the can end and for a further channel observing the outside of the curl to ensure that no compound spills over onto the other side of the can end.

The two bar graphs 10 and 12 are reference bar graphs which, during a setting-up cycle of the equipment, indicate the desired triD level L t; on the other hand, the bar graphs 11 and 13 indicate the reflectance level of the gasket on the respective channel, and the desired and actual values are to be set in relation to one another, e.g. equalised, by adjustment of decade switches controlling the two other bar graphs 11 and 13 to illuminate the same number of bars on graphs 11 and 13 as on graphs 10 and 12, respectively.

The signal on each of the bar graphs 10 and 12 is obtained by positioning a prelined can end 2 of known gasket quality in the appropriate chuck and then winding that chuck manually for lifting movement into the "inspection" position just below the optical sensor 8 and proximity detector 6, and then adjusting the sensitivity the reflectance signal of 13 the thus lined can end to provide an "acceptable,reflectance" signal which corresponds to, say, 3 bars illuminated in the bar graph indicator 10 or 12. To do this, for each channel, the sensitivity control 18 or 19 shown in Figure 3 is then adjusted.

Then the decade switches 14 and 15 are adapted to bring the bar graph indicators 11 and 13 into a desired relationship (e.g. equality) in relation to the bar graphs 10 and 12.

The above-mentioned hexadecimal switches 15 and 16 define sixteen increments of signal strength above and starting from the normal level L t defining an effective range up to the saturation level L S for the inspection equipment. 0 The initial presentation of a quality-controlled lined can end for setting up the equipment provides not only for adjustment of the device for the correct sensitivity with the intended lining composition (and hence also to enable adjustment to a different sensitivity when a compound having a different reflectance is used), but also for adjustment of the sensitivity to cope with any slight repositioning of the optical sensing head 8 and the proximity detector 6 relative to the raised "inspection,' position of the can end in the chuck.

The sensitivity of the rejection facility is adjusted by selecting an appropriate one of the levels.1, 2, 31... C, D, E of the range of the hexadecimal switches 16, 171 (Figure 3) and this then defines the upper trip level L U of Figure 2. It will of course be appreciated that if the upper trip level L U is too close to the normal level L t then virtually every can end will be rejected, including a high number 6f acceptable ones (as mentioned above), and that equally if the upper trip level L U is too close to the saturation level L S (for example by selecting level E of the i 1 1.

- 14 ends will be rejected because it is unlikely that any spike, resulting from a fault in the gasket will be high enough to be virtually equal to the saturation level L S. The operator therefore adjusts the hexadecimal switch 16 or 17, to a setting at which from experience he finds that the only can ends which are rejected are faulty, and that there is no noticeable incidence of badly lined can ends passing inspection. This setting will be determined by trial and error andlor empirical prediction, for example by selecting level 8.

It is considered particularly important that with the present invention there is a way of adjusting the sensitivity of the inspection equipment using only a quality-controlled lined can end, and requiring no external calibration apparatus. Furthermore, the particularly convenient calibration system which simply requires the equalization of two adjacent and parallel bar graphs is considered an important practical advantage for operation of the inspection unit.

In practice the entire control apparatus will be contained in an explosion-proof casing, preferably having a transparent polycarbonate window enabling the bar graphs to be observed during operation of the inspection apparatus, and some calibration adjustments may be made with the polycarbonate front window removed so that once the equipment has been calibrated and the window replaced, the self-contained unit from which the proximity sensor lead 20 and the optical fibre cable 21 of Figure 1 originate can then remain sealed and be free from any inadvertent decalibration in use.

It is envisaged that the dispensing gun 1 for the lining compound will be electronically controlled and that there could be some operative connection between the control for the gun 1 and the timing of the "scanning window" t l-t2P 1 but the preferred embodiment of the present apparatus avoids,such an interconnection and is therefore equally well able to operate with non- electronically actuated guns, as well as in the "off-line" mode described above.

We envisage that the equipment will usually be constructed as a twochannel system so that spares holding can be facilitated in avoiding-the alternative possibilities of single channel and twin channel equipment. Furthermore, this provides a certain amount of additional reliability in that if only one channel is used and that one fails in service, it is possible to disconnect that channel and to employ the other channel without the equipment needing repair.

Although, in the preferred method and apparatus, w use modulated light for scanning it would be possible to work with other radiation such as infra-red.

Claims

C L A I M S

R 1. A method of inspecting workpieces comprising holding the workpiece at an inspection station, illuminating a region of the workpiece and observing the reflected illumination from that region for evaluation of the reflectance properties of the workpiece, detecting the position of the workpiece to initiate an observation phase only when the workpiece is in a predetermined position relative to the observation head, discontinuing the observation phase when the workpiece leaves said predetermined position, and processing the signals derived from the observation head only during the observation phase for activating a signal!corresponding to acceptability in the case of a workpiece corresponding to certain predefined conditions and activating a rejection signal in the case of a workpiece which does not correspond to the predefined conditions.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the position detection at the start of the observation phase is effected by means of a proximity sensor.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the determination of the end of the observation phase is achieved by sensing loss of a proximity sensor signal indicating departure of the workpiece from its inspection position.
4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said conditions corresponding to acceptance of the workpiece comprise the existence of a signal below a predetermined trip level at the start of the observation phase, rise of the signal through said predetermined trip level, subsequent attainment of an upper saturation level after the start of the observation phase, then descent of the signal from the saturation level and 1 17 down to a value below said trip level before termination of,the observation phase, and the non-existence of any upward signal excursion back through said trip level between said descent and the end of the observation phase.
5. A method according to claim 4 wherein said acceptance signal conditions further include the non-existence of a downward excursion of the signal below a lower threshold level which is less than said trip level, between said descent and the end of said observation phase.
6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the illumination is modulated light and only light of the appropriate modulation is detected by the scanning head.
7. A method,according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the illumination is focused into a spot on the area of the workpiece to be examined.
8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims and including the-step of calibrating inspection equipment to carry out the inspection method, wherein the calibration operation comprises:- (a) introducing an acceptable workpiece into the scanning position, with the area to be scanned having the desired reflectance characteristics; (b) visually displaying a signal corresponding to the signal strength detected by scanning said area of the introduced acceptable workpiece; (c) visually displaying adjacent said first-mentioned display a signal corresponding to a trip level predetermined by the inspection equipment; (d) adjusting said trip level so that its indication matches that of the reference signal provided by the first-mentioned visual indication of the introduced (e) adjusting the sensitivity of the equipment to 1 - 18 define an upper threshold level above said trip level such,that variations of the detected signal in use of the inspection equipment from said trip level towards said upper threshold level during scanning of said region will not cause display of a "non-acceptance" signal unless said upper level is exceeded.
9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the workpieces are can ends which are beina lined with gasket material to effect a seal between the can end and the cooperating end of the side wall of a can, and the optical observation is intended to detect the presence of gasketing material which attenuates the reflectance properties.
10. Apparatus for inspecting workpieces, comprising:- an optical scanning head; means for detecting the arrival of a workpiece in a predetermined position spaced from said scanning head; means responsive to the signal of said position-detecting means for initiating a temporal observation window in which the signals of said scanning head are processed to discriminate between acceptable workpiezes and non-acceptable workpieces; means for determining departure of the workpiece from said predetermined position relative to the scanning head for discontinuing the observation window; and means controlled by said scanning window initiation and discontinuing means for processing the signals of said scanning head only within said observation window, and for determining whether said signals correspond to a pre-programmed set of "acceptance" conditions which correspond to generation of a Ilworkpiece acceptable" signal and for discriminating from other signals which do not satisfv said conditions and correspond to a IlworkDiece non-acceptable" condition.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said position detecting means comprise a proximity sensor mounted S A - adjacent the scanning head.
12. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said proximity sensor also serves as said means for determining departure of the workpiece from said predetermined position.
13. Apparatus according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein said scanning head comprises a bundle of optical fibres comprising a first set of fibres which are connected to a light source and serve to illuminate the area of the workpiece to be observed, and a second set of fibres which are connected to detecting means and are effective to transmit reflected light back to the detecting means for generation of a signal corresponding to the reflectance properties of a region of the workpiece being observed.
14. ADmaratus according to any one of claims 11 to 13, and including a decade switch defining attainment of a trip level of signal from said scanning head for use in said pre-programmed Ilworkpiece-acceptablell conditions, and means for adjusting said decade switch for setting said trip level.
15. Apparatus according to claim 14 and including a first bar graph indicator responsive to the trip level set on said decade switch and a second bar graph indicator responsive to the output of said scanning head but not influenced bv the settina of said decade switch, and including means for adjusting the setting of said decade switch for varying the display on said bar graph indicator.
16. Apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, and further including a hexadecimal switch defining a plurality of discrete reject levels for said inspection equipment, and including means for selecting an appropriate one of said plurality of reject levels to vary the sensitivity of the inspection equipment to variations in the reflectance signal observed by the scanning head.
17. Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 A to 16, when installed at the lining station of a can end,lining machine for observing the gaskets with which said can ends are simultaneously being lined.
18.. Apparatus according to claim 17 wherein said can end lining station comprises a rotatable chuck and hold-down pad for rotating circular can ends, and wherein the scanning head is eccentric with respect to said chuck for observing a gasket-receiving annular strip on said can end during the gasketing rotation of the can end by the chuck, while gasketing compound is being dispensed onto said annular strip.
19. Apparatus according to any one of claims 11 to 18, wherein said position-responsive means comprises an inductive proximity detector coupled to control circuitry of said inspection equipment for initiating and discontinuing said observation window.
20. A method of inspecting workpieces substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
21. Apparatus for inspecting workpieces substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as illustrated in, the accompanying drawings.

Published 1990atThe Patent Mce.Slate House.C671 H161, Holborn. londonWC1R4TP.7u-thercopies maybe obtalnedfroln Ille Patent=lce Was Branch. St Mary Cray. Orpington. Kent BR5 3RD. Printed by Multiplex techniques luL S, Uary Cray. Kent. Con. 1,87 1 1 0