GB2224114A - Fourier transform ultra-violet visible instrument - Google Patents
Fourier transform ultra-violet visible instrument Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2224114A GB2224114A GB8821312A GB8821312A GB2224114A GB 2224114 A GB2224114 A GB 2224114A GB 8821312 A GB8821312 A GB 8821312A GB 8821312 A GB8821312 A GB 8821312A GB 2224114 A GB2224114 A GB 2224114A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- instrument
- vis
- transform
- generator
- vis instrument
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001988 antibody-antigen conjugate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003473 flash photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001501930 Gavia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001210 attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003736 xenon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0218—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2846—Investigating the spectrum using modulation grid; Grid spectrometers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/45—Interferometric spectrometry
- G01J3/453—Interferometric spectrometry by correlation of the amplitudes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2846—Investigating the spectrum using modulation grid; Grid spectrometers
- G01J2003/285—Hadamard transformation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N2021/1738—Optionally different kinds of measurements; Method being valid for different kinds of measurement
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/33—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
- G01N2201/12—Circuits of general importance; Signal processing
- G01N2201/122—Kinetic analysis; determining reaction rate
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
A Fourier Transform Ultra-Violet visible (FT/UV-Vis) instrument has no more than one moving part. It is adaptable inter alia to monitor fast reactions or to use in evanescent wave Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region. By using a Fourier transform generator the instrument has high sensitivity. Alternatively, a Hadamard transform generator may be used where the instrument has the added advantage of having no moving parts. <IMAGE>
Description
FOURIER TRANSFORM ULTRA-VIOLET VISIBLE INSTRUMENT
This invention relateS to a fourier transform ultra-Violet visible, or FT/UV-Vis, instrument.
An FT/UV-Vis instrument is used to analyse a static sample by illumi
nating the sample with a W-Vis light source and analysing the resulting spectra by fourier transform to obtain special information about the sample.
A known FT/UV-Vis instrument is used specifically for looking at atomic line spectra, a task which requires high resolving power.
However, because of the high resolution necessary for this application the instrument is very large and cumbersome and uses many moving parts such as moving mirrors and rotating prisms, as well as a moving mirror to produce the interferogram.
Recently, the use of FT/UV-Vis instruments has become desirable in other fields and there is a need for a less cumbersome, more adaptable and cheaper instrument.
According to the present invention an FT/UV-Vis instrument comprises a high intensity broad band UV-Vis light source, a transform generator, a fast response detector and a computer, wherein the instrument has no more than one moving part, and wherein the instrument is adaptable inter alia to either monitor fast reactions or to use in evanescent wave Attenuated Total Reflection spectroscopy in the W-Vis region.
The broad band W-Vis source may take the form of a Xenon arc lamp or a mercury source.
The use of a fourier transform generator enables the instrument to have very high sensitivity which makes the instrument particularly useful for looking at fluorometric or colorimetric reactions close to the surface of light transmitters such as optical fibres by using evanescent wave Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region. This is particularly useful in monitoring reactions in solution, of chemical films and of antibody-antigen conjugates.
The use of a fast response detector such as a photomultiplier tube enables the instrument to be used to monitor stopped-flow colorimetric or fluorometric fast reactions or other related methods such as temperature change, pressure change and flash photolysis techniques.
The transform generator may be a moving mirror fourier transform generator or, preferably, a Hadamard transform generator, where the active element may be a liquid crystal. If the latter is used then the instrument has the added advantage of having no moving parts. A Hadamard transform generator also has the ability to repeatedly generate a transform quickly ie MHz.A computer is employed to perform several functions, including the following
- controlling the generation of the transform
- receiving the transformed signal from the photomultiplier
tube
- converting the Hadamard transformed signal into a fourier
transform (if a Hadamard generator is used)
- Transforming the fourier transform into useful spectral
information
- storing, displaying and outputting data
Optical signals may be transmitted directly, ie via lenses or by the use of optical fibres which would permit a modular style of instrument and/or operation remote from the sample, with all the advantages of optical fibres. The present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing which is a diagrammatic representation of an FT/UV-Vis instrument according to the invention.
An FT/UV-Vis instrument has a high intensity light source 10 connected to a transform generator 11 which is connected to a sample 12 under optical interrogation. A detector 13 is connected to monitor the sample 12 under optical interrogation. A computer 14 is connected to the transform generator 11 and the detector 13.
In operation, the high intensity light source 10 illuminates the transform generator 11 advantageously a Hadamard transform generator, which illuminates the sample 12 under optical interrogation.
The interrogation may take many forms but particular application is seen in two specific areas; firstly, in the monitoring of stoppedflow colorimetric/fluorometric reactions and for other related methods to monitor fast reactions such as temperature jump, pressure jump and flash photolysis techniques; secondly, in the monitoring of colorimetric/fluorometric reactions close to the surface . of light transmitters, such as optical fibres by Attenuated Total
Reflection, which is useful in monitoring reactions in sn1'jtr., of chemical films and of antibody-antigen conjugates.The light detector 13 which is preferably a photomultiplier tube of lightpossible cycle time of lOOns or less detects the light and gives an electrical signal to the multifunctional computer 14, which has the functions of
- controlling the generation of the transform
- receiving the transformed signal from the photomultiplier
tube
- converting the Hadamard transformed signal into a fourier
transform (if a Hadamard transform generator is used)
- transforming the fourier transform into useful special
information, and
- storing displaying and outputting data.
The optical signals in the instrument may be transmitted either directly via lenses or by the use of optical fibres to permit a modular style of instrument and/or operation remote from the sample with all the inherent advantages of optical fibres.
There is therefore provided an FT/UV-Vis -instrument which is compact and relatively inexpensive which has a fast response and high sensitivity enabling it to be adapted to monitor fast reaction kinetics or to be used in evanescent wave ATR spectroscopy in the W-Vis region.
It will be realised that the above described instrument will also be adaptable for use in more general applications in the field of spectroscopy.
Claims (12)
- What is claimed is: 1. An FT/UV-Vis instrument comprising a high intensity broad band ultra-violet-visible light source, a transform generator, a fast response detector and a computer, wherein the instrument has no more than one moving part and wherein the instrument is adaptable inter alia to either monitor fast reactions or to use in evanescent wave Attenuated Total Reflection spectroscopy in the ultra-violet-visible region.
- 2. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the high intensity broad band ultra-violet-visible light source is a xenon arc lamp.
- 3. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the high intensity broad band ultra-violet-visible light source is a mercury source.
- 4. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in any previous Claim, wherein the transform generator is a moving mirror fourier transform generator.
- 5. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the transform generator is a Hadamard transform generator.
- 6. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the Hadamard transform generator has the ability to repeatedly generate a transform quickly.
- 7. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in any previous. Claim, wherein the fast response detector is a photomultiplier tube.
- 8. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in Claim -1, wherein the transform generator is a moving mirror fourier transform generator and wherein the computer is multifunctional and, in use, includes the functions of controlling the generation of the transform; receiving a transformed signal from the fast response detector; transforming the fourier transform into spectral information; storing, displaying and outputting data
- 9. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in Claim 8, wherein the transform generator is a Hadamard generator and the computer also includes the function of converting the Hadamard transformed signal into a fourier transform.
- 10. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in any previous Claim, wherein optical signals are transmitted directly by the use of lenses.
- 11. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 10, wherein optical signals are transmitted by the use of optical fibres.
- 12. An FT/UV-Vis instrument, substantially as herein described, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821312A GB2224114A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1988-09-12 | Fourier transform ultra-violet visible instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821312A GB2224114A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1988-09-12 | Fourier transform ultra-violet visible instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8821312D0 GB8821312D0 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
| GB2224114A true GB2224114A (en) | 1990-04-25 |
Family
ID=10643422
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8821312A Withdrawn GB2224114A (en) | 1988-09-12 | 1988-09-12 | Fourier transform ultra-violet visible instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2224114A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0225210A1 (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-06-10 | Bertin & Cie | Spectro-colorimetric arrangement using optical fibres |
| EP0242250A2 (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1987-10-21 | Bertin & Cie | Opto-electronic device to detect a physical quantity at a distance |
-
1988
- 1988-09-12 GB GB8821312A patent/GB2224114A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0225210A1 (en) * | 1985-10-16 | 1987-06-10 | Bertin & Cie | Spectro-colorimetric arrangement using optical fibres |
| EP0242250A2 (en) * | 1986-03-13 | 1987-10-21 | Bertin & Cie | Opto-electronic device to detect a physical quantity at a distance |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8821312D0 (en) | 1988-10-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |