GB2229608A - Method and circuit for the frequency regulation of signals - Google Patents
Method and circuit for the frequency regulation of signals Download PDFInfo
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- GB2229608A GB2229608A GB8715877A GB8715877A GB2229608A GB 2229608 A GB2229608 A GB 2229608A GB 8715877 A GB8715877 A GB 8715877A GB 8715877 A GB8715877 A GB 8715877A GB 2229608 A GB2229608 A GB 2229608A
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- frequency
- mixer
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- base station
- filter
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C13/00—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation
- F42C13/04—Proximity fuzes; Fuzes for remote detonation operated by radio waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/18—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop
- H03L7/183—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number
- H03L7/185—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop using a frequency divider or counter in the loop a time difference being used for locking the loop, the counter counting between fixed numbers or the frequency divider dividing by a fixed number using a mixer in the loop
Abstract
The object of the invention is to provide a method and a circuit by means of which the signals generated in a stationary base station (1) and a flying station e.g. missile (3) can be regulated to a common frequency. The frequency of the signals generated in the base station (1) is adjusted to the frequency of the signals generated by the flying station. To perform the method the base station (1) uses a circuit (2) having a frequency generator (5) whose control input is connected to a first mixer (6) via a series circuit consisting of a converter (8) and a filter (14). The signal input of this mixer (6) is connected to two receivers (9, 10) which receive at least two different frequencies (fP) (fRP) in order to determine a control signal for the frequency generator (5). The flying station (3) has a frequency generator (40) whose output is connected to at least one mixer (41). The second input of mixer (41) is connected to the reception antenna (43) via a receiver (42). The output of the mixer (41) is connected to the transmission antenna (45) via a filter (44). <IMAGE>
Description
Method and circuit for the frequency regulation of signals.
This invention relates to a method of regulating the frequency of signals in accordance with the preamble to claim 1, and to a circuit for performing the method.
A method and circuit of this kind are used primarily in defence equipment.
For defence purposes the method can be used, for example, in tanks, from which missiles having electronically operating fuses are launched. Before each missile is launched, the detonation time of the detonator contained therein is set. The missile speed is changed due to the various external influences to which the missile is exposed, so that correction of the detonation time is necessary before the missile reaches the target, to activate the missile as close as possible to the target.
Patent application P 33 08 859.4 discloses a method and a circuit for activating a flying station launched from a base station. The base station is in the form of a tank and the flying station is in the form of a missile. In the method described in the above patent application, the distance between the base station and the target is determined and stored in a memory before the flying station is launched. After the launch of the station its distance from the base station is continuously detected and compared with the stored distance between the base station and the target. If the two values coincide the flying station is activated. To perform the method, the base station and the flying station each contain a generator for generating electromagnetic waves.The electromagnetic waves transmitted from the base station are received in the flying station and, together with the electromagnetic waves generated there, are fed to a mixer by means of which a Doppler signal is generated. A disadvantage of this system is that frequency generators have to be used to determine the distance between the base station and flying station. The high acceleration experienced by the flying station results in change of frequency of the generator in the flying station. This results in falsification of the detonator triggering accuracy.
It is therefore the object of the invention to indicate a method and a circuit by means of which the electromagnetic waves generated by the generators in the base station and the flying station can be set to a common frequency even after the flying station has been launched.
This problem is solved by the features of claim 1.
A circuit for performing the method is disclosed in claim 4.
With the method according to the invention, the frequency of the generator in the base station can be adjusted to the frequency of the generator in the flying station after the latter has been launched. According to the invention, the negative mixed product is formed in the flying station from the frequency signal receiveed by the base station and from the frequency signal generated in the flying station and is transmitted to be base station. The change of the frequency signal of the flying station with respect to the frequency signal of the base station is determined in the base station from the said received frequency signal and the frequency signal reflected at the flying station, and the frequency of the signal generated in the base station is adjusted to the frequency of the signal generated in the flying station.
In another embodiment of the method, the positive mixed product is formed in the flying station from the frequency signal received by the base station and from the frequency signal generated in the flying station and is returned to the base station. The change of frequency of the signal generated by the generator in the flying station is determined from said received frequency signal and from the base station frequency signal reflected at the flying station, and the base station generator is set to that frequency.
To perform the method the base station comprises at least one first generator whose control input is connected to the output of a first mixer via an analog/ditigal converter and a filter. In addition the generator signal output is connected to a first transmission antenna.
The first signal input of the mixer is connected to a first reception antenna via a series circuit formed from a receiver and a filter.
The second signal input of the first mixer is connected to the output of a second mixer in the base station via a series circuit formed by a divider and a filter. The first signal input of the second mixer is connected to the signal output of the base station generator while the second signal input of the mixer is connected to a second reception antenna in the base station via a series circuit consisting of a second receiver and a filter.
The flying station has a generator which before launching is so adjusted as to generate signals at the same frequency as the base station generator. The flying station generator output is connected to the first signal input of a mixer whose second signal input is connected to a reception antenna via a receiver. The output of the mixer in the flying station is connected to a transmission antenna via a filter.
In a second embodiment, the base station is equipped with a second generator which, firstly, is connected to a second transmission antenna of the base station. Another signal output of the second generator is connected to the first signal input of the second mixer in the base station while the second signal input of the second mixer is connected to the second reception antenna of the base station via the second receiver and via a following filter. The first reception antenna of the base station is connected to the first mixer of the base station via a series circuit consisting of a filter, the first receiver and a third mixer. The output signal of the first generator of the base station is fed to the second signal input of the third mixer.
In another embodiment of this variant of the circuit a PIN switch is disposed betwen each of the two receivers of the base station and of the reception antennas. The two control inputs of these switches are connected to a comparator whose control input is connected to the output of the filter following the first mixer.
If the positive mixed product is formed in the flying station from the received frequency signal and- from the frequency signal generated in the flying station and is transmitted to the base station, a multiplier is connected between the second receiver and the second mixer. The generator output signal is in that case fed via a divider to the second signal input of the first mixer of the base station.
Other features essential to the invention are characterised in the subclaims.
The circuit used to perform the method is explained in detail hereinafter with reference to exemplified embodiments.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 illustrates a base station with the circuit disposed therein.
Figure 2 shows a flying station with the circuit disposed therein.
Figure 3 is a variant of the circuit shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 shows a base station with two generators and
Figure 5 illustrates the circuit shown in Figure 4 with an additional security against enemy intervention.
Figure 6 is another variant of the circuit shown in Figure 2.
Figure 7 is another variant of the circuit shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 diagrammatically illustrates the base station 1 with part of the circuit 2 contained therein. The part of the circuit 2 illustrated here comprises basically a frequency generator 5, two mixers 6 and 7, a converter 8, two receivers 9 and 10, two reception antennas 11 and 12, a divider 13 and four filters 14, 15, 16 and 17, and a transmission antenna 18. In the exemplified embodiment illustrated here, the generator 5 is a high-stability oscillator generating electromagnetic waves in the microwave range. The converter 8 is connected to the control input of generator 5 and is connected to the first mixer 6 via filter 14. The first control input of mixer 6 is connected to the first reception antenna 11 via a series circuit consisting of the receiver 9 and the filter 16. The second mixer 7 is connected to the second signal input of the first mixer 6 via the filter 15 and the following divider 13. One signal input of mixer 7 is connected to the second transmission antenna 12 via a series circuit consisting of the second receiver 10 and filter 17. The signal output of generator 5 is connected to the second signal input of mixer 7 and to the transmission antenna 18.
Figure 2 shows the diagrammatically illustrated flying station which can be launched from the base station 1. The flying station 3 contains the circuit 4 of which only those components essential to the invention are illustrated. The part of the circuit 4 illustrated here comprises a frequency generator 40, a mixer 41, a reception antenna 43, a filter 44 and a transmission antenna 45. The generator 40 is constructed as a non-stabilised oscillator generating electromagnetic waves in the microwave range. The signal output of generator 40 is connected to mixer 41. The second signal input of mixer 41 is connected to receiver 42 which is connected to the reception antenna 43. The output signal of mixer 41 is fed via filter 44 to the transmission antenna 45.Before the launch of the flying station 3 from the base station 1 the two generators 5 and 40 are so set that the electromagnetic waves they generate have the same frequency. Electromagnetic waves at the frequency fp are transmitted from the base station transmission antenna 18. After the launch of the flying station 3, which is constructed as a missile in this example, electromagnetic waves at frequency fE are received by reception antenna 43. Since the flying station 3 moves away from the base station 1 at a velocity V, the electromagnetic waves received by the reception antenna 43 do not have the frequency fp since they undergo a frequency change. The frequency fE can be shown by the following equation:
fE fP fDl fD stands for the Doppler frequency.To determine the distance between the flying station and the base station, this Doppler frequency is determined in the part of the circuit 4 not shown in detail and integrated over time in an integrator (not shown here).
The integrator output signal is an exact index of the missile path covered assuming that the frequency of the two generators 5 and 40 is still the same after launching of the missile 3. The generator 40 generates the high-frequency current I@ = H . cos (f@ . t ) which is mixed in the mixer 41 with the alternating current received by the receiver 42:
In = N . cos (fp - f,,1) . t
The value of the current generated by the generator 40 is defined by the equation;
H = H@ + N cos (f@ - f,,,) .t.
The following follows from this in accordance with the side band theory: In = H@ cos (fG . t) tm = modulated)
+N cos (fG + f@ - fr,l? .t
-N cos ( [f@ - (f@ - f@1)] ,t)
The first two terms of this equation are separated by means of a filter 46 following the mixer 41, so that a low-frequency alternating current in accordance with the following equation is obtained at the output of the filter 46:: InD N cos (f@1 . t), since fr =
2
This equation for the current occurring at the output of the filter 46 is, however, correct only if the frequencies of the two generators 5 and 40 remain the same after the launching of the missile 3. If the frequency of the generator 40 undergoes a change by # fs, the current at the output of the filter 46 changes in accordance with the following equation: I,, =N cos (# fG + fDl ) , t 2
Since this current is used to determine the distance between the missile and the base station 1, the result is falsified if the generator 40 no longer operates at the same frequency as the generator 5 in the base station after the launching of the missile 3.
To preclude this error, according to the invention the generator 5 in the base station 1 is set to the new frequency of the generator 40 in the flying station. To render this possible, the signals received from the reception antenna 43 of the flying station are fed to the mixer 41 where they are mixed with the signals generated by the generator 40. By means of the filter 44 following the mixer 41 the negative mixed product is filtered out of these signals and fed to the transmission antenna 45. The frequency of these signals is defined by the following equution: ft; = (fG + #f@) - (fp - fDl = Afa + fp.V C
These signals are fed by the transmission antenna 45 to the base station, more particularly its reception antenna 11.The filter 16 and the receiver 9 following the antenna 11 are so adjusted that they receive only these signals f@@, fPE = fs - fs # v/S
Since the following also applies:
the equation for the frequency f,T can also be written as follows:
fPE = # fG + fP#V/@ C The frequency f@ @@ . V/C is obtained from the equation: fP.V = fp - fPR
C 2 frn is the frequency of the signals transmitted by the transmission antenna 18 and reflected from the missile 3 and received by the antenna 12.The filter 17 and the second receiver 10 following the reception antenna 12 are so set that they receive only signals at the frequency f,,. The frequency signals received by the reception antenna 11 are fed to the first mixer 6 via the filter 16 and the receiver 9 direct. The frequency signal at the reception antenna 12 is first fed to the mixer 7 which forms the difference between the frequency signal fp and the frequency signal frr together with the following filter 15. The divider 13 following the filter is so set that the values fed to it are divided by two. The frequency obtained at it output is fed to the first mixer 6. By means of this mixer 6 and the following filter 14 the negative mixed product is formed from the two signals at the mixer 6.The value of the frequency signal obtained at the output of the filter 14 is directly proportional to the frequency change which the generator 40 has experienced in the missile 3 after its launch. The frequency signal obtained at the output of the filters ;4 can be represented by the equation: tfG = fPE ~ .fP - fPR 2
This frequency signal is converted to a voltage signal in the converter 8 and is fed to the control input of the generator 5 to change its frequency.
Figure 3 illustrates a variant of the circuit shown in figure 2, which is disposed in the base station 1. The main difference is that this circuit is adapted to evaluate the positive mixed product formed in the flying station 3 from The received frequency fr and the frequency fn generated in the generator. The flying station circuit 4 is as shown in Figure 2. Only the filter 44 following the mixer 41 is so devised that the positive mixed product is obtained at its output and is fed to the transmission antenna 45. The circuit 2 shown in Figure 3 comprises a generator 5 whose output signal is fed to the transmissioin antenna 18. The output of generator 5 is.
connected via a divider 13A to the first signal input of the first mixer 6. The output of mixer 6 is connected to the converter 8 via the filter 14. The reception antenna 11 and its following filter 16, together with the first receiver 9, are so set as to receive the frequency signal fr. coming from the tranmission antenna 45 of the flying station and feed the same to the second mixer 7. The reception antenna 12 and the following filter 17 and receiver 10 are so set that they receive the frequency signal frn transmittted by the base station 1 and reflected from the missile 3 and feed it to a multiplier 19 which precedes the second mixer 7. The latter is connected to the second signal input of the first mixer 6 via the filter 15.
The iollowing frequency signal is obtained at the transmission antenna 45 of the flying station 3:
The antenna 11 or receiver 9 following it receives a signal having the following frequency due to the Doppler effect:
The terms 5 and 8 of this equation lapse because they are very small In the divider 13A the frequency fr is divided by 2 and fed to the first mixer 6. The frequency frF coming from the reception
antenna 12 is multiplied by 2/3 in multiplier 19 and fed to the
second mixer 7. Under the condition:
fF fo.
it follows that the frequency change of the generator 40 at the
output of the filter 14 is:
This frequency signal at the output of filter 14 is fed to the converter 8 where it is converted into a voltage signal fed to the control input of the generator 5. By means of this signal the frequency of the generator 5 is set to the changed frequency of the generator 40.
Figure 4 shows another variant of the circuit used for performing the method. The circuit 4 required in the flying station 3 to perform the method is devised as shown in Figure 2 and explained in the associated description. In the circuit shown in Figure 4, the generator 5 has its output connected to the transmission antenna 18 of the base station 1. The first signal input of the first mixer 6 is connected via a filter 20 to a third mixer 21. The first signal input of this third mixer is connected to the signal output of generator 5. The second signal input of the third mixer 21 is connected to the first receiver 9. The second signal input of the first mixer 6 is connected to the output of the second mixer 7 via the series circuit comprising a divider 15a and a filter 15. .The output of tlie second receiver 10 is connected to the first signal input of the mixer 7, said receiver being connected via filter 17 to the reception antenna 12. The second signal input of the mixer 7 is connected to a second generator 23 which also generates electromagnetic waves in the microwave range. Like the generator 5, the generator 23 is constructed as a high-stability oscillator. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves it generates is higher or lower than the frequency of the generator 5 or the generator 40 in the missile by the factor K. Factor K is preferably so selected that the frequency of the generator 23 is between the harmonics of the frequency f,. and the frequency f < -. The electromagnetic waves of the generator 23 are transmitted to the missile 3 via a transmission antenna 24.The missile receiption antenna 43 receives these waves and feeds them to the receiver 42 which is connected to the mixer 41. Transmission antenna 45 transmits signals at the frequency f-~.
The receiver 9 in the base station 1 receives via the filter 17 the
signals transmitted by the missile transmission antenna 45, whose
frequency is given by the following equation due to the Doppler
effect:
fPE = fXZ - fSZ V
C The frequency f@@@ z transmitted by the missile transmission antenna 45 can be represented as follows: fsz = # fG + fp (1 - K) + Kfp . V
C
If this equation is inserted into the above equation, then the following equation is obtained for the frequency received by the receiver 9:
fPE = A fG + fP # (1 - K) + Kfp . V + fP # (1 - K),V C C.
The reception antenna 12 of the base station or of the following receiver 10 receives the frequencies f which are transmitted by the generator 23 and which are reflected from the missile 3. These frequencies can be represented in accordanced with the following equation:
fZR = fz - 2 fz , V
C
The frequency difference f: @ @@@ is formed by means of the mixer 7 and the following filter 15. This frequency difference is divided by four in the divider 15A. For simplification IC has been selected a being 2. The positive mixed product from frequency firm and frequency f of generator 5 is formed in the mixer 21 and the following filter 20.The negative mixed product of the frequencies fed to the two signal inputs of the mixer 6 ar-e then obtained in the mixer 6 and the following filter 14. The frequency signal obtained at the output of filter 14 is proportional to the frequency change oi generator 40 in the missile. It can be represented as follows for example: # fG = fPE + fp - 1 (fz - fzR) 4 If a first correction of the frequency of generator 5 in base station 1 has been carried out after the launch of the missile 3, no further correction is usually necessary if the missile 3 is no longer subject to high acceleration forces.As soon as this correction is completed, the two reception antennas 11 and 12 of the base station 1 should be short-circuited by means of switches in order to eliminate any counteracting influences. For this purpose, each reception antenna 11, 12 is followed by a PIN switch 27, 28 as shown in Figure 5. The control input of the two switches 27 and 28 are connected to a comparator 29 controlled by the output signal of the filter 14.
When the circuit shown in Figure 2 is used for the flying station, the returned frequency must always be twice the frequency received by the reception antenna 43 of the flying station. This can be explained by reference to an example in which, for example, reception antenna 43 receives the frequency fE = 30GHz. The mixer 41 shown in
Figure 2 and its following filter 44 generate from this received frequency fE and frequency fe generated by the frequency generator 40 in the flying station 3 the Doppler frequency f,,11 in which the frequency fF is mixed with the frequency fc in the mixer 41. The filter 44 filters out the positive mixed product which has approximately twice the natural frequency.The transmission antenna 45 transmits this frequency f to the base station 1. This frequency f which is practically twice the frequency fE received by the flying station requires firstly a transmission antenna 45 aligned to a frequency twice that of the reception antenna 43. In the example described here, therefore, the transmission antenna must be directed at 60GHz. The same applies to the components preceding the transmission antenna 45 and the components which are intended for reception and evaluation of the frequency f in the base station 1.
The components adapted to 60GHz generate much higher conversion losses and these in turn require higher generator outputs from the frequency generator 40 in the flying station 3. This means that a battery with a much higher output must be accommodated in flying station 3 inter alia. Since this is often impossible, this problem can be circumvented by means of the circuits shown in Figures 6 and 7 if conditions so necessitate. When the circuit shown in Figure 6 is used it is possible if required to use a common transmission and reception antenna (not shown here) for the transmission and reception of signals in the flying station 3. When the circuits shown in
Figures 66 and 7 are used it is possible to make use of components adapted to a common frequency range e.g. 30GHz.
The circuit shown in Figure 6 comprises a frequency generator 40, two mixers 41 and 47, two filters 44 and 46, a receiver 42, a transmitter 48 and a receiver 43 and a transmission antenna 45, although according to the invention a common transmission and reception antenna (not shown here) can be used. The signal output of frequency generator 40 is connected to the first signal inputs of the two mixers 41 and 47. The second signal input of the first mixer 41 is connected to the reception antenna 43 via the receiver 42. The output of mixer 41 is connected via filter 46 to the second signal input of the second mixer 47. The output signal of mixer 47 is fed via filter 44 to the transmitter 48 from which the signal is transmitted to the base station 1 by the transmission antenna 45.
The frequency generator 40 is so set that when the flying station 3 is launched it generates signals of the same frequency as the frequency generator 5, which is disposed in the base station 1. By means of the circuit shown in Figure 6 the frequency f, of the frequency generator 40 is mixed by mixer 47 with the frequency f,,1 corresponding to the Doppler frequency. The latter frequency is formed from the frequency fE received by receiver 42 and reception antenna 43 and the frequency fe of frequency generator 40 fed to the first mixer 41, and is filtered out by means of filter 46.By means of filter 44 following mixer 47 the positive or negative mixed product is formed from the frequency fa and frequency f0, depending upon the construction of these two components. The resulting signal is returned to the base station 1 by means of transmitter 48 and transmission antenna 45.
The base station circuit shown in Figure 7 comprises 8 first mixer 6 which is connected to a reception antenna 11 via a series circuit consisting of a receiver 9 and first filter 16. This reception antenna 11 is so constructed as to receive only the frequency fPE which is transmitted by the flying station 1 in the form of signals of frequency fs to base station 1 by the transmission antenna 45.
The second signal input of the first mixer 6 is connected to the signal output of the frequency generator 5 of the base station 1.
The signal output of the first mixer 6 is connected via a second filter 14 to a divider 13. A second mixer 7 is connected via a series circuit comprising a receiver 10 and third filter 17 to a second reception antenna 12. The latter is so designed as to receive only signals of frequency fr < These are signals which are transmitted by the transmission antenna 18 of base station 1 and reflected from flying station 3. The signals radiated by transmission antenna 18 have the frequency fp and are generated by frequency generator 5. The second signal input of the second mixer 7 is connected to the signal output of the frequency generator 5.
The output of the second mixer 7 is connected to the second signal input of the divider 13 via a series circuit consisting of a fourth filter 15, a first multiplier 30 and a second multiplier 31. The output of divider 13 is connected to a converter 8 connected to the control input of frequency generator 5. The first multiplier 30 is so designed that the signals fed to it are multiplied by a factor 2.
The second signal input of the multiplier 31 is connected to the signal output of the frequency generator 5 and multiplies the frequency signals fed to it by the frequency fp of the frequency generator. Since the Doppler effect is also operative on the return of a signal of frequency f,s from the flying station 3 to the base station 1 the reception antenna 11 of base station 1 does not receive the signal at the frequency ft, but a signal of frequency fuze This frequency is given by the following equation:
where V is the velocity of the flying station.The frequency f is
obtained from the following equation: fS = fG + # fG # fD1 It is assumed that the frequency f@1 is mixed with the frequency f@ + fcR in the flying station. From the above two equations the following then applies to the frequencies f@ and f@@:
For the purposes of explanation only the positive mixed product is considered here.The Doppler frequency f,, is obtained from the equation:
V @ D1 = fP # - C
If this value is substituted in the equation for the frequency fPI: then:
Assuming the following:
it follows from the condition f, = fG that the following applies to the frequency fPE:
If this equation is resolved according to A f,-; then:
The frequency f@@ received by the reception antenna 12 of the base station one can be determined from the following equation::
V
IPR = fp - 2 fp # - C
If this equation is resolved in accordance with V/C and this value is substituted in the equation for #fG then the following equation applies for #fG: 2fP (fpR - fp) # fG = (fp + fpE)
This Af, is the frequency change that the frequency of the generator 40 of the flying station 3 experienced. The frequency of the frequency generator 5 in the base station 1 must now also be varied by this value so that the two frequency generators 5 and 40 again operate at the same frequency The mixed product fr + f,F- is formed from the frequencies f,-.. and frF in the base station by means of the first mixer 6 and the following filter 14. The second mixer 7 and the following filter 15 generate the mixed product f,T. - fG from the frequencies fG and fr Fo. The latter mixed product is multiplied by the factor 2 in the multiplier 30 and is fed from there to the multiplier 31 where multiplication with the frequency fr takes place.
From the output signal of multiplier 31 and the output signal of filter 14 the divider 13 generates the quotient:
2fp(fpR-fp)
fG =
(fp+fpE)
The converter 8 following the divider 13 converts the frequency signal #fG occurring at its input to a voltage signal which is used to control the frequency generator- 5.
Claims (3)
1. A method of regulating the signals of a base station (1) and of a flying station (3) to a common frequency, characterised in that the frequency (f,-) of the signals generated by the base station (1) is set to the value of the frequency (f@) of the signals generated by the flying station (3).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the negative mixed product Cf f.) is formed in the flying station (3) from the frequency signal (fr-) and from the frequency signal (f@) generated in the flying station (3), and is transmited to the base station (1) and the frequency change (# fG) of the frequency signal (f@) generated in the flying station after the launch thereof is determined from said frequency signal (frr) received by the base station and the frequency signal 1 ref reflected from the flying station (1) and the frequency signal (f@) generated in the base station t1) is altered proportionally thereto.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the positive mixed product is formed in the flying station.
3. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the positive mixed product (f@) is formed in the flying station (3) from the frequency signal (fF) and from the frequency signal (foci) generated in the flying station (3) and is transmitted to the base station (1), the frequency change ( f@) of the frequency signal (f@) generated in the flying station after the launch thereof is determined from said frequency signal (f@E) received by the base station and the frequency signal (f@R) reflected from the flying station (1) and the frequency of the frequency signal (f@) generated in the base station is altered proportionally thereto.
4. A circuit for performing the method according to claim 1, characterised in the at least one frequency generator (5) is provided in the base station (1) and its control input is connected, via a series circuit consisting of a converter (8) and a filter (14), to a first mixer (6) having at least one signal input connected to at least one receiver (9, 10), and the flying station (3) has a frequency generator (40) whose output is connected to at least one mixer (41) whose second input is connected to the reception antenna (43) via a receiver (42) and whose output is connected to the transmission (45) via a filter (44).
5. A circuit according to claim 4, characterised in that the first input of the first mixer (6) of the base station (1) is connected to a reception antenna (11) via the series circuit consisting of a receiver (9) and a filter (16), the second signal input of the first mixer (6) is connected, via the series circuit consisting of a divider (13) and a second filter (15), to the signal output of a second mixer (7) whose first signal input is connected to the output of the generator (5), and whose second signal input is connected to a second reception antenna (12) via the series circuit consisting of a receiver (10) and a filter (17).
6. A circuit according to claim 4, characterised in that the first signal input of the first mixer (6) is connected via a divider (13A) to the output of the generator (5), the second signal input of the first mixer (6) is connected via a filter (15) to a second mixer (7), and the first signal input of the second mixer (7) is connected to the first reception antenna toll) via a first receiver (9) and a filter (16), while the second signal input of the second mixer (7) is connected to a second reception antenna (12) via a multiplier (19), a second receiver (10) and a filter (17).
7. A circuit according to claim 4, characterised in that the first signal input of the first mixer t6) is connected to the output of a second mixer (7) via a series circuit consisting of a divider (15A) and a filter (15A, the second signal input of the mixer (6) is connected via a series circuit consisting of a filter (20) and a third mixer (21) to a first receiver (9) and a first filter (16) which is connected to the first reception antenna (11), the first signal input of the second mixer (7) is connected to a second generator (23) connected to a second transmission antenna (24), the second signal input of the second mixer (7) is connected to a second receiver (10) followed by a filter (17) which is connected to a second reception antenna (12), and the output of the first generator (5) > is additionally connected to the second signal input of the third mixer (21).
8. A circuit according to claim 7, characterised in that PIN switches (27, 28) are connected between the reception antennas (11, 12) and the receivers (9, 10) and their control inputs are connected to a comparator (29) controlled by the output signal of the filter (14).
9. A circuit according to claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the output of the generator (5) of the base station (1) is connected to the first transmission antenna (18) of the base station (1).
10. A circuit for performing the method according to claim 1, characterised in that the base station t1) has at least one frequency generator (5) whose control input is connected, via a series circuit consisting of a converter (8) and a filter (14), to a first mixer (6) having at least one signal input connected to a receiver (9, 10), the flying station (3) has a frequency generator (40) whose output is connected to a first mixer and a second mixer (41, 47), the second signal input of the first mixer (41) is connected via a receiver (42) to a reception antenna (43) and the signal output of the first mixer (41) is connected to a first filter (46) whose signal output is connected to the second signal input of the second mixer (47), and the signal output of the second mixer (47) is connected via a second filter (44) to a transmitter (48) followed by a transmission antenna (45).
11. A circuit according to claim 10, characterised in that the first input of the first mixer (6 > of the base station (1) is connected to a first reception antenna (11) via a series circuit consisting of a first receiver (9) and a first filter (16), the second signal input of the first mixer (6) is connected to the signal output of the frequency generator (5) of the base station (1) and the signal output of the first mixer (6) is connected via a second filter (14) to a divider (13) whose signal output is connected to a converter (8) which is connected to the control input of the generator (5), the first signal input of a second mixer (7) is connected to a second reception antenna (12) via a series circuit consisting of a second receiver (10) and a third filter (17!, the second signal input of the second mixer (7) is connected to the signal output of the frequency generator (5) and the signal output of the second mixer (7) is connected to the second signal input of the divider (13) via a series circuit consisting of a fourth filter (15), a first multiplier (30) and a second multiplier (31), the first multiplier (30) multiplies the signals fed to its signal input by the factor 2 and the second multiplier multiplies the signals fed it its signal input by the frequency of the frequency generator (5) which is fed to its second signal input.
Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows
1. A method of regulating to a common frequency signals of a base station and a flying station each provided with an electromagnetic wave generator, the method
comprising transmitting a signal from the base station to the flying station, at the flying station mixing the said signal received from the base station with the electromagnetic waves generated at the flying station, thereby generating a mixed product signal, transmitting the mixed product signal to the base station, at the base station determining the change in frequency of the electromagnetic wave generator of the flying station after launch of the flying station, from the signal transmitted by the flying station to the base station and from the signal transmitted from the base station and reflected by the flying station to the base station, and changing the frequency of the signal generated at the base station in proportion to the said change in
frequency.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that the negative mixed product is formed in the flying station.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3626023 | 1986-08-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8715877D0 GB8715877D0 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
| GB2229608A true GB2229608A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
Family
ID=6306459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8715877A Withdrawn GB2229608A (en) | 1986-08-01 | 1987-07-06 | Method and circuit for the frequency regulation of signals |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2642241A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2229608A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1228419B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8701483A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8702901D0 (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB990138A (en) * | 1960-05-13 | 1965-04-28 | Henry Parks Hutchinson | Improvements in or relating to communications systems |
| GB1246491A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1971-09-15 | Nasa | Apparatus for synchronizing a multi access space satellite time division multiplex system |
| GB1390084A (en) * | 1972-07-01 | 1975-04-09 | Marconi Co Ltd | Signal transmission systems |
| GB2047049A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-11-19 | Motorola Inc | Two-way communications systems and method of synchronizing |
| GB1583342A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1981-01-28 | Marconi Co Ltd | Satellite communication systems |
-
1987
- 1987-06-25 NL NL8701483A patent/NL8701483A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-07-06 GB GB8715877A patent/GB2229608A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-07-09 FR FR8709738A patent/FR2642241A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-07-16 IT IT8721312A patent/IT1228419B/en active
- 1987-07-17 SE SE8702901A patent/SE8702901D0/en unknown
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB990138A (en) * | 1960-05-13 | 1965-04-28 | Henry Parks Hutchinson | Improvements in or relating to communications systems |
| GB990137A (en) * | 1960-05-13 | 1965-04-28 | Henry Parks Hutchinson | Improvements in or relating to communications systems |
| GB1246491A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1971-09-15 | Nasa | Apparatus for synchronizing a multi access space satellite time division multiplex system |
| GB1390084A (en) * | 1972-07-01 | 1975-04-09 | Marconi Co Ltd | Signal transmission systems |
| GB1583342A (en) * | 1976-07-30 | 1981-01-28 | Marconi Co Ltd | Satellite communication systems |
| GB2047049A (en) * | 1979-03-12 | 1980-11-19 | Motorola Inc | Two-way communications systems and method of synchronizing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1228419B (en) | 1991-06-17 |
| FR2642241A1 (en) | 1990-07-27 |
| SE8702901D0 (en) | 1987-07-17 |
| NL8701483A (en) | 1990-03-01 |
| IT8721312A0 (en) | 1987-07-16 |
| GB8715877D0 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |